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Nicholas Lane
Nicholas Lane (-1644) was an English surveyor and cartographer, active in the early part of the seventeenth century, rising to prominence in his works for King Charles I. Birth and early life He was probably born at or near Cobham in Surrey. Contemporary accounts of his age vary considerably, but the circumstance he was apprenticed to Robert Jennings of Kingston upon Thames for seven years from May 1601 suggests a birthdate no earlier than 1585. Jennings, a fisherman, was married to Lane's sister Beatrice and, with Lane's younger brother Henry, was lessee of an eyot in the river near Kingston. Knowledge of the Thames would have been useful in some of Nicholas Lane's later assignments, but there is no evidence he fished as an occupation. In legal proceedings he described himself as “yeoman”, versed in the “art of measuring which he often practises”. Early career He was professionally active as a surveyor by 1613 when he mapped lands at Painshill which were the subjec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Glossary of mathematical sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeoman
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between page and squire. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the new Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all freeholders. The Act of 1430 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Malden
Old Malden is a ward of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London, south west of Charing Cross. Malden Manor is an alternative name for part of Old Malden, popularised by the railway company that made up this name for its station here. History The area has a long history as the ancient parish of Malden, derived from the Old English ''mæl duna'', meaning 'the cross on the hill'. Malden appears in ''Domesday Book'' of 1086 as ''Meldone'', held partly by William de Wateville and partly by Robert de Wateville. Its domesday assets were: 4 hides and 3 virgates; 1 chapel, 1 mill worth 12s, 6½ ploughs, of meadow, woodland worth 1 hog out of 7 hogs. It rendered £7 12s 0d. St John the Baptist Church, close to the Hogsmill, is a Grade II listed building. The medieval church was built by Walter de Merton, Bishop of Rochester. It comprised nave, chancel and west tower. The flint south and east walls of the chancel survive. In 1611 the chancel's old flint walls w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastian Goode
Sebastian Goode (born c. 1599) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1625. Goode was the son of John Goode of Malden, Surrey. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 19 May 1615, aged 16. He was a student of Lincoln's Inn in 1618. In 1625, he was elected Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ... for Tregoney. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Goode, Sebastian 1599 births Year of death missing Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall English MPs 1625 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albury, Hertfordshire
Albury is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England, about five miles west of Bishop's Stortford. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 537, increasing in the 2011 Census to 595. Albury lies between Little Hadham to the south and Furneux Pelham to the north and includes the hamlets Albury End, Clapgate, Patmore Heath and Upwick Green. The 1894–1895 edition of ''The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales'' listed the hamlets: Albury End, Church End, Clapgate, Gravesend, Patmore Heath, and Upwich. An earlier gazetteer, the ''Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales'' dated 1870–1872 stated that the north-lying Patient-End is an Albury hamlet. Gravesend and Patmore Heath are 400 metres apart. The name "Albury" derives from the Old English ''ald'' (old) and ''burh'' (fortification). To the northwest of the village stood Albury Hall, a three-storey manor house believed to have been re-built by MP John Calvert, arou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rector (ecclesiastical)
A rector is, in an ecclesiastical sense, a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations. In contrast, a vicar is also a cleric but functions as an assistant and representative of an administrative leader. Ancient usage In ancient times bishops, as rulers of cities and provinces, especially in the Papal States, were called rectors, as were administrators of the patrimony of the Church (e.g. '). The Latin term ' was used by Pope Gregory I in ''Regula Pastoralis'' as equivalent to the Latin term ' (shepherd). Roman Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, a rector is a person who holds the ''office'' of presiding over an ecclesiastical institution. The institution may be a particular building—such as a church (called his rectory church) or shrine—or it may be an organization, such as a parish, a mission or quasi-parish, a seminary or house of studies, a university, a hospital, or a community of clerics or religious. If a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Oughtred
William Oughtred ( ; 5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660), also Owtred, Uhtred, etc., was an Kingdom of England, English mathematician and Anglican ministry, Anglican clergyman.'Oughtred (William)', in P. Bayle, translated and revised by J.P. Bernard, T. Birch and J. Lockman, ''A General Dictionary, Historical and Critical'', (James Bettenham, for G. Strachan and J. Clarke, London 1734/1739), Vol. VIIIpp. 77-86(Google). After John Napier invented logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales (lines, or rules) upon which slide rules are based, Oughtred was the first to use two such scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and division (mathematics), division. He is credited with inventing the Slide rule scale, slide rule in about 1622. He also introduced the "×" multiplication sign, symbol for multiplication and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions. Clerical life Education The son of Benjamin Oughtred of Eton, Berkshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plane Table
A plane table (plain table prior to 1830) is a device used in surveying site mapping, exploration mapping, coastal navigation mapping, and related disciplines to provide a solid and level surface on which to make field drawings, charts and maps. The early use of the name ''plain table'' reflected its simplicity and plainness rather than its flatness. History The earliest mention of a plane table dates to 1551 in Abel Foullon's ''"Usage et description de l'holomètre"'', published in Paris.Turner, Anthony, ''Early Scientific Instruments, Europe 1400-1800'', Sotheby's Publishing, 1987, . page 81 However, since Foullon's description was of a complete, fully developed instrument, it must have been invented earlier. A brief description was also added to the 1591 edition of Digge's ''Pantometria''. The first mention of the device in English was by Cyprian Lucar in 1590.Turner, Gerard L'E., ''Scientific Instruments 1500-1900, An Introduction'', University of California Press, 1998 . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chain (algebraic Topology)
In algebraic topology, a -chain is a formal linear combination of the -cells in a cell complex. In simplicial complexes (respectively, cubical complexes), -chains are combinations of -simplices (respectively, -cubes), but not necessarily connected. Chains are used in homology; the elements of a homology group are equivalence classes of chains. Definition For a simplicial complex X, the group C_n(X) of n-chains of X is given by: C_n(X) = \left\ where \sigma_i are singular n-simplices of X. Note that any element in C_n(X) not necessary to be a connected simplicial complex. Integration on chains Integration is defined on chains by taking the linear combination of integrals over the simplices in the chain with coefficients (which are typically integers). The set of all ''k''-chains forms a group and the sequence of these groups is called a chain complex. Boundary operator on chains The boundary of a chain is the linear combination of boundaries of the simplices in the chain. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Chancery
The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid a slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the Common law#History, common law. The Chancery had jurisdiction over all matters of equity, including English trusts law, trusts, English property law, land law, the estates of Mental illness, lunatics and the guardianship of infants. Its initial role was somewhat different: as an extension of the lord chancellor's role as Keeper of the King's Conscience, the court was an administrative body primarily concerned with conscientious law. Thus the Court of Chancery had a far greater remit than the common law courts, whose decisions it had the jurisdiction to overrule for much of its existence, and was far more flexible. Until the 19th century, the Court of Chancery could apply a far wider range of remedies than common law courts, such as specific performance and injunctions, and had some power to grant damage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James VI And I
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union. James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded Elizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, who died childless. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecary
''Apothecary'' () is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern chemist (British English) or pharmacist (British and North American English) now perform this role. In some languages and regions, the word "apothecary" is still used to refer to a retail pharmacy or a pharmacist who owns one. Apothecaries' investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients was a precursor to the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology. In addition to dispensing herbs and medicine, apothecaries offered general medical advice and a range of services that are now performed by other specialist practitioners, such as surgeons and obstetricians. Apothecary shops sold ingredients and the medicines they prepared wholesale to other medical practitioners, as well as dispensing them to patients. In 17th-century England, they also controlled the trade in tobacco which was imported as a me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
