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National Bank Of Czechoslovakia
The National Bank of Czechoslovakia ( cs, Národní banka Československá) was the central bank of Czechoslovakia between 1926 and 1939. Between 1939 and 1945, its activities were divided into the National Bank for Bohemia and Moravia in Prague ( cs, Národní banka pro Čechy a Moravu v Praze, german: Nationalbank für Böhmen und Mähren in Prag) in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak National Bank ( sk, Slovenská Národní Banka) in the Slovak Republic. The National Bank was re-established in reunified Czechoslovakia in 1945, and in 1950 renamed State Bank of Czechoslovakia ( cs, Státní banka československá). On , the State Bank of Czechoslovakia was replaced by its two successor entities, the Czech National Bank in the Czech Republic and the National Bank of Slovakia in Slovakia. Background Following the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Czechoslovak declaration of independence in October 1918, monetary authority under the First Czechoslova ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Standard
A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the late 1920s to 1932 as well as from 1944 until 1971 when the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. Many states nonetheless hold substantial gold reserves. Historically, the silver standard and bimetallism have been more common than the gold standard. The shift to an international monetary system based on a gold standard reflected accident, network externalities, and path dependence. Great Britain accidentally adopted a ''de facto'' gold standard in 1717 when Sir Isaac Newton, then-master of the Royal Mint, set the exchange rate of silver to gold too low, thus causing silver coins to go out of circulation. As Great Britain became the world's leading financ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové (; german: Königgrätz) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 91,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected by law as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations, urban monument reservation, the wider centre is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones, urban monument zone. Administrative parts Hradec Králové is made up of 21 city parts: *Březhrad *Hradec Králové *Nový Hradec Králové *Kukleny *Malšova Lhota *Malšovice *Moravské Předměstí *Piletice *Plácky *Plačice *Plotiště nad Labem *Pouchov *Pražské Předměstí *Roudnička *Rusek *Slatina *Slezské Předměstí *Svinary *Svobodné Dvory *Třebeš *Věkoše Etymology The city was originally named Hradec, which is a diminutive of ''hrad'' (i.e. "castle"). Later, when it was owned by Bohemian queens, the Králové attribute (from ''král, král ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
České Budějovice
České Budějovice (; german: Budweis ) is a city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 93,000 inhabitants. It is located in the valley of the Vltava River, at its confluence with the Malše. České Budějovice is the largest city in the region and its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of České Budějovice, of the University of South Bohemia, and of the Academy of Sciences. It is famous for the Budweiser Budvar Brewery. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation. Administrative parts České Budějovice is made up of seven city parts named České Budějovice 1–7. České Budějovice 5 forms an exclave of the municipal territory. Etymology The name Budějovice is derived from personal Slavic name ''Budivoj'', meaning "the village of the people of Budivoj". The name first appeared as ''Budoywicz'', then it appeared in various similar forms. The Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital, Prague, and one of the 100 largest cities of the EU. The Brno metropolitan area has almost 700,000 inhabitants. Brno is the former capital city of Moravia and the political and cultural hub of the South Moravian Region. It is the centre of the Czech judiciary, with the seats of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, and a number of state authorities, including the Ombudsman, and the Office for the Protection of Competition. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher education and about 89,000 students. Brno Exhibition Centre is among the largest exhibition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Tošovský
Josef Tošovský () (born 28 September 1950) is a Czech economist and former governor of Czech National Bank (from 1993 to 2000). From 17 December 1997 to 22 July 1998 he was the prime minister of the Czech Republic in a caretaker government. Career Tošovský studied international trade at the University of Economics, Prague from 1968 to 1973. After graduating, he was employed by the State Bank of Czechoslovakia, where he held a number of posts, including adviser to the chairman. He also worked in London during the 1980s at the branch office of Zivnostenska Banka. In 1989, he was appointed Governor of the State Bank. Following the split of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the establishment of the Czech National Bank, he was appointed Governor of the Czech National Bank on 20 January 1993. As Governor, Tošovský participated in drawing up the blueprint for economic reform and in implementing it in the monetary and banking areas. He took a leading part in drafting the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaroslav Kabeš
Jaroslav Kabeš (18 June 1896 – 15 August 1964) was a Czechoslovak economist and politician who served as Minister of Finance and Director of the National Bank of Czechoslovakia. Kabeš had also written works of philosophy, poetry and translations. Biography Kabeš attended high school and commercial academy in Chrudim from 1907 to 1914. During World War I he served in Italy and Russia. He then worked for various banks, including the Agrarian Bank (''Agrární banka''). Kabeš was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in 1921. He took part in the party's illegal work in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. From 1946 to 1954 he was a member of the Central Committee of the CPC, then until 1962 a member of the Central Revision and Control Commission of the CPC Central Committee. As early as September 1945, Kabeš was appointed General Manager of the Agricultural Bank (''Zemědělská banka'', formerly Agrarian Bank), in October 1946 first depu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imrich Karvaš
Imrich Karvaš (25 February 1903 – 22 February 1981) was a Slovak economist. Life Imrich Karvaš was born in Varšany, now Kalinčiakovo, on 25 February 1903. He entered the Law Faculty of Comenius University in Bratislava in 1921, graduating in 1925. After graduation he pursued further studies in Paris and Strasbourg before returning to Slovakia to combine the role of academic economist with working for major financial institutions. In 1938 he entered Jan Syrový's government as Minister without portfolio. With the establishment of the First Slovak Republic in 1939, he was appointed Governor of the Slovak National Bank, a position he combined with that of full professor of national economics at the University of Bratislava. In this capacity, he provided information to the Bratislava Working Group (a Jewish resistance group) about anti-Jewish measures. As the Governor of the Slovak National Bank he helped organize the Slovak National Uprising. To help finance the uprising he re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of Czechoslovakia
The dissolution of Czechoslovakia ( cs, Rozdělení Československa, sk, Rozdelenie Česko-Slovenska) took effect on December 31, 1992, and was the self-determined split of the federal republic of Czechoslovakia into the independent countries of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both mirrored the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic, which had been created in 1969 as the constituent states of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic until the end of 1989. It is sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce, a reference to the bloodless Velvet Revolution of 1989, which had led to the end of the rule of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Background Czechoslovakia was created with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I. In 1918, a meeting took place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, at which the future Czechoslovak President Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and other Czech and Slovak representatives signed the Pittsburgh Agreement, which prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Czechoslovakia
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: ''Komunistická strana Československa'', KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comintern. Between 1929 and 1953, it was led by Klement Gottwald. The KSČ was the sole governing party in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic though it was a leading party along with the Slovak branch and four other legally permitted non-communist parties. After its election victory in 1946, it seized power in the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état and established a one-party state allied with the Soviet Union. Nationalization of virtually all private enterprises followed, and a command economy was implemented. The KSČ was committed to the pursuit of communism, and after Joseph Stalin's rise to power Marxism–Leninism became formalized as the party's guiding ideology and would remain so throughout the rest of its existence. Consequently, party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Reichsbank
The ''Reichsbank'' (; 'Bank of the Reich, Bank of the Realm') was the central bank of the German Reich from 1876 until 1945. History until 1933 The Reichsbank was founded on 1 January 1876, shortly after the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. It was the central bank of Prussia, under the close control of the Reich government. Its first president was Hermann von Dechend. Before unification in 1871, Germany had 31 central banks – the Notenbanken ("note banks"). Each of the independent states issued their own money. In 1870, a law was passed that forbade the formation of further central banks. In 1874, a draft banking law was introduced in the ''Reichstag'', the federal legislature of the German Reich. After several changes and compromises, the law was passed in 1875. Despite the creation of the Reichsbank, however, four of the ''Notenbanken'' – Baden, Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg – continued to exist until 1914 . The Reichsbank experienced both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metric Ton
The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton (United States customary units), and the long ton ( British imperial units). It is equivalent to approximately 2204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons, and 0.984 long tons. The official SI unit is the megagram (symbol: Mg), a less common way to express the same mass. Symbol and abbreviations The BIPM symbol for the tonne is t, adopted at the same time as the unit in 1879.Table 6 . BIPM. Retrieved on 2011-07-10. Its use is also official for the metric ton in the United States, having been adopted by the United States |
