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National Movement Of Rural Women
The National Movement of Rural Women (NMRW) is a nonprofit, grassroots organization founded in South Africa in 1990. It was formerly known as the Rural Women's Movement (RWM). The purpose of NMRW was to give a voice to rural women in South Africa. Many women in the 1990s were not able to inherit land or speak freely about problems they faced in the community. In addition, until 1994, married black women were considered minors by the law. NMRW has also been a champion of the recognition of customary law. NMRW has helped women set up their own methods of employment and to resist oppressive traditions in customary law. NMRW is headquartered in Marshalltown. History The Rural Women's Movement (RWM) was launched in 1986, in Mathopestad, funded and organised by Black Sash and its sub-committee, TRAC. The aim was to unify rural women facing forced removals, and give them a voice. TRAC employed Lydia Kompe, a trade unionist and rural women's advocate, to coordinate the RWM. In 1986, Nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonprofit Organization
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in contrast with an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a Profit (accounting), profit for its owners. A nonprofit is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization's purpose, not taken by private parties. An array of organizations are nonprofit, including some political organizations, schools, business associations, churches, social clubs, and consumer cooperatives. Nonprofit entities may seek approval from governments to be Tax exemption, tax-exempt, and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions, but an entity may incorporate as a nonprofit entity without securing tax-exempt status. Key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grassroots
A grassroots movement is one that uses the people in a given district, region or community as the basis for a political or economic movement. Grassroots movements and organizations use collective action from the local level to effect change at the local, regional, national or international level. Grassroots movements are associated with bottom-up, rather than top-down decision making, and are sometimes considered more natural or spontaneous than more traditional power structures. Grassroots movements, using self-organization, encourage community members to contribute by taking responsibility and action for their community. Grassroots movements utilize a variety of strategies from fundraising and registering voters, to simply encouraging political conversation. Goals of specific movements vary and change, but the movements are consistent in their focus on increasing mass participation in politics. These political movements may begin as small and at the local level, but grassroots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Customary Law In South Africa
South African customary law refers to a usually uncodified legal system developed and practised by the indigenous communities of South Africa. Customary law has been defined as an established system of immemorial rules evolved from the way of life and natural wants of the people, the general context of which was a matter of common knowledge, coupled with precedents applying to special cases, which were retained in the memories of the chief and his councilors, their sons and their sons' sons until forgotten, or until they became part of the immemorial rules. Most African states follow a pluralistic form of law that includes customary law, religious laws, received law (such as common law or civil law) and state legislation. The South African Constitution recognizes traditional authority and customary law under Section 211. A ruling under '' Bhe v. Magistrate, Khayelitsha'' specified that customary law was "protected by and subject to the Constitution in its own right." Customary la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshalltown, Gauteng
Marshalltown is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. History The suburb has its origin as farm land owned by Frederick Bezuidenhout Junior. This small strip of land on the farm ''Turffontein'', was adjacent to South African Republic owned land of Rantjeslaagte which was soon to be proclaimed as the township of Johannesburg on 8 November 1886. The land was purchased by two businessmen, Henry Brown Marshall and his brother-in-law William M'Laren in September 1886. The land would eventually be quickly surveyed with 553 stands and one market square which would later be known as Marshall Square. At the time, the townships name was known as Marshall's Dorp. By 26 November 1887, the townships boundaries were incorporated into Johannesburg. They would establish a brewery on eight stands in Marshalltown but sold it in 1894. The brewery's logo consisted of three castles and would eventually become part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Sash
The Black Sash is a South African human rights organisation. It was founded in Johannesburg in 1955 as a non-violent resistance organisation for liberal white women. Origins The Black Sash was founded on 19 May 1955 by six middle-class white women, Jean Sinclair, Ruth Foley, Elizabeth McLaren, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson. The organisation was founded as the ''Women’s Defence of the Constitution League'' but was eventually shortened by the press as the Black Sash due to the women's habit of wearing black sashes at their protest meetings. These black sashes symbolised the mourning for the South Africa Constitution. The founding members gathered for tea in Johannesburg before they decided to organise a movement against the Senate Act. They succeeded in holding a vigil of 2 000 women who marched from Joubert Park to the Johannesburg City Hall. Anti-apartheid activity The Black Sash initially campaigned against the removal of Coloured or mixed race voter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lydia Kompe
Makwena Lydia Komape-Ngwenya (née Ngwenya; born 6 August 1935), also known as Lydia Kompe, is a retired South African politician, activist, and trade unionist. She represented the African National Congress in the National Assembly from 1994 to 2009 and in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature from 2009 to 2019. The child of tenant farmers in the Northern Transvaal, Komape-Ngwenya rose to political prominence in the mid-1970s as one of the few senior women in the Metal and Allied Workers' Union. In 1986, she returned to the rural Transvaal, where she worked for the Black Sash and founded the Rural Women's Movement to attract greater attention to women's issues in the negotiations to end apartheid. Early life and education Komape-Ngwenya was born on 6 August 1935 in rural Matlala, a village near Pietersburg in the former Transvaal. One of seven children, Komape-Ngwenya later described herself as the "daughter of a peasant"; she grew up on the farm of the local Lutheran Mission, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize
Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize was a South African activist, politician, shop steward and wife to late Saul Mkhize. She was born in Sophia Town and she was forcibly removed to Meadowlands in Soweto and that's where she met her husband. Early years Mkhize grew up under the apartheid era, where she resided in Sophiatown, Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu and xh, eGoli ), colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, or "The City of Gold", is the largest city in South Africa, classified as a megacity, and is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world. According to Demo .... Career She and her husband led the struggle against forced removals in Driefontein. References {{Authority control Anti-apartheid activists 1946 births 1977 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transvaal Rural Action Committee
Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name Transvaal. * South African Republic (1856–1902; af, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, links=no), a Boer republic also known as the Transvaal in English * Transvaal Colony (1902–1910), British colony * Transvaal Province (1910–1994), province of the Union and Republic of South Africa See also * Transvaal Park, a Russian waterpark (2002–2004) * Golden Lions, the modern South African rugby team formerly known as "Transvaal" * Gauteng cricket team, the modern South African cricket team formerly known as "Transvaal" * S.V. Transvaal, a football club located in Suriname, named after the South African region * Gauteng Division The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law which has general jurisdiction over the South African province of Gauteng and the easte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kgotla
A ''kgotla'' (English pronunciation or ) is a public meeting, community council, or traditional law court of a Botswana village. It is usually headed by the village chief or headman, and community decisions are always arrived at by consensus. Headmen usually work as the advisers to the chief. No one may interrupt while another is having their say. Because of this tradition, Botswana claims to be one of the world's oldest democracies. The custom of allowing everyone their full say is carried over into meetings of all kinds, from discussing a bill to a staff briefing. ''Kgotla'' can also refer to the place where such meetings are held. This can range from a few chairs under a shade canopy to a permanent ground with covered seating. In both senses, the term is a loan word in Botswana English from Setswana, where it means ''court''. In South African English, a ''lekgotla'' is a meeting called by government to discuss strategy planning. The term is still a loan word from Setswana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner violence'', which is committed by one of the people in an intimate relationship against the other person, and can take place in relationships or between former spouses or partners. In its broadest sense, domestic violence also involves violence against children, parents, or the elderly. It can assume multiple forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, or sexual abuse. It can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and other violent physical abuse, such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation, and acid throwing that may result in disfigurement or death, and includes the use of technology to harass, control, monitor, stalk or hack. Domestic murder includes stoning, bride burning, ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
