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Nangeli
The story of Nangeli depicts a Ezhava woman to have lived in the early 19th century in Cherthala in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore in India, and supposedly cut off her breasts in an effort to protest against a tax on breast. Viewed as a village tale, it is not mentioned in any of the historical records. It gained much attention since the publication of a 2016 BBC article on this subject. Legend According to the legend, Nangeli and her husband Chirukandan belonged to the Ezhava caste and were toddy tappers, and in the early years of the 19th century, the ''pravathiyar'' (village officer) of Travancore came to Nangeli's home to survey her breasts and collect the breast tax. Nangeli revolted against the harassment; chopping off her breasts and presenting them to him in a plantain leaf. She died soon from loss of blood and her husband Chirukandan, seeing her mutilated body was overcome by grief and jumped into her funeral pyre. The couple was childless. After her death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breast Tax
The "breast tax" (or in Malayalam) was a head tax imposed on women belonging to Nadar, Ezhava and other lower caste communities by the Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India). The term "breast tax" had nothing to do with breasts, instead, the term refers to a gender-specific tax levied from women. According to subaltern beliefs the breast tax was imposed on lower class women if they covered their breasts. This belief has been questioned, as lower class women "were not allowed to wear upper garments in public" at all until 1859. Head tax The "breast tax" ( or in Malayalam) was a head tax imposed on the Nadars, Ezhavars and lower caste communities by the Kingdom of Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India). They were expected to pay the tax when they became laborers, about the age of fourteen. The lower caste men had to pay a similar tax, called tala-karam, "moustache tax," independent from their wealth or income. 'Breast-cover tax' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breast Tax
The "breast tax" (or in Malayalam) was a head tax imposed on women belonging to Nadar, Ezhava and other lower caste communities by the Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India). The term "breast tax" had nothing to do with breasts, instead, the term refers to a gender-specific tax levied from women. According to subaltern beliefs the breast tax was imposed on lower class women if they covered their breasts. This belief has been questioned, as lower class women "were not allowed to wear upper garments in public" at all until 1859. Head tax The "breast tax" ( or in Malayalam) was a head tax imposed on the Nadars, Ezhavars and lower caste communities by the Kingdom of Kingdom of Tranvancore (in present-day Kerala state of India). They were expected to pay the tax when they became laborers, about the age of fourteen. The lower caste men had to pay a similar tax, called tala-karam, "moustache tax," independent from their wealth or income. 'Breast-cover tax' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathonpatham Noottandu
''Pathonpatham Noottandu'' () is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language action period drama film written and directed by Vinayan. Set in the 19th century Travancore, the story is based on the life of Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker, a warrior who fought against social injustices suffered by the lower caste. The film stars Siju Wilson in the lead role, alongside Kayadu Lohar, Anoop Menon, Chemban Vinod Jose, Deepti Sati, Poonam Bajwa, and Senthil Krishna in important roles. The background score was composed by Santhosh Narayanan and songs were composed by M. Jayachandran. ''Pathonpatham Noottandu'' was released in theatres on 8 September 2022. Plot A young Velayudha Chekavar from Arattupuzha arrives at the English East India Company headquarters at Travancore for asking a lord for a permit to export cardamom. There he watches a brutal fighting contested between slaves conducted by the English officers along with some nobles and other guests. When the winner is coerced by the officer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chithrakaran Murali
Chithrakaran Murali (Murali T) is an artist from Kerala, India. One of his works is based on fictional folklore Nangeli. The work of Murali has been recognised by news media including the BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ... .... A case has been registered against the blog Aathmagathangal ’ by Murali over alleged obscene content in the post. Murali moved an anticipatory bail application before the Kannur Town Police. The state cyber cell has forwarded the complaint to the police for further investigation. The blog debates the Brahminical attitudes of Kerala society against the backdrop of media's depictions of gods and goddesses. The blog tries to show caste and race deep within the Malayali psyche through the way people address issues. Some bloggers have come up in o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poll Tax
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments from ancient times until the 19th century. In the United Kingdom, poll taxes were levied by the governments of John of Gaunt in the 14th century, Charles II in the 17th and Margaret Thatcher in the 20th century. In the United States, voting poll taxes (whose payment was a precondition to voting in an election) have been used to disenfranchise impoverished and minority voters (especially under Reconstruction). By their very nature, poll taxes are considered regressive. Many other economists brand them as highly harmful taxes for low incomes (100 monetary units of a fortune of 10,000 represent 1% of said wealth, while 100 monetary units of a fortune of 500 represents 20%). Its acceptance or "neutrality" (there is no truly neutral tax on the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannagi (Tamil Mythology)
Kannagi ( ta, கண்ணகி) sometimes spelled Kannaki, is a legendary Tamil woman who forms the central character of the Tamil epic ''Cilappatikaram''. Kannagi is described as the chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his unfaithfulness, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her husband had lost everything but repented, how her husband is falsely framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice. Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai leading to the death of the unjust Pandyan King of Madurai, who had wrongfully put her husband Kovalan to death. The society that had made her suffer, suffers in retribution as the city Madurai is burnt to the ground because of her curse. In the Chera (Kerala) and Tamil tradition, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinayan
T. G. Vinayakumar (born 16 May 1957), professionally credited as Vinayan, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, and lyricist, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and occasionally in Tamil cinema. Early life Vinayan is from Kuttanad, Kerala, India. Career Vinayan started his career with the film ''Super Star''. And he has directed the following films like ''Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum'', ''Akasha ganga 2, Karumadikkuttan'', ''Oomappenninu Uriyadappayyan'', ''Dada Sahib'', '' Vellinakshatram'', ''Aakasha Ganga'', ''Rakshasa Rajavu'', '' Kalyana Sougandhikam'', ''Kasi'' (Tamil), Enn mana vaanil, Independence, Sathyam, Albhuthadweep, Athishayan, Dracula and ''Sipayi Lahala''. The genres of his films include comedy, horror, action, fantasy and family drama. Vinayan also introduced a handful of actors and singers in the Malayalam film industry. Jayasurya, Indrajith Sukumaran, Anoop Menon, Honey Rose, Priyamani, Manikkuttan, Suresh Krishna, Meghana Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misnomer
A misnomer is a name that is incorrectly or unsuitably applied. Misnomers often arise because something was named long before its correct nature was known, or because an earlier form of something has been replaced by a later form to which the name no longer suitably applies. A misnomer may also be simply a word that someone uses incorrectly or misleadingly. The word "misnomer" does not mean " misunderstanding" or " popular misconception", and a number of misnomers remain in common usage — which is to say that a word being a misnomer does not necessarily make usage of the word incorrect. Sources of misnomers Some of the sources of misnomers are: * An older name being retained after the thing named has changed (e.g., tin can, mince meat pie, steamroller, tin foil, clothes iron, digital darkroom). This is essentially a metaphorical extension with the older item standing for anything filling its role. * Transference of a well-known product brand name into a genericized tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ezhava
The Ezhavas () are a community with origins in the region of India presently known as Kerala, where in the 2010s they constituted about 23% of the population and were reported to be the largest Hindu community. They are also known as ''Ilhava'', ''Irava'', ''Izhava'' and ''Erava'' in the south of the region; as ''Chovas'', ''Chokons'' and ''Chogons'' in Central Travancore; and as ''Thiyyar'', ''Tiyyas'' and ''Theeyas'' in the Malabar region. Some are also known as ''Thandan'', which has caused administrative difficulties due to the presence of a distinct caste of Thandan in the same region. The Malabar Ezhava Pullapilly (1976) pp. 31–32 group have claimed a higher ranking in the Hindu caste system than do the others, although from the perspective of the colonial and subsequent administrations they were treated as being of similar rank. Nossiter (1982) p. 30 Ezhava dynasties such as the Mannanar existed in Kerala. Pullapilly (1976) pp. 31–32 The Chekavar, a warrior section wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manu S
Manu may refer to: Geography *Manú Province, a province of Peru, in the Madre de Dios Region **Manú National Park, Peru **Manú River, in southeastern Peru *Manu River (Tripura), which originates in India and flows into Bangladesh *Manu Temple, a summit in the Grand Canyon, United States *Manu, Tripura, a village in Tripura, India *Manu, a village in Topliţa Commune, Hunedoara County, Romania *Manu, a village in Tâmna Commune, Mehedinţi County, Romania *Moku Manu, an island in the Hawaiian islands As a given name Actors *Manu Bennett (born 1969), New Zealand actor, best known as "Crixus" on the television series ''Spartacus: Blood and Sand'' *Manu Intiraymi (born 1978), American actor, best known as "Icheb" on the television series ''Star Trek: Voyager'' *Manu Narayan (born 1973), American actor, and lead singer of the band DARUNAM *Manu Payet (born 1975), French actor, comedian, radio and television presenter *Manu Rishi (born 1971), Indian actor *Manu Tupou (1935–2004), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherthala
Cherthala, , (formerly Shertalai, Shertallai or Shertallay) is a Municipal town and a Taluk located at National highway 66 in the district of Alappuzha, in the state of Kerala, India. Cherthala is the satellite town and industrial hub of Alappuzha. In the local administration, Cherthala is a municipality, while in the state administrative structure Cherthala is a taluk and its headquarters are in the district of Alappuzha. Etymology According to local legend, Vilwamangalam Swamiyar, the Kerala Hindu saint, while travelling through Cherthala, found an idol of the Devi with its head immersed in a muddy pond. The swami understood the divinity of the idol, took it out of the mud, cleaned it and consecrated it in a temple near the pond. Thus the place is believed to have gotten its name as ''cher'' meaning "mud" and ''thala'' meaning "head" in Malayalam. The deity of the temple has the name ''Cherthala Karthiyayani''. Climate Demographics According to 2011 census report, Chert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerala
Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Thiruvithamkoor. Spread over , Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. The Chera dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala. The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north formed the other kingdoms in the early years of the Common Era (CE). The region had been a prominent spic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
