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National Executive Committee Of The African National Congress
The National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) is the political party's highest decision-making body in between its party conferences. It serves as the primary executive organ responsible for leading and governing the ANC, directing the party's policies, strategies, and overall operations. The NEC is elected every five years at the ANC's National Conference of the African National Congress, National Conference and consists of 87 members, including the party's top officials, such as the President of the African National Congress, president of the ANC, deputy president, chairperson, secretary-general, two deputy secretaries-general, and treasurer-general (known as the "Top Seven"). It also elects a National Working Committee of the African National Congress, National Working Committee (NWC), which takes on the day-to-day operational responsibilities of the party. Composition Members of the NEC must have been paid-up members of the ANC for at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The African National Congress
: The African National Congress (ANC) has been the governing party of the South Africa, Republic of South Africa since 1994. The ANC was founded on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein and is the oldest liberation movement in Africa. Called the South African Native National Congress until 1923, the ANC was founded as a national discussion forum and organised pressure group, which sought to advance black South Africans’ rights at times using violent and other times diplomatic methods. Its early membership was a small, loosely centralised coalition of Tribal chief, traditional leaders and educated, religious professionals, and it was staunchly loyal to the The Crown, British crown during the World War I, First World War. It was in the early 1950s, shortly after the National Party (South Africa), National Party’s adoption of a formal policy of apartheid, that the ANC became a mass-based organisation. In 1952, the ANC's membership swelled during the uncharacteristically militant Defianc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African National Congress Veterans' League
The African National Congress Veterans' League (ANCVL) is an auxiliary political organisation of the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa. Its members are ANC veterans, defined as people aged 60 or older who have belonged to the ANC for at least 40 years. The league was founded in December 2009 to represent veterans in the decision-making of the mainstream ANC. Since October 2017, its president has been Snuki Zikalala; Nelson Mandela was its honorary life president. History and structure The Veterans' League was founded in 2009 and held its inaugural national conference in early December 2009 in Esselen Park, Western Cape. It is one of three leagues recognised in the ANC constitution, the others being the Women's League and the Youth League. Like the other leagues, it functions as an "autonomous body" within, and "integral part" of, the overall ANC; it is permitted to formulate its own rules and constitution (adopted in December 2009), to establish local and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusuf Dadoo
Yusuf Mohamed Dadoo OMSG (5 September 1909 – 19 September 1983) was a South African Communist and an anti-apartheid activist. During his life, he was chair of both the South African Indian Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as being a major proponent of co-operation between those organisations and the African National Congress. He was a leader of the Defiance Campaign and a defendant at the Treason Trial in 1956. His last days were spent in exile in London, where he is buried at Highgate Cemetery; a few metres away from the Tomb of Karl Marx. Early life Yusuf was born on 5 September 1909 in Krugersdorp, in the West Rand, near Johannesburg. His parents, Mohammed and Fatima Dadoo, were Gujarati Muslim immigrants from Surat in Western India. As a young child, he had the formative experience of being scolded by his mother for climbing a tree in his neighbourhood park, which was reserved for White people only. Aged ten, the Krugersdorp Municipa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Tambo
Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo (27 October 191724 April 1993) was a South African anti-apartheid politician and activist who served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1967 to 1991. Biography Childhood Oliver Tambo was born on 27 October 1917 in the village of Nkantolo in Bizana; eastern Pondoland in what is now the Eastern Cape. Most of the people in the village were farmers. His father, Mzimeni Tambo, was the son of a farmer and an assistant salesperson at a local trading store. Mzimeni had four wives and ten children, all of whom were literate. Oliver's mother, Mzimeni's third wife, was called Julia. Education Tambo graduated high school in 1938 as one of the top students. After this, Tambo was admitted to the University of Fort Hare but in 1940 he, along with several others including Nelson Mandela, was expelled for participating in a student strike. In 1942, Tambo returned to his former high school in Johannesburg to teach science and mathematic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Communist Party
The South African Communist Party (SACP) is a communist party in South Africa. It was founded on 12 February 1921 as the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), and tactically dissolved itself in 1950 in the face of being declared illegal by the governing National Party under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. The Communist Party was reconstituted underground and re-launched as the SACP in 1953, participating in the struggle to end the apartheid system. It is a member of the ruling Tripartite Alliance alongside the African National Congress and the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and through this it influences the South African government. The party's Central Committee is the party's highest decision-making structure. Although the party has not left the Tripartite Alliance, the SACP has announced its intention to break with the ANC and run its own candidates in the 2026 local elections, following the ANC's decision to enter a unity government with right- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UMkhonto We Sizwe
uMkhonto weSizwe (; abbreviated MK; ) was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC), founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. Its mission was to fight against the South African government to bring an end to its racist policies. After warning the South African government in June 1961 of its intent to increase resistance if the government did not take steps toward constitutional reform and increase political rights, uMkhonto weSizwe launched its first attacks against government installations on 16 December 1961. The group was subsequently classified as a terrorist organisation by the South African government, and banned. For a time it was headquartered in Rivonia, which was rural at that time but is now an affluent suburb of Johannesburg. On 11 July 1963, nineteen ANC and uMkhonto weSizwe leaders, including Arthur Goldreich, Govan Mbeki and Walter Sisulu, were arrested at Liliesleaf Farm, Rivonia. (The farm was privately own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Resistance To Apartheid
Several independent sectors of South African society opposed apartheid through various means, including social movements, passive resistance, and guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party (South Africa), National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental in leading to Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa, negotiations to end apartheid, which began formally in 1990 and ended with South Africa's 1994 South African general election, first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Apartheid was adopted as a formal South African government policy by the NP following their victory in the 1948 South African general election, 1948 general election. From the early 1950s, the African National Congress (ANC) initiated its Defiance Campaign of passive resistance. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted curfews, pass laws, and "petty apartheid" segregati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Leadership
In communist and socialist theory, collective leadership is a shared distribution of power within an organizational structure, sometimes publicly described or designed as Primus inter pares, ''primus inter pares'' (''first among equals''). Communist states China Collective leadership in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is generally considered to have begun with reformist Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s during the same time period as the Chinese economic reform, who tried to encourage the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP Politburo Standing Committee to rule by consensus in order to prevent a resurgence of autocracy under Maoism, Maoist rule. General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, CCP general secretary Jiang Zemin formally established himself as the "Primus inter pares, first among equals". Some political analysts has alleged that this era of collective leadership has been said to end with Xi Jin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Centralism
Democratic centralism is the organisational principle of most communist parties, in which decisions are made by a process of vigorous and open debate amongst party membership, and are subsequently binding upon all members of the party. The concept is mainly associated with Marxism–Leninism and how that governs a political or administrative group such as a party, wherein the party's political vanguard of revolutionaries practice democratic centralism to select leaders and officers, and determine and execute policy.Lenin, Vladimir (1906)"Report on the Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P." Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Democratic centralism has historically been associated with not only Marxist–Leninist but also |
Cyril Ramaphosa (29653248377) (cropped)
Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former anti-apartheid activist and trade union leader, Ramaphosa is also the president of the African National Congress (ANC). Ramaphosa rose to national prominence as secretary general of South Africa's biggest and most powerful trade union, the National Union of Mineworkers. In 1991, he was elected ANC secretary general under ANC president Nelson Mandela and became the ANC's chief negotiator during the negotiations that ended apartheid. He was elected chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly after the country's first fully democratic elections in 1994 and some observers believed that he was Mandela's preferred successor. However, Ramaphosa resigned from politics in 1996 and became well known as a businessman, including as an owner of McDonald's South Africa, chair of the board for MTN, member of the board ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
50th National Conference Of The African National Congress
The 50th National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) took place from 16 to 20 December 1997 at the University of the North West in what was then called Mafikeng. Attended by 3,000 voting delegates, the conference elected a successor to outgoing ANC President Nelson Mandela, who declined to stand for another term. Thabo Mbeki was elected unopposed, and Jacob Zuma was elected unopposed as his deputy; they were later elected President and Deputy President of the country in the 1999 general elections, in which the ANC won 66.35% of the vote, up from 62.65% in 1994. Although the conference entirely changed the composition of the party's top leadership, with Mbeki and Zuma the only residuum of the so-called "Top Six" as elected in 1994, most candidates were elected unopposed, and there was relatively little appearance of friction from any wing of the party. On some accounts, this was because the top leadership prepared assiduously for the conference, advocating unity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
52nd National Conference Of The African National Congress
The 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) was held in Polokwane, Limpopo, from 16 to 20 December 2007. At the conference, Jacob Zuma and his supporters were elected to the party's top leadership and National Executive Committee (NEC), dealing a significant defeat to national President Thabo Mbeki, who had sought a third term in the ANC presidency. The conference was a precursor to the general election of 2009, which the ANC was extremely likely to win and which did indeed lead to Zuma's ascension to the presidency of South Africa. Mbeki was prohibited from serving a third term as national President but, if re-elected ANC President, could likely have leveraged that office to select his successor. Held on the Mankweng campus of the University of Limpopo, attended by 4,000 delegates, and often known simply as "Polokwane," the conference is frequently described as a watershed moment in post-apartheid South African politics. Zuma's challenge to Mbeki's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
