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Neo-Schumpeterian Economics
Neo-Schumpeterian economics is a school of thought that places technological innovation at the core of economic growth and transformation processes. It is inspired by the work of Joseph Schumpeter who coined the term creative destruction for the continuous introduction of technological change that drives growth by replacing old, less productive structures with new, more productive ones. Where Schumpeter explained the innovation drive by an exogenous factor called entrepreneurial spirits, neo-Schumpeterian economists refer to endogenous factors such as science and technology policies and corporate strategies of research and development to explain innovation. Neo-Schumpeterian economics is a form of evolutionary economics and closely related to innovation studies. History In the aftermath of World War II, policymakers became increasingly convinced of the importance of science and technology policy. Quantitative research into the relation between economic growth and science and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Schumpeter
Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; February 8, 1883 – January 8, 1950) was an Austrian-born political economist. He served briefly as Finance Minister of German-Austria in 1919. In 1932, he emigrated to the United States to become a professor at Harvard University, where he remained until the end of his career, and in 1939 obtained American citizenship. Schumpeter was one of the most influential economists of the early 20th century, and popularized the term "creative destruction", which was coined by Werner Sombart. Early life and education Schumpeter was born in Triesch, Habsburg Moravia (now Třešť in the Czech Republic, then part of Austria-Hungary) in 1883 to German-speaking Catholic parents. Both of his grandmothers were Czech. Schumpeter did not acknowledge his Czech ancestry; he considered himself an ethnic German. His father owned a factory, but he died when Joseph was only four years old. In 1893, Joseph and his mother moved to Vienna. Schumpeter was a loyal supporter of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Sussex
, mottoeng = Be Still and Know , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £14.4 million (2020) , budget = £319.6 million (2019–20) , chancellor = Sanjeev Bhaskar , vice_chancellor = Sasha Roseneil , head_label = Visitor , head = King Charles III , students = 19,413 (2019–20) , undergrad = 14,619https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=19-20-digest---undergraduate-student-summary.pdf&site=381 , postgrad = 4,794https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=19-20-digest---postgraduate-student-summary.pdf&site=381 , city = Falmer, Brighton , state = East Sussex , country = England , campus = Campus , colours = White and Flint , mascot = Badger , affiliations = Universities UK, BUCS, Sepnet, SeNSS, Association of Commonwealth Universities, NCUB , website = , logo = University of Sussex Logo.svg , footnotes = , academic_staff = 2,010 (2020) , administrative_staff = 1,100 The Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Innovation Economics
Innovation economics is new and growing field of economic theory and applied and experimental economics that emphasizes innovation and entrepreneurship. It comprises both the application of any type of innovations, especially technological, but not only, into economic use, in classical economics this is the application of customer new technology into economic use; but also it could refer to the field of innovation and experimental economics that refers the new economic science developments that may be considered innovative. In his 1942 book ''Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy'', economist Joseph Schumpeter introduced the notion of an innovation economy. He argued that evolving institutions, entrepreneurs and technological changes were at the heart of economic growth. However, it is only in recent years that "innovation economy," grounded in Schumpeter's ideas, has become a mainstream concept". Historical origins Joseph Schumpeter was one of the first and most important schol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolfgang Stolper
Wolfgang Friedrich Stolper (13 May 1912 – 31 March 2002) was an American economist. Stolper was born in Vienna, the eldest son of economists Gustav Stolper and Toni Stolper. In 1925 the family moved to Berlin and emigrated in 1933 to the United States. In 1938 Stolper completed his economics studies at Harvard University. He was a student of Joseph Schumpeter. From 1938 to 1943, Stolper was Assistant Professor of Economics at Swarthmore College, Swarthmore PA. In 1945, he participated in the Strategic Bombing Survey (Europe). From 1949, Stolper was Professor of Economics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. In 1941 Stolper together with Paul A. Samuelson proposed the Stolper–Samuelson theorem. In 1986 Stolper was a co-founder of the International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society The International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society (ISS) is an economics association aimed at furthering research in the spirit of Joseph Schumpeter. Wolfgang F. Stolper and Horst Hanusch initi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Innovation System
The National Innovation System (also NIS, National System of Innovation) is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level. According to innovation system theory, innovation and technology development are results of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research institutes. Origins of term The term ''National System of Innovation'' originated when Christopher Freeman, INDIA and Bengt-Åke Lundvall worked together in the late 1980s. Freeman's research drew heavily on political economy of Friedrich List and his historical account of the rise of Japan as an economic superpower. Lundvall's work explored the important social interactions between suppliers and customers and their role in encouraging innovation in Denmark. Apart from a general definition, as above, there is no canonical definition of national innova ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengt-Åke Lundvall
Bengt-Åke Lundvall (born 1941, Sweden) is an emeritus professor in economics at the Department of Business and Management at Aalborg University. Biography Lundvall obtained his MA in economics at the University of Gothenburg in 1967. * Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, and Susana Borrás"The globalising learning economy: Implications for innovation policy" ''Report from DG XII, Commission of the European Union'' (1997): 34-39. * Lundvall, Bengt-Åke, et al.National systems of production, innovation and competence building" ''Research policy'' 31.2 (2002): 213-231. * Lundvall, Bengt-Åke and Susana Borrás (2005)Science, Technology and Innovationin The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, ed. Jan Fagerberg and David C. Mowery. Oxford University Press. * Lundvall, Bengt‐Åke. "National innovation systems—analytical concept and development tool." ''Industry and innovation'' 14.1 (2007): 95-119. * Jensen, Morten Berg, et al.Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation" ''Research policy'' 36.5 (200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard R
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", "Dick", "Dickon", " Dickie", "Rich", "Rick", "Rico", "Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English, German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Catalan "Ricard" and the Italian "Riccardo", among others (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Andersen (other) * Richard Anderson (other) * Richard Cartwright (other) * Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Freeman
Christopher Freeman (11 September 1921 – 16 August 2010) a British economist, recognised as one of the founders of the post-war school of Innovation Studies. He played a lead role in the development of the neo-Schumpeterian tradition focusing on the crucial role of innovation for economic development and of scientific and technological activities for well-being. Freeman was the founder and first Director, from 1966 to 1982, of SPRU, the Science Policy Research Unit of the University of Sussex, England, and RM Phillips Professor of Science Policy and later Professor Emeritus of at the University of Sussex. In 1986, on his formal retirement, he became visiting professor at the Aalborg University in Denmark and professorial fellow at the now Maastricht University in the Netherlands. With various colleagues, Freeman made pioneering contributions to Innovation Studies in a number of respects. As consultant for the OECD, he was responsible for the development of 'The Frascati Manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science Policy Research Unit
Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) is a research centre based at University of Sussex in Falmer, near Brighton, UK. It focuses on long term transformative change, science policy and innovation across different sectors, societies and structures. It was one of the first interdisciplinary research centres in the field of science and technology policy and at the forefront of the development of innovation as an academic discipline. Alongside internationally renowned research, SPRU also offers a range of MSc courses, as well as PhD research degrees. SPRU's research today addresses pressing global policy agendas, including the future of industrial policy, inclusive economic growth; the politics of scientific expertise, energy policy, security issues, entrepreneurship, and pathways to a more sustainable future. It aims to tackle real-world questions whilst also contributing to theoretical knowledge on innovation. In 2018, SPRU ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the UK for top science and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creative Destruction
Creative destruction (German: ''schöpferische Zerstörung'') is a concept in economics which since the 1950s is the most readily identified with the Austrian-born economist Joseph Schumpeter who derived it from the work of Karl Marx and popularized it as a theory of economic innovation and the business cycle. It is also sometimes known as Schumpeter's gale. According to Schumpeter, the "gale of creative destruction" describes the "process of industrial mutation that continuously revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one". In Marxian economic theory the concept refers more broadly to the linked processes of the accumulation and annihilation of wealth under capitalism. The German sociologist Werner Sombart has been credited with the first use of these terms in his work ''Krieg und Kapitalismus'' (''War and Capitalism'', 1913).Describing the way in which the destruction of forests in Europe laid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frascati Manual
The Frascati Manual is a document setting forth the methodology for collecting statistics about research and development. The Manual was prepared and published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Contents The Frascati Manual classifies budgets according to what is done, what is studied, and who is studying it. For example, an oral history project conducted by a religious organization would be classified as being basic research, in the field of humanities (the sub-category of history), and performed by a non-governmental, non-profit organization. Three forms of research The manual gives definitions for: basic research, applied research, Research and development; research personnel: researchers, technicians, auxiliary personnel. The Frascati Manual classifies research into three categories: * ''Basic research'' is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge about observable phenomena and facts, not directed toward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Accounts
National accounts or national account systems (NAS) are the implementation of complete and consistent accounting techniques for measuring the economic activity of a nation. These include detailed underlying measures that rely on double-entry accounting. By design, such accounting makes the totals on both sides of an account equal even though they each measure different characteristics, for example production and the income from it. As a method, the subject is termed national accounting or, more generally, social accounting.Nancy D. Ruggles, 1987. "social accounting," '' The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 4, pp. 377–82. Stated otherwise, national accounts as ''systems'' may be distinguished from the economic data associated with those systems. While sharing many common principles with business accounting, national accounts are based on economic concepts. One conceptual construct for representing flows of all economic transactions that take place in an economy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
