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Neonauclea Colla
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elmer Drew Merrill
Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.Archives of the Arnold Arboretum Early life Merrill and his twin brother, Dana T. Merrill, were born and raised in the small village of Auburn, Maine, East Auburn, Maine. They were the youngest of six children by Daniel C. Merrill and Mary (Noyes) Merrill. Merrill showed an early interest in natural history, collecting and identifying plants, birds' eggs, rocks, and minerals. In 1894 he entered the University of Maine with the intention of stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Type
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is almost al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Bomberaiensis
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Bartlingii
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Artocarpoides
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Anthraciticus
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Angustifolia
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neonauclea Acuminata
''Neonauclea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 71 species. ''Neonauclea'' is a genus of shrubs and trees They are indigenous to China, India, Southeast Asia, Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. ''Neonauclea'' was named in 1915 by Elmer Drew Merrill.''Neonauclea'' in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).Elmer Drew Merrill. 1915. ''Neonauclea'' page 538. In: "On the application of the generic name ''Nauclea'' of Linnaeus". ''Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences''. 5:530-542. (see ''External links'' below). The generic name is derived from the related genus ''Nauclea'' and the Greek word ''neos'', meaning "new".Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'', volume III. CRC Press: Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC. (vol. III). The biological type for ''Neonauclea'' consists of those specimens that Merrill called ''Neonauclea obtusa''.''Neonauclea'' In: Index Nominum Gener ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyly
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia ( reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles and all descendants of that ancestor, including all extant reptiles as well as the extinct synapsids, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Research
Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, Discovery (observation), discovery, interpretation (philosophy), interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemology, epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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