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Naematelia
''Naematelia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Naemateliaceae. All ''Naematelia'' species are parasites of other fungi (''Stereum'' species) and produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Four species of ''Naematelia'' are currently recognized worldwide. One species, '' Naematelia aurantialba'', is commercially cultivated for food. Taxonomy History ''Naematelia'' was introduced in 1816 by Elias Magnus Fries for fungal fruit bodies having a gelatinous outer layer and a hard inner core, as in the type species '' Naematelia encephala''. The name was subsequently used by some mycologists, whilst others considered ''Naematelia'' synonymous with ''Tremella'' since its basidia were ''Tremella''-like. In a 1961 paper, American mycologist Robert Bandoni showed that the hard inner core of ''Naematelia encephala'' was composed largely of host tissue ('' Stereum sanguinolentum'') and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naematelia Encephala
''Naematelia encephala'' (synonym ''Tremella encephala'') is a species of fungus producing pink, brain-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies). It is widespread in north temperate regions and is parasitic on another species of fungus (''Stereum sanguinolentum'') that grows on dead attached and recently fallen branches of conifers. In the UK, its recommended English name is conifer brain. Taxonomy ''Tremella encephala'' was first published in 1801 by Dutch mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, based on an earlier description by Carl Ludwig Willdenow who had described the species from Germany as ''Tremella encephaliformis''. In 1818, it was selected by Elias Magnus Fries as the type species of ''Naematelia'', a new genus proposed by Fries to accommodate fungi having gelatinous basidiocarps with a hard or compact core. It was not until 1961 that this central core was shown by American mycologist Robert Bandoni to be the remains of the host fungus, ''Stereum sanguinolentum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella
''Tremella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All ''Tremella'' species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of ''Tremella'' (in its wide sense) are currently recognized worldwide. One species, ''Tremella fuciformis'', is commercially cultivated for food. Taxonomy History ''Tremella'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. The name comes from the Latin ''tremere'' meaning "to tremble". Linnaeus placed ''Tremella'' in the algae, including within it a variety of gelatinous growths, including seaweeds, cyanobacteria, and myxomycetes, as well as fungi. Subsequent authors added additional species to this mix, until Persoon revised ''Tremella'' in 1794 and 1801, repositioning the genus within the fungi. Persoon's reinterpretation of ''Tremella'' was sufficient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naemateliaceae
The Naemateliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Tremellales. The family currently contains two genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q27685062 Tremellomycetes Naemateliaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naematelia Aurantialba
''Naematelia aurantialba'' (synonym ''Tremella aurantialba'') is a species of fungus A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ... producing yellow, frondose, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) parasitic on fruit bodies of another fungus, '' Stereum hirsutum'', on broadleaf trees. In China, where it is called ''jīn'ěr'' ( 金 耳; literally "golden ear"), it is cultivated for both food and medical purposes. References External links''Tremella aurantialba'' page(Chinese) ''Tremella aurantialba'' page(Chinese)(Chinese) Tremellomycetes Fungi of Asia Chinese edible mushrooms Fungi in cultivation Fungi described in 1990 {{Agaricomycotina-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiophores
A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an Asexual reproduction, asexual, non-motility, motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The Morphology (biology), morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium#Species, Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospores
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus ''Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sterigmata
In biology, a sterigma (pl. sterigmata) is a small supporting structure. It commonly refers to an extension of the basidium (the spore-bearing cells) consisting of a basal filamentous part and a slender projection which carries a spore at the tip. The sterigmata are formed on the basidium as it develops and undergoes meiosis, to result in the production of (typically) four nuclei. The nuclei gradually migrate to the tips of the basidium, and one nucleus will migrate into each spore that develops at the tip of each sterigma. In less common usage, a sterigma is a structure within the posterior end of the genitalia of female Lepidoptera. It also refers to the stem-like structure, also called a "woody peg" at the base of the leaves of some, but not all conifers, specifically ''Picea'' and ''Tsuga ''Tsuga'' (, from Japanese (), the name of ''Tsuga sieboldii'') is a genus of conifers in the subfamily Abietoideae of Pinaceae, the pine family. The common name hemlock is derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidia
A basidium () is a microscopic sporangium (a spore-producing structure) found on the hymenophore of fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi which are also called tertiary mycelium, developed from secondary mycelium. Tertiary mycelium is highly-coiled secondary myceliuma dikaryon. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight. In a typical basidium, each basidiospore is borne at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (), and is forcibly discharged upon maturity. The word ''basidium'' literally means "little pedestal", from the way in which the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure more closely resembles a club. An immature basidium is known as a basidiole. Structure Most basidiomycota have single celled basidia (holobasidia), but in some groups basidia can be multice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haustoria
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function. Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level. The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word ''haustor'' meaning ''the one who draws, drains or drinks'', and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth. In fungi Fungi in all major divisions form haustoria. Haustoria take several forms. Generally, on penetration, the fungus increases the surface ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereum Sanguinolentum
''Stereum sanguinolentum'' is a species of fungus in the Stereaceae family. A plant pathogen, it causes red heart rot, a red discoloration on conifers, particularly spruces or Douglas-firs. Fruit bodies are produced on dead wood, or sometimes on dead branches of living trees. They are a thin leathery crust of the wood surface. Fresh fruit bodies will bleed a red-colored juice if injured, reflected in the common names bleeding Stereum or the bleeding conifer parchment. It can be the host of the parasitic jelly fungus '' Tremella encephala''. Taxonomy The species was first described scientifically by Albertini and Schweinitz in 1805 as ''Thelephora sanguinolenta''. Other genera to which it has been transferred throughout its taxonomical history include ''Phlebomorpha'', ''Auricularia'', ''Merulius'', and ''Haematostereum''. The fungus is commonly known as the "bleeding Stereum" or the "bleeding conifer parchment". Description The fruit body of ''Stereum sanguinolentum'' manifest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphae
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Mesenterica
''Tremella mesenterica'' ( common names include yellow brain, golden jelly fungus, yellow trembler, and witches' butter) is a common jelly fungus in the family Tremellaceae of the Agaricomycotina. It is most frequently found on dead but attached and on recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus ''Peniophora''. The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp. It grows in crevices in bark, appearing during rainy weather. Within a few days after rain it dries into a thin film or shriveled mass capable of reviving after subsequent rain. This fungus occurs widely in deciduous and mixed forests and is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions that include Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Although considered bland and flavorless, the fungus is edible. ''Tremella mesenterica'' produces ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
