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NARAL
NARAL Pro-Choice America, commonly known as simply NARAL ( ), is a non-profit 501(c)(4) organization in the United States that engages in lobbying, political action, and advocacy efforts to oppose restrictions on abortion, to expand access to abortion and birth control, and to support paid parental leave and protection against pregnancy discrimination. NARAL is associated with the NARAL Pro-Choice America Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization, and the NARAL Pro-Choice America PAC, a political action committee. Founded in 1969, NARAL is the oldest extant abortion rights advocacy group in the United States, though it was predated by a few now-defunct groups including the Society for Humane Abortion and the Association for the Study of Abortion. History The precursor to NARAL was the Association to Repeal Abortion Laws (ARAL). ARAL was an expansion of the "Army of Three" which was made up of abortion rights activists Pat Maginnis, Rowena Gurner, and financial investor Lana P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Nathanson
Bernard N. Nathanson (July 31, 1926 – February 21, 2011) was an American medical doctor and co-founder, in 1969, of the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws (NARAL), later renamed National Abortion Rights Action League. He was also the former director of New York City's Center for Reproductive and Sexual Health, but later became an anti-abortion activist. He was the narrator for the controversial 1984 anti-abortion film '' The Silent Scream''. Early life and education Nathanson was born in New York City. His father was an obstetrician/gynecologist,Vincent, Stephen (21 February 2011)"Bernard Nathanson Dead at 84" ''National Catholic Register'', EWTN NEWS. Retrieved 21 February 2011. the same career that Nathanson held in his professional life. Nathanson earned his undergraduate degree at Cornell University and in 1949 graduated with a medical degree from McGill University Faculty of Medicine in Montreal. Career Nathanson was licensed to practice medicine in Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan ( February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American feminist writer and activist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book ''The Feminine Mystique'' is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. In 1966, Friedan co-founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which aimed to bring women "into the mainstream of American society now nfully equal partnership with men". In 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Friedan organized the nationwide Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, the 50th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote. The national strike was successful beyond expectations in broadening the feminist movement; the march led by Friedan in New York City alone attracted over 50,000 people. In 1971, Friedan joined other leading feminists to establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortion-rights Movements
Abortion-rights movements, also referred to as pro-choice movements, advocate for the right to have legal access to induced abortion services including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash. These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements. The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or to restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted. Terminology Many of the terms used in the debate are political framing terms used to validate one's own stance while invalidating the opposition's. For example, the labels pro-choice and pro-life imply endorsement of widely he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Association For The Study Of Abortion
The Association for the Study of Abortion (ASA) was an American organization founded around 1965 dedicated to the study of abortion and advocacy for the liberalization of abortion law. Its founding members included the obstetrician-gynecologists Alan F. Guttmacher (then president of Planned Parenthood) and Robert E. Hall, who served as the organization's initial chairman. ASA funded research as well as educational material aimed at the public. It initially took a conservative approach to the reform of abortion law, though it later embraced the more radical cause of repeal, and provided support to the attorneys who argued the landmark Supreme Court case of ''Roe v. Wade'' in 1973. The organization was dissolved after the success of ''Roe v. Wade'', which found that women had a constitutional right to an abortion. ASA was founded in New York, but had a national focus, and was the only national-level abortion rights organization until the founding of the pro-repeal NARAL in 1969. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortion Rights
Abortion-rights movements, also referred to as pro-choice movements, advocate for the right to have legal access to induced abortion services including elective abortion. They seek to represent and support women who wish to terminate their pregnancy without fear of legal or social backlash. These movements are in direct opposition to anti-abortion movements. The issue of induced abortion remains divisive in public life, with recurring arguments to liberalize or to restrict access to legal abortion services. Some abortion-rights supporters are divided as to the types of abortion services that should be available under different circumstances, including periods in the pregnancy such as late term abortions, in which access may or may not be restricted. Terminology Many of the terms used in the debate are political framing terms used to validate one's own stance while invalidating the opposition's. For example, the labels pro-choice and pro-life imply endorsement of widely he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pat Maginnis
Patricia Theresa "Pat" Maginnis (June 9, 1928August 30, 2021) was considered the first abortion rights activist in American history. She was one part of the "Army of Three", the grass-roots collective that would eventually become NARAL Pro-Choice America and that founded the Society for Humane Abortion. She was also a political cartoonist, painter, and peace activist. In 2018, she was chosen by the National Women's History Alliance as one of its honorees for Women's History Month in the United States. Life Maginnis was born on June 9, 1928, in Ithaca, New York, to a staunchly Catholic family. During her brief service in the United States Army, Maginnis was deployed to Panama, as punishment for fraternizing with a Black soldier. She described her time in Panama and the horrible treatment of pregnant women in the army hospital as her inspiration to advocate for women's reproductive freedoms during her life. She began her activism when she returned to the United States, settling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lester Breslow
Lester Breslow (March 17, 1915 in Bismarck, North Dakota, USA – April 9, 2012 in Los Angeles, California, USA) was an American physician who promoted public health. Breslow's career had a significant impact. He is credited with pioneering chronic disease prevention and health behavior intervention. His work with the Human Population Laboratory in the Alameda County Study established the connection between mortality and lifestyle issues like exercise, diet, sleep, smoking, and alcohol. He has been called "Mr. Public Health". Among other positions, Breslow served as president of the American Public Health Association, the Association of Schools of Public Health and the International Epidemiological Association. Breslow served as founding editor of the '' Annual Review of Public Health'' from 1980–1990. Education Breslow received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Minnesota in 1935, followed by his M.D. in 1938 and M.P.H. in 1941. While studying to be a psychiatr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Proskauer Smith
Ruth Proskauer Smith (August 14, 1907 – January 22, 2010) was an American advocate for reproductive rights. Personal life Smith was born Ruth Proskauer on August 14, 1907, in Deal, New Jersey, to Joseph M. Proskauer and Alice Naumburg and grew up in Manhattan. Her father served on the New York Supreme Court and was an adviser to New York Governor Alfred E. Smith and a partner of the law firm Proskauer Rose. Her mother was one of the founders of the Euthanasia Society of America. For her secondary education, she attended Ethical Culture Fieldston School, in New York City. In 1929, Radcliffe College awarded her a bachelor's degree. Two years later, she received a Master of Fine Arts in medieval art from the same educational institution. On June 11, 1932, she married Theodore Smith. They had a son, Anthony, and a daughter, Gael. The marriage later ended in divorce in 1946. Early career In the 1940s, Smith worked for the Massachusetts chapter of Planned Parenthood. As an executiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Law Institute
The American Law Institute (ALI) is a research and advocacy group of judges, lawyers, and legal scholars established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs. Members of ALI include law professors, practicing attorneys, judges and other professionals in the legal industry. ALI writes documents known as "treatises", which are summaries of state common law (legal principles that come out of state court decisions). Many courts and legislatures look to ALI's treatises as authoritative reference material concerning many legal issues. However, some legal experts and the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, along with some conservative commentators, have voiced concern about ALI rewriting the law ''as they want it to be'' instead of ''as it is''. The ALI drafts, approves, and publishes ''Restatements of the Law'', ''Principles of the Law'', model acts, and other proposals for law reform. The A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obstetrician
Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field. Main areas Prenatal care Prenatal care is important in screening for various complications of pregnancy. This includes routine office visits with physical exams and routine lab tests along with telehealth care for women with low-risk pregnancies: Image:Ultrasound_image_of_a_fetus.jpg, 3D ultrasound of fetus (about 14 weeks gestational age) Image:Sucking his thumb and waving.jpg, Fetus at 17 weeks Image:3dultrasound 20 weeks.jpg, Fetus at 20 weeks First trimester Routine tests in the first trimester of pregnancy generally include: * Complete blood count * Blood type ** Rh-negative antenatal patients should receive RhoGAM at 28 weeks to prevent Rh disease. * Indirect Coombs test (AGT) to assess risk of hemolytic dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garrett Hardin
Garrett James Hardin (April 21, 1915 – September 14, 2003) was an American ecologist. He focused his career on the issue of human overpopulation, and is best known for his exposition of the tragedy of the commons in a 1968 paper of the same title in ''Science'', which called attention to "the damage that innocent actions by individuals can inflict on the environment". He is also known for Hardin's First Law of Human Ecology: "We can never do merely one thing. Any intrusion into nature has numerous effects, many of which are unpredictable." Garrett held hardline anti-immigrant positions as well positions on eugenics and multiethnicism that have led multiple sources to label him a white nationalist. The Southern Poverty Law Center called his publications "frank in their racism and quasi-fascist ethnonationalism". Biography Hardin received a BS in zoology from the University of Chicago in 1936 and a PhD in microbiology from Stanford University in 1941 where his dissertation resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Lader
Lawrence may refer to: Education Colleges and universities * Lawrence Technological University, a university in Southfield, Michigan, United States * Lawrence University, a liberal arts university in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States Preparatory & high schools * Lawrence Academy at Groton, a preparatory school in Groton, Massachusetts, United States * Lawrence College, Ghora Gali, a high school in Pakistan * Lawrence School, Lovedale, a high school in India * The Lawrence School, Sanawar, a high school in India Research laboratories * Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States * Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States People * Lawrence (given name), including a list of people with the name * Lawrence (surname), including a list of people with the name * Lawrence (band), an American soul-pop group * Lawrence (judge royal) (died after 1180), Hungarian nobleman, Judge royal 1164–1172 * Lawrence (musician), Lawrence Hayward (born 1961), British musician * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
