|
National Administrative Council
The National Administrative Council (NAC) was the executive council of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), a British socialist party which was active from 1893 until 1975. Creation The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was founded at a conference in Bradford in 1893 by a large number of localised organisations. Delegates wished there to be a body which would implement policy between conferences, and also raise funds, and select candidates for Parliamentary elections. However, the local organisations did not wish the new body to have too much power, requiring it not to initiate any policy which had not been approved by a conference, and to emphasise this subordinate nature, it was decided to name it the "National Administrative Council", rather than "Executive Committee". The first NAC was elected on a regional basis, with five seats for the Northern Counties, four for London, three for Scotland, and three for the Midland Counties. The membership was: There were many candidates f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates, representing the interests of the majority. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman. The party was positioned to the left of Ramsay MacDonald's Labour Representation Committee, which was founded in 1900 and soon renamed the Labour Party, and to which the ILP was affiliated from 1906 to 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation rejoined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975. Organisational history Background As the nineteenth century came to a close, working-class representation in political office became a great concern for many Britons. Many who sought the election of working men and thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Field (trade Unionist)
Arthur George Field (13 July 1869 – 6 December 1944) was a British trade unionist and socialist activist. Born in Isleworth, then in Middlesex, Field grew up in Maidstone in Kent. He joined the National Secular Society, and at one of its local meetings became aware of the Democratic Federation. He joined the organisation, of which he remained a largely inactive member for many years, even joining its successor, the British Socialist Party. He became involved in debating societies, and in 1888 was the founding secretary of the town's Central Debating Society, which he launched with two debates on socialism.Bruce Aubry, "Field, Arthur George", In the run-up to the 1888 Maidstone by-election, Field worked with George Bateman, Will Parnell and Henry Hyde Champion to found the Maidstone Labour Electoral Association (LEA). The Liberal Party candidate, John Barker, agreed to support a maximum eight hour working day, and on this basis, Field and the LEA supported him. The org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ben Tillett
Benjamin Tillett (11 September 1860 – 27 January 1943) was a British socialist, trade union leader and politician. He was a leader of the "new unionism" of 1889 that focused on organizing unskilled workers. He played a major role in founding the Dockers Union, and played a prominent role as a strike leader in dock strikes in 1911 and 1912. He enthusiastically supported the war effort in the First World War. He was pushed aside by Ernest Bevin during the consolidation that created the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1922, who gave Tillett a subordinate position. Scholars stress his evangelical dedication to the labour cause, while noting his administrative weaknesses. Clegg Fox and Thompson described him as a demagogue and agitator grasping for fleeting popularity. Early career Tillett was born in Bristol. He started work in a brickyard at eight years of age and was a "Risley" boy for two years. At 12 years of age, he served for six months on a fishing smack, was afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Tattersall (politician)
James Tattersall (born 1859) was a British political activist. Born in Brighouse, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Tattersall left school when he was nine, and found work in a silk mill. In 1880, he moved to Halifax to work at Clayton, Murgatroyd and Company, and began studying at night school. He joined a trade union of silk workers in 1884, and in 1889 was a founder of Halifax Trades Council. Tattersall was at first a supporter of the Liberal Party, serving on the Halifax Liberal Executive. He was a supporter of the Manningham Mills Strike, and this led him to promote the idea of Liberal-Labour candidates. However, the Liberal Party was not receptive to the idea of standing working men in elections. In 1891, Tattersall was a founder of both the Halifax Labour Electoral Association (LEA), and the Halifax Fabian Society. In January 1892 he stood in the Halifax School Board election as an LEA candidate, alongside Albert Thornton. The two topped the poll, winning seats o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonard Hall (socialist)
William Leonard Hall (1866 – 29 June 1916) was a British people, British trade union leader, journalist, and socialist activist, who held prominent positions in the Independent Labour Party. Biography Born in Windermere, Cumbria (town), Windermere, a part of Cumberland at the time, he was one of six children of Spencer Timothy Hall, a Homeopathy, homeopath with degrees from the University of Tübingen and University of Cincinnati. However, these degrees were not recognised in the UK, leaving the family in financial difficulty. Leonard left school at the age of thirteen to work delivering parcels. He undertook various jobs until he was sixteen, when he became a sailor. He travelled to the United States, and worked there for a time, including a stint as a cowboy. In the United States, Hall joined the Knights of Labor. He moved to Manchester in England in 1888, becoming leader of the local branch of the Socialist League (UK, 1885), Socialist League. He worked part-time as a journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Brocklehurst
Frederick Brocklehurst (1866–1926) was a British political activist best known for his early involvement in the socialist movement. Brocklehurst began working in a silk mill when only ten years old. He subsequently worked at the presses of the ''Manchester Courier'' newspaper, before obtaining a scholarship to Queens' College, Cambridge, where he graduated in law.Leon Fink, ''Workers Across the Americas: The Transnational Turn in Labor History'' An activist in the Labour Church, he returned to Manchester after John Trevor passed the church leadership to him.James R. Moore, ''The Transformation of Urban Liberalism'', p.282 He was a founder member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and in 1894 was elected to its national council. Brocklehurst stood for the ILP in Bolton at the 1895 general election. In 1896, Brocklehurst was arrested and imprisoned for giving a speech at Boggart Hole Clough Park, on behalf of the ILP. This was in contravention of a controversial new by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Snowden
Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, PC (; 18 July 1864 – 15 May 1937) was a British politician. A strong speaker, he became popular in trade union circles for his denunciation of capitalism as unethical and his promise of a socialist utopia. He was the first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer, a position he held in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931. He broke with Labour policy in 1931, and was expelled from the party and excoriated as a turncoat, as the party was overwhelmingly crushed that year by the National Government coalition that Snowden supported. He was succeeded as Chancellor by Neville Chamberlain. Early life: 1864–1906 Snowden was born in Cowling in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father John Snowden had been a weaver and a supporter of Chartism, and later a Gladstonian liberal. Snowden later wrote in his autobiography: "I was brought up in this Radical atmosphere, and it was then that I imbibed the political and social principles which I have held fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce Glasier
John Bruce Glasier (25 March 1859 – 4 June 1920) was a Scottish socialist politician, associated mainly with the Independent Labour Party. He was opposed to the First World War. Biography Glasier was born in Glasgow as John Bruce, but grew up near Newton Ayr. After the death of his father in 1870, he returned to Glasgow and followed his mother in adding the additional name of "Glasier", thereafter using Bruce as his middle name. He became involved with the Irish Land League's activities in Scotland, and in 1884 was a founder member of the Scottish Land Restoration League, while also joining the Social Democratic Federation (SDF). He joined the Socialist League split from the SDF, becoming the secretary of its Glasgow branch until 1889. In 1893, he joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). In that year he married Katherine St John Conway. Glasier soon became one of the four main ILP leaders, and the editor of ''ILP News'', succeeding Keir Hardie as chairman of the party i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramsay Macdonald
James Ramsay MacDonald (; 12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931. From 1931 to 1935, he headed a National Government dominated by the Conservative Party and supported by only a few Labour members. MacDonald was expelled from the Labour Party as a result. MacDonald, along with Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, was one of the three principal founders of the Labour Party in 1900. He was chairman of the Labour MPs before 1914 and, after an eclipse in his career caused by his opposition to the First World War, he was Leader of the Labour Party from 1922. The second Labour Government (1929–1931) was dominated by the Great Depression. He formed the National Government to carry out spending cuts to defend the gold standard, but it had to be abandoned after the Invergordon Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keir Hardie
James Keir Hardie (15 August 185626 September 1915) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician. He was a founder of the Labour Party, and served as its first parliamentary leader from 1906 to 1908. Hardie was born in Newhouse, Lanarkshire. He started working at the age of seven, and from the age of 10 worked in the Lanarkshire coal mines. With a background in preaching, he became known as a talented public speaker and was chosen as a spokesman for his fellow miners. In 1879, Hardie was elected leader of a miners' union in Hamilton and organised a National Conference of Miners in Dunfermline. He subsequently led miners' strikes in Lanarkshire (1880) and Ayrshire (1881). He turned to journalism to make ends meet, and from 1886 was a full-time union organiser as secretary of the Ayrshire Miners' Union. Hardie initially supported William Gladstone's Liberal Party, but later concluded that the working class needed its own party. He first stood for parliament in 1888 as an indepen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plurality-at-large Voting
Plurality block voting, also known as plurality-at-large voting, block vote or block voting (BV) is a non- proportional voting system for electing representatives in multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number of seats to be filled. The usual result where the candidates divide into parties is that the most popular party in the district sees its full slate of candidates elected in a seemingly landslide victory. The term "plurality at-large" is in common usage in elections for representative members of a body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body (for example, a city, state or province, nation, club or association). Where the system is used in a territory divided into multi-member electoral districts the system is commonly referred to as "block voting" or the "bloc vote". These systems are usually based on a single round of voting, but can also be used in the runoffs of majority-at-large voting, as in some local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 United Kingdom General Election
The 1895 United Kingdom general election was held from 13 July to 7 August 1895. William Gladstone had retired as Prime Minister the previous year, and Queen Victoria, disregarding Gladstone's advice to name Lord Spencer as his successor, appointed the Earl of Rosebery as the new Prime Minister. Rosebery's government found itself largely in a state of paralysis due to a power struggle between him and William Harcourt, the Liberal leader in the Commons. The situation came to a head on 21 June, when Parliament voted to dismiss Secretary of State for War Henry Campbell-Bannerman; Rosebery, realising that the government would likely not survive a motion of no confidence were one to be brought, promptly resigned as Prime Minister. Conservative leader Lord Salisbury was subsequently re-appointed for a third spell as Prime Minister, and promptly called a new election. The election was won by the Conservatives, who continued their alliance with the Liberal Unionist Party and won a l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
