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Names Of The Romani People
The Romani people are also known by a variety of other names; in English as ''gypsies'' or ''gipsies'', and ''Roma''; in Greek as (''gíftoi'') or (''tsiggánoi''), in Central and Eastern Europe as ''Tsingani'' (and variants); in France as ''gitans'' besides the dated terms ''bohémiens'' and ''manouches''; in Italy as ''rom'' and ''sinti'' besides the dated terms ''zingari'', ''zigani'', and ''gitani''; in Spain as ''gitanos''; and in Portugal as ''ciganos''. Self-designation also varies: In Central and Eastern Europe, ''Roma'' is common. The Romani of England call themselves (in Angloromani) ''Romanichal'', those of Scandinavia (in Scandinavian romanidialect)'' Romanisæl''. In German-speaking Europe, the self-designation is ''Sinti'', in France '' Manush'', while the groups of Spain, Wales, and Finland use ''Kalo/Kale'' (from ''kalo'' meaning "black" in Romani language). There are numerous subgroups and clans with their own self-designations, such as the Kalderash, Machva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Census In The United Kingdom
Coincident full censuses have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the United Kingdom every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during the Second World War), Ireland in 1921/Northern Ireland in 1931,https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/1926-census-preliminary-report.PDF and Scotland in 2021. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to regional and local service providers by the UK government. The most recent UK census took place in England, Wales and Northern Ireland on 21 March 2021. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the census in Scotland was delayed to 20 March 2022. History Tax assessments (known in the later Empire as the indiction) were made in Britain in Roman times, but detailed records have not survived. In the 7th century AD, Dál Riata (parts of what is now Scotland and Northern Ireland) co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manouche
Romani people in France, generally known in spoken French as ''gitans'', ''tsiganes'' or ''manouches'', are an ethnic group that originated in Northern India. The exact number of Romani people in France is unknown; estimates vary from 500,000 to 1,200,000. Origin The Romani people originated in Northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan and Punjab. The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a large part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines. More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi. It shares many phonetic features with Marwari, while its grammar is closest to Bengali. Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group. According to a genetic study in 2012, the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and schedul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endonym
An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, or linguistic community in question; it is their self-designated name for themselves, their homeland, or their language. An exonym (from Greek: , 'outer' + , 'name'; also known as xenonym) is an established, ''non-native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used only outside that particular place, group, or linguistic community. Exonyms exist not only for historico-geographical reasons but also in consideration of difficulties when pronouncing foreign words. For instance, is the endonym for the country that is also known by the exonym ''Germany'' in English, in Spanish and in French. Naming and etymology The terms ''autonym'', ''endonym'', ''exonym'' and ''x ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly Temperate climate, temperate-continental climate, and an area of , with a population of around 19 million. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați. The Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a southeasterly direction for , before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gypsy
The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with significant concentrations in the Americas. In the English language, the Romani people are widely known by the exonym Gypsies (or Gipsies), which is considered pejorative by many Romani people due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity as well as its historical use as a racial slur. For versions (some of which are cognates) of the word in many other languages (e.g., , , it, zingaro, , and ) this perception is either very small or non-existent. At the first World Romani Congress in 1971, its attendees unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Romani people, including ''Gypsy'', due to their aforementioned negative and stereotypical connotations. Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Roma originated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lăutari
The Romanian word lăutar (; plural: ''lăutari'') denotes a class of musicians. The term was adopted by members of a professional clan of Romani musicians in the late XVIII century. The term is derived from ''lăută'', the Romanian word for lute. ''Lăutari'' usually perform in bands, called taraf. Terminology ''Lăutar'', according to the DEX ("Dicționarul Explicativ al Limbii Române" — "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language"), is formed from ''lăută'' (meaning "lute") and the agent suffix ''-ar'', common for occupational names. Originally, the word was used only for the peasant romanian musicians who played the ''lăută''. A distinction should be made between the generic Romanian-language word ''lăutar'' and the Romani clan. The others were named after their instruments, too, e.g.: ''scripcar'' ( scripcă player), '' cobzar'' (cobza player), and ''naingiu'' ( nai/panflute player). From the 17th century, the word ''lăutar'' was used regardless of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xoraxai
Xoraxane Roma in Balkan Romani language, are non- Vlax Romani people, who adopted Sunni Islam of Hanafi madhab at the time of the Ottoman Empire. Some of them are Derviş of Sufism belief, and the biggest Tariqa of Jerrahi is located at the largest Arlije and Gurbeti Muslim Roma settlement in Europe in Šuto Orizari, locally called ''Shutka'' in North Macedonia have their own Romani Imamand the Muslim Roma in Šuto Orizari use the Quran in Balkan Romani language. Many Romanlar in Turkey, are members of the Hindiler Tekkesi a Qadiriyya-Tariqa, founded in 1738 by the Indian Muslim Sheykh Seyfullah Efendi El Hindi in Selamsız.YÖK Açık Bilim Muslim Roma practice |
Modyar
Carpathian Romani, also known as Central Romani or Romungro Romani, is a group of dialects of the Romani language spoken from southern Poland to Hungary, and from eastern Austria to Ukraine. North Central Romani is one of a dozen major dialect groups within Romani, an Indo-Aryan language of Europe. The North Central dialects of Romani are traditionally spoken by some subethnic groups of the Romani people in Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia (with the exception of its southwestern and south-central regions), southeastern Poland, the Transcarpathia province of Ukraine, and parts of Romanian Transylvania. There are also established outmigrant communities of North Central Romani speakers in the United States, and recent outmigrant communities in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, and some other Western European countries. Dialects Elšík uses this classification and dialect examples (geographical information from Matras): See also * Languages of Poland * Languages of Hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lovari (Roma)
Lovari ("horse-dealer", from Hungarian "ló", ''horse'') is a subgroup of the Romani people, who speak their own dialect, influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. They live predominantly throughout Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany) as well as in Southeastern Europe (Romania, Croatia, and northern Serbia). Ethnology The ''Lovari'' are a Romani people who speak a dialect influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. Their language is classified under Vlax Romani. The Lovari are further divided into the Machvaya, named after the Mačva region, which they settled from modern day Hungary. Employment Historically, their trade is horse-trading and fortune-telling. Customs Lovari's traditional costume is based on traditional Central European Romani national costumes and is seldom used nowadays. They also have very strict contamination customs. Diaspora Tucson, Arizona and Hamilton, Ontario house large numbers of Machvaya. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boyash
Boyash or ''Bayash'' (endonym: ''Bȯjáṡ'', Romanian: ''Băieși'', Hungarian: ''Beás'', Slovak: ''Bojáš'', South Slavic: ''Bojaši'') refers to a Romani ethnic group living in Romania, southern Hungary, northeastern and northwestern Croatia, western Vojvodina, Slovakia, the Balkans, but also in the Americas. Alternative names are Rudari (Ludari), Lingurari and Zlătari. History The Boyash are a branch/caste of the Roma who were forced to settle in the 14th century in the Apuseni Mountains, located in Transylvania, and work as slaves in mining (a regionalism for ''mine'' in Romanian: "baie," from Middle Age Slavonic). At the end of the 16th century the Boyash started migrating towards the south, in Wallachia, and the east, in Moldavia, where they were held as slaves together with other Romani groups (until the slavery was abolished in 1855–56). Another name for the Boyash, ''Rudari'', comes from the Slavic ''ruda'' ("metal", "ore"). As the mines became ineffic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machvaya
Lovari ("horse-dealer", from Hungarian "ló", ''horse'') is a subgroup of the Romani people, who speak their own dialect, influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. They live predominantly throughout Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany) as well as in Southeastern Europe (Romania, Croatia, and northern Serbia). Ethnology The ''Lovari'' are a Romani people who speak a dialect influenced by Hungarian and West Slavic dialects. Their language is classified under Vlax Romani. The Lovari are further divided into the Machvaya, named after the Mačva region, which they settled from modern day Hungary. Employment Historically, their trade is horse-trading and fortune-telling. Customs Lovari's traditional costume is based on traditional Central European Romani national costumes and is seldom used nowadays. They also have very strict contamination customs. Diaspora Tucson, Arizona and Hamilton, Ontario house large numbers of Machvaya. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalderash
The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Romani people. They were traditionally coppersmiths and metal workers and speak a number of Romani dialects grouped together under the term Kalderash Romani, a sub-group of Vlax Romani. The Kalderash of the Balkans and Central Europe, in addition to the Gitanos and Manouche/Sinti, are seen as one of the three main confederations ( rom, natsiya) of Romani people in Europe by certain ethnographers. The Kalderash are recognized as the most numerous confederation of the three. Each main confederation is further split up into two or more subgroups ( rom, vitsa) based on a combination of factors such as occupation, ancestry, or territorial origin. Although originally referring to a specific vitsa of traditional coppersmiths, the name Kalderash is now applied to several Vlax-Speaking Roma groups. Because of this, significant differences in speech and culture can be seen in Western and Eastern Kalderash populations; as evidenced in the differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
