Negative Selection Algorithm
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Negative Selection Algorithm
Negative may refer to: Science and mathematics * Negative number * Negative mass * Negative energy * Negative charge, one of the two types of electric charge * Negative (electrical polarity), in electric circuits * Negative result (other) * Negative lenses, uses to describe diverging optics Photography * Negative (photography), an image with inverted luminance or a strip of film with such an image * Original camera negative, the film in a motion picture camera which captures the original image * Paper negative, a negative image printed on paper used to create the final print of a photograph Linguistics * A negative answer, commonly expressed with the word ''no'' * A type of grammatical construction; see affirmative and negative *A double negative is a construction occurring when two forms of grammatical negation are used in the same sentence. Music * Negative (Finnish band), a Finnish band established in 1997 * Negative (Serbian band), a Serbian band ...
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Negative Number
In mathematics, a negative number represents an opposite. In the real number system, a negative number is a number that is less than zero. Negative numbers are often used to represent the magnitude of a loss or deficiency. A debt that is owed may be thought of as a negative asset. If a quantity, such as the charge on an electron, may have either of two opposite senses, then one may choose to distinguish between those senses—perhaps arbitrarily—as ''positive'' and ''negative''. Negative numbers are used to describe values on a scale that goes below zero, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales for temperature. The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common-sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic. For example, −(−3) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original value. Negative numbers are usually written with a minus sign in front. For example, −3 represents a negative quantity with a magnitude of three, and is pronounced "min ...
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Lloyd Cole
Lloyd Cole (born 31 January 1961) is an English singer and songwriter. He was lead singer of Lloyd Cole and the Commotions from 1984 to 1989 and subsequently worked solo. Early life Cole was born in Buxton, Derbyshire, England. He grew up in nearby Chapel-en-le-Frith and went to New Mills Grammar School and later attended Runshaw College in Leyland. He studied a year of law at University College London but switched to the University of Glasgow, where he studied philosophy and English, and also met the future members of The Commotions. Career 1984–1989: Lloyd Cole and the Commotions The Commotions' 1984 debut, ''Rattlesnakes'', contained literary and pop culture references to such figures as Arthur Lee, Norman Mailer, Grace Kelly, Eva Marie Saint, Simone de Beauvoir, Truman Capote and Joan Didion. The group produced two more albums, ''Easy Pieces'' and '' Mainstream'', before disbanding in 1989. Songs by the band include "Perfect Skin", "Rattlesnakes", "Forest Fire", "Ar ...
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Negative Repetition
A negative repetition (negative rep) is the repetition of a technique in weight lifting in which the lifter performs the eccentric phase of a lift. Instead of pressing the weight up slowly, in proper form, a spotter generally aids in the concentric, or lifting, portion of the repetition while the lifter slowly performs the eccentric phase for 3–6 seconds. Function Negative reps are used to improve both muscular strength and power in subjects, this is commonly known as hypertrophy training. Due to its mechanical properties, this form of training can be used for both healthy individuals and individuals who are in rehabilitation. Studies have shown that negative repetitions or " eccentric phase training" combines a high amount of force on the muscle with a lower energy cost than normal concentric training, which requires 4–5 times the amount of energy. This justifies why this type of training is more beneficial and less of a risk to subjects rehabilitating or with a limited ...
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Negative Feedback
Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function (Mathematics), function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is feedback, fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances. Whereas positive feedback tends to lead to instability via exponential growth, oscillation or chaos theory, chaotic behavior, negative feedback generally promotes stability. Negative feedback tends to promote a settling to List of types of equilibrium, equilibrium, and reduces the effects of perturbations. Negative feedback loops in which just the right amount of correction is applied with optimum timing can be very stable, accurate, and responsive. Negative feedback is widely used in mechanical and electronic engineering, and also within living organisms, and can be seen in many other fields from chemistry and economics to physical systems such as the climate. General negative feedback ...
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Negative (policy Debate)
Policy debate is an American form of debate competition in which teams of two usually advocate for and against a resolution that typically calls for policy change by the United States federal government. It is also referred to as cross-examination debate (sometimes shortened to Cross-X or CX) because of the 3-minute questioning period following each constructive speech. Evidence presentation is a crucial part of Policy Debate. The main argument being debated during a round of Policy is which team wins a system by which the debate should be evaluated (Framework) and who wins under this framework (gets the ballot). When a team explains why their impacts are "greater" than the opposition's impacts, they utilize the concept of "impact calculus." One team’s job is to argue that the resolution— the statement that we should make some specific change to address a national or international problem —is a good idea. Affirmative teams generally present a ''plan'' as a proposal for impl ...
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Negative Space
Negative space, in art, is the empty space around and between the subject(s) of an image. Negative space may be most evident when the space around a subject, not the subject itself, forms an interesting or artistically relevant shape, and such space occasionally is used to artistic effect as the "real" subject of an image. Overview The use of negative space is a key element of artistic composition. The Japanese word " ma" is sometimes used for this concept, for example in garden design. In a composition, the positive space has the more visual weight while the surrounding space - that is less visually important is seen as the negative space. In a two-tone, black-and-white image, a subject is normally depicted in black and the space around it is left blank (white), thereby forming a silhouette of the subject. Reversing the tones so that the space around the subject is printed black and the subject itself is left blank, however, causes the negative space to be apparent as it fo ...
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Negative Sign
The plus and minus signs, and , are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative, respectively. In addition, represents the operation of addition, which results in a sum, while represents subtraction, resulting in a difference. Their use has been extended to many other meanings, more or less analogous. ''Plus'' and ''minus'' are Latin terms meaning "more" and "less", respectively. History Though the signs now seem as familiar as the alphabet or the Hindu-Arabic numerals, they are not of great antiquity. The Egyptian hieroglyphic sign for addition, for example, resembled a pair of legs walking in the direction in which the text was written ( Egyptian could be written either from right to left or left to right), with the reverse sign indicating subtraction: Nicole Oresme's manuscripts from the 14th century show what may be one of the earliest uses of as a sign for plus. In early 15th century Europe, the letters "P" and "M" were genera ...
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Photo Negative Casting
Race-reversed casting, also called photo negative casting, is a form of non-traditional casting in acting. The concept revolves around reversing the race of characters being played (white characters being played by black actors and vice versa). The concept was intended as a way to open up non-traditional character roles to more actors but has received complaints that it waters down racial differences. History The concept of race-reversed casting was invented by the British actor Sir Patrick Stewart in 1997. As a classically trained Shakespearean actor, Stewart had wanted to play the titular character in ''Othello'' but stated that when he got to the point in his career where he felt he was experienced enough to play it, it had become no longer socially acceptable for white actors to put on blackface to play the role. Stewart stated "one day, thinking about the play, a notion occurred to me, what if we keep the racial element of the play but we just switch it over" and came ...
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Negatives (film)
''Negatives'' is a 1968 British drama film directed by Peter Medak. Based on the 1961 novel ''Negatives'' by Peter Everett, it features Peter McEnery and Glenda Jackson as Theo and Vivien, a couple who act out their erotic fantasies by dressing up as the Edwardian murderer Hawley Harvey Crippen and his lover Ethel le Neve. Diane Cilento plays Reingard, a German photographer who becomes involved in their private world. Cast * Peter McEnery as Theo * Diane Cilento as Reingard * Glenda Jackson as Vivien * Billy Russell as Old Man * Norman Rossington as Auctioneer *Stephen Lewis Stephen Henry Lewis (born November 11, 1937) is a Canadian politician, public speaker, broadcaster, and diplomat. He was the leader of the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party for most of the 1970s. During many of those years as leade ... as The Dealer * Maurice Denham as The Father Critical reception In '' The New York Times'', Vincent Canby found the film "so good in so many of its pa ...
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Act Of Denial
Act of Denial is an international melodic death metal supergroup, formed in 2020. Its members are vocalist Bjorn Strid ( Soilwork), guitarists, songwriter and producer Voi Cox (Koziak, Victim) and lyricist and guitarist Luger (Benighted, Koziak), bassist Steve Di Giorgio (Death, Testament), drummer Kerim Lechner (Septicflesh) and keyboardist John Lönnmyr (The Night Flight Orchestra). The band's debut album, ''Negative'', was released on August 13, 2021, and was preceded by five singles "Puzzle Heart", "Controlled", "Down That Line", "Slave" and "Your Dark Desires". The album features guest appearances from Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal (Guns N' Roses, Sons of Apollo), Mattias IA Eklundh (Freak Kitchen), Bobby Koelble (Death) and Peter Wichers ( Soilwork, Warrel Dane Warrel Dane (born Warrel George Baker; March 7, 1961 – December 13, 2017) was an American musician who was the lead singer for the heavy metal bands Sanctuary and Nevermore. He was a natural baritone; though he w ...
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Negative (song)
"Negative" is a song by the English alternative rock band Mansun. The song was written by Paul Draper, Dominic Chad, Stove and Andie Rathbone. It was recorded and produced by Paul Draper and Mark 'Spike' Stent during sessions for the group's second studio album. The song was released as the third single in 1998 from the group's second album, '' Six''. Despite being one of the album's more traditional songs the single peaked low at #27 on the UK Singles Chart, breaking the group's run of seven consecutive top twenty singles. The music video for "Negative" was directed by Jamie Thraves. Track listing Personnel ;Mansun * Dominic Chad – Lead Guitar, Backing Vocals * Paul Draper – Lead Vocals, Rhythm Guitar * Andie Rathbone Andrew "Andie" Rathbone (born 8 September 1969 in Chester) is an English drummer and former member of the rock band Mansun. Rathbone grew up in Blacon, Chester and played in various local bands including "The Wandering Quatrains" and " ...
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The Negatives
Cruel Hand is an American hardcore punk band from Portland, Maine that formed in 2006. As of 2013, Cruel Hand has released four full-length albums: ''Without a Pulse'' on 6131 Records, ''Prying Eyes'' and '' Lock & Key'' on Bridge 9 Records and '' The Negatives'' on Hopeless Records. The band has also released three EPs on Bridge 9: ''Life in Shambles'', ''Cruel Hand'' and ''Born Into Debt, We All Owe a Death''. Their song "Face to Face" is featured on Triple B Records' 2010 ''America's Hardcore Compilation''. History Cruel Hand formed in Portland, Maine, in 2006, originally as a side project of the punk band Outbreak, creating an opportunity for band members to play different instruments. In 2007 they released their debut album ''Without a Pulse'', on 6131 Records. They played shows around the U.S. with Trash Talk and The Mongoloids, touring the United States three times and a full European tour. Cruel Hand then signed with Bridge 9 for their second album, ''Prying Eyes ...
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