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Neogomphodontia
Gomphodontia is a clade of cynognathian cynodonts that includes the families Diademodontidae, Trirachodontidae, and Traversodontidae. Gomphodonts are distinguished by wide and closely spaced molar-like postcanine teeth, which are convergent with those of mammals. Other distinguishing characteristics of gomphodonts include deep zygomatic arches, upper postcanines with three or more cusps spanning their widths and lower postcanines with two cusps spanning their widths. Gomphodonts first appeared in the Early Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Late Triassic. Fossils are known from southern Africa, Argentina and southern Brazil (Paleorrota geopark), eastern North America, Europe, China, and Antarctica. Gomphodontia was first named by paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1895. He considered it an order of wide-toothed therapsids (then called anomodonts) from South Africa, distinct from Cynodontia. By the 1930s Gomphodontia was considered a suborder of Cynodontia and included the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynognathia
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus ''Cynognathus'' and the herbivorous traversodontids. Cynognathians can be identified by several synapomorphies including a very deep zygomatic arch that extends above the middle of the orbit. Cynognathian fossils are currently known from Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Taxonomy *Suborder Cynodontia **Infraorder Eucynodontia ***(unranked) Cynognathia ****Family Cynognathidae *****''Cynognathus'' ****(unranked) Gomphodontia *****Family Diademodontidae ******''Diademodon'' ******'' Titanogomphodon'' *****(unranked) Neogomphodontia ******Family Trirachodontidae *******Subfamily Trirachodontinae ********''Langbergia'' ********'' Trirachodon'' *******Subfamily Sinognathinae ********''Beishanodon'' ********'' Sinognathus'' ********''Cricodon'' ******Family Traversodontidae *******'' Etjoia'' *******'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trirachodontidae
Trirachodontidae is an extinct, possibly paraphyletic family of cynognathian cynodonts from the Triassic of China and southern Africa. Trirachodontids appeared during the Early Triassic soon after the Permian-Triassic extinction event and quickly spread over a wide geographic area in a comparatively brief amount of time from 250 to 237 million years ago. Trirachodontids have wide skulls and short, narrow snouts. Two large holes called temporal fenestrae run along the back of the head and have a uniformly large width. Trirachodontids also have two large canine teeth and smaller cusped postcanines. Most of the features that distinguish trirachodonts from other cynodonts are found in their dentition. Trirachodontids lived in semi-arid environments with seasonal rainfall. The bone structure of trirachodontids suggests that they grew quickly in seasons with high rainfall and slowly in less favorable seasons. One trirachodontid, '' Trirachodon'', has been found in association with com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cynognathia
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus ''Cynognathus'' and the herbivorous traversodontids. Cynognathians can be identified by several synapomorphies including a very deep zygomatic arch that extends above the middle of the orbit. Cynognathian fossils are currently known from Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. Taxonomy *Suborder Cynodontia **Infraorder Eucynodontia ***(unranked) Cynognathia ****Family Cynognathidae *****''Cynognathus'' ****(unranked) Gomphodontia *****Family Diademodontidae ******''Diademodon'' ******'' Titanogomphodon'' *****(unranked) Neogomphodontia ******Family Trirachodontidae *******Subfamily Trirachodontinae ********''Langbergia'' ********'' Trirachodon'' *******Subfamily Sinognathinae ********''Beishanodon'' ********'' Sinognathus'' ********''Cricodon'' ******Family Traversodontidae *******'' Etjoia'' *******'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which is a unit in chronostratigraphy. The Early Triassic is the oldest epoch of the Mesozoic Era. It is preceded by the Lopingian Epoch (late Permian, Paleozoic Era) and followed by the Middle Triassic Epoch. The Early Triassic is divided into the Induan and Olenekian ages. The Induan is subdivided into the Griesbachian and Dienerian subages and the Olenekian is subdivided into the Smithian and Spathian subages. The Lower Triassic series is coeval with the Scythian Stage, which is today not included in the official timescales but can be found in older literature. In Europe, most of the Lower Triassic is composed of Buntsandstein, a lithostratigraphic unit of continental red beds. The Early Triassic and partly also the Middle Triassic span the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalenodon
''Scalenodon'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Africa and possibly Russia. The type species ''S. angustifrons'' was named in 1946 and several other species were named in the following years. Most of the species from Africa are now thought to belong to different genera than ''Scalenodon''. History and species The first fossils belonging to ''Scalenodon'' were found in the Manda Formation of Zambia and assigned to '' Trirachodon angustifrons'' in 1946. In 1955, the species was given its own genus, ''Scalenodon''. In 1963, a second species called ''S. drysdalli'' was named from the Ntawere Formation in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. Later that year ''S. drysdalli'' was placed in its own genus, '' Luangwa''. Three additional species, ''S. attridgei'', ''S. charigi'', and ''S. hirschoni'', were named from the Manda Formation in 1972. In 1973, a Russian species of ''Scalenodon'' was named ''S. boreus''. ''S. boreus'' is known from the southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pascualgnathus
''Pascualgnathus'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils have been found from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation of the Puesto Viejo Group. The type species ''P. polanskii'' was named in 1966. Description ''Pascualgnathus'' is a small traversodontid. It has large upper canine teeth and small postcanine teeth. The postcanine teeth of ''Pascualgnathus'' and other traversodontids are wide, allowing them to eat plant material. The upper postcanines of ''Pascualgnathus'' are rectangular. Each has a central ridge and a cusp on the side facing the mouth. There are also two cusps on the side of the tooth facing the lips, with one being larger than the other. The lower postcanines have less of a rectangular shape and have only two cusps. Unlike the upper postcanines, they are longer than they are wide. Classification When ''Pascualgnathus'' was first named in 1966, it was considered a member of the family Diademodontidae more c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andescynodon
''Andescynodon'' is a genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils are known from the Cerro de las Cabras and Cacheutá Formations. ''Andescynodon'' is one of the most basal traversodontids. Another traversodontid called ''Rusconiodon'' has also been identified from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation but is now considered a junior synonym of ''Andescynodon''. Description and history The type species ''Andescynodon mendozensis'' was named in 1967 and reported from the Rio Mendoza Formation. The location where remains have been found was later shown to be part of the Cerro de las Cabras Formation. Like all traversodontids, ''Andescynodon'' has wide postcanine teeth at the back of its jaws. These wide teeth are seen as evidence of a herbivorous diet and give traversodontids their name (their teeth are transversely wide). One distinguishing feature of ''Andescynodon'' is the forward position of a ridge on these postcanine teeth. The temporal r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langbergia
''Langbergia'' is an extinct genus of trirachodontid cynodont from the Early Triassic of South Africa. The type and only species ''L. modisei'' was named in 2006. ''Langbergia'' was found in the Burgersdorp Formation in the Beaufort Group, a part of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone. The closely related trirachodontids '' Trirachodon'' and ''Cricodon ''Cricodon'' is an extinct genus of trirachodontid cynodonts that lived during the Early Triassic and Middle Triassic periods of Africa.Abdala, F., J. Neveling, and J. Welman. 2006. A new trirachodontid cynodont from the lower levels of the Burg ...'' were found in the same area. References Cynognathians Prehistoric cynodont genera Early Triassic synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 2006 {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cricodon
''Cricodon'' is an extinct genus of trirachodontid cynodonts that lived during the Early Triassic and Middle Triassic periods of Africa.Abdala, F., J. Neveling, and J. Welman. 2006. A new trirachodontid cynodont from the lower levels of the Burgersdorp Formation (Lower Triassic) of the Beaufort Group, South Africa and the cladistic relationships of Gondwanan gomphodonts. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 147:383–413. A. W. Crompton named ''Cricodon'' based on the ring-like arrangement of the cuspules on the crown of a typical postcanine tooth.Crompton, A. W. 1955. On some Triassic cynodonts from Tanganyika. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 125(3–4):617–669. The epithet of the type species, ''C. metabolus'', indicates the change in structure of certain postcanines resulting from replacement. Discovery ''Cricodon'' was first discovered in the Tanzanian Manda Beds of South Africa. Broili & Schröder (1936) were the first to describe ''Cricodon'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trirachodon
''Trirachodon'' (Greek: "three ridge tooth") is an extinct genus of cynodonts. Fossils have been found in the ''Cynognathus'' Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group in South Africa and the Omingonde Formation of Namibia, dating back to the Early and Middle Triassic. Description The skull of ''Trirachodon'' had a short, narrow snout with a wide orbital region. The zygomatic arches were relatively slender. ''Trirachodon'' was quite small for a cynodont, growing no larger than 50 cm in length. It had noticeably less molariform teeth than its closely related contemporary ''Diademodon''. These teeth tended to be transversely broader than ''Diademodon'' as well. A bony secondary palate and precise postcanine tooth occlusion are seen as derived characteristics in ''Trirachodon'' that are similar to those of mammals. Species The type species is ''T. berryi'', named in 1895 on the basis of a single cranial skeleton. Three other specimens were later referred to ''T. kannemeyeri'', wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinognathus
''Sinognathus'' is an extinct genus of gomphodont cynodonts from the Middle Triassic Ermaying Formation of China. Its type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ... and only species is ''Sinognathus gracilis'', which was named in 1959 by the Chinese palaeontologist C. C. Young. References Cynognathians Prehistoric cynodont genera Anisian life Middle Triassic synapsids Triassic China Fossils of China Fossil taxa described in 1959 Taxa named by Yang Zhongjian {{Paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beishanodon
''Beishanodon'' is an extinct genus of eucynodonts from Lower Triassic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and .... The type and only species is ''Beishanodon youngi''. References Cynognathians Prehistoric cynodont genera Early Triassic synapsids Triassic synapsids of Asia Fossil taxa described in 2010 {{Paleo-Therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
