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National Council Of The Magistrature
The National Board of Justice (Spanish: ''Junta Nacional de Justicia''), formerly the National Council of the Magistrature, is an autonomous constitutional institution that is part of the Republic of Peru. Its primary function is to appoint and ratify all judges and prosecutors in the Peruvian justice system as well as to remove those that fail to fulfill their responsibilities. History Different systems have been used since independence by the Peruvian government to designate impartial judges and prosecutors. The 1933 Peruvian Constitution set up a system similar to that of Article Three of the United States Constitution which gave the executive branch the power to appoint judges with the ratification of the Senate. Juan Velasco Alvarado removed most of the judges that served as part of the Supreme Court shortly after coming to power in 1968. A "National Council of Justice" was set up as an autonomous institution not dependent of any of the branches of government. This was done ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNM Logotipo , a style of sexual relationship
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CNM can refer to: * CNM, IATA code for Cavern City Air Terminal, Carlsbad, New Mexico, US * CNM, station code for Cheltenham Spa railway station in Cheltenham, UK * cnm, ISO 639-3 code for the Chuj language * Central New Mexico Community College, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, US * Centronuclear myopathy, a congenital muscle disorder * Certified Nurse‐Midwife, an American nursing certification * Chetna Natya Manch, the "cultural troupe" of the Communist Party of India (Maoist) * Consensual non-monogamy Consensual non-monogamy (CNM), and its subset ethical non-monogamy (ENM), are the practice of non-monogamous intimate or sexual relations that are distinguished from infidelity by the knowledge and consent of those involved, and from polygamy by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law School
A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Law degrees Argentina In Argentina, lawyers-to-be need to obtain an undergraduate degree in law in order to practice the profession, as opposed to the US system in which a law degree is not obtained until successfully completing a postgraduate program. In spite of that, it is customary to call Argentine lawyers 'doctors,' although the vast majority of them do not hold a Juris Doctor degree. The reason lies in that the career was originally called 'Doctorate in Laws' (''Doctorado en Leyes''), which was an undergraduate degree. There were no graduate studies available in the country at the time of its creation, and they would be instituted only in 1949. After the university reform of 1918 the career was renamed ' Attorney'. It is 5–6 years long, some universities also offeri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Registry Of Identification And Civil Status
The National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (''Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil'', RENIEC) is an autonomous constitutional body of the State of Peru. Its role is to maintain the records of births, marriages, divorces and deaths in the country, as well as of the suffrage eligibility and registration. Its headquarters are in downtown Lima.RENIECSedes Retrieved May 31, 2008. History While RENIEC is a recently created entity, its roots can be traced to the Viceroyalty of Peru, in which the Catholic Church kept records of all people born within the territory. With the Independence of the country, the Registry System was created, which depended on what today is the National Jury of Elections. Following the self-coup by Alberto Fujimori, the new Constitution of 1993 created the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status, to complement the National Jury of Elections and the National Office of Electoral Processes. Functions # Planning, orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Office Of Electoral Processes
The National Office of Electoral Processes (''Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales'', ONPE) is the body in charge of organizing elections in Peru. Created in 1993, during the government of Alberto Fujimori, it is headquartered in the Lima District in Lima. Its current National Chief is Manuel Cox Ganoza. ONPE is an autonomous body of the State, and it forms the electoral system of Peru, along with the National Jury of Elections and the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status. Functions *1. Organizing all electoral processes, referendums and other popular consultations. **Thus, ONPE has the duty, whenever the President of Peru calls for elections, to organize them and guarantee their transparency and legitimacy. *2. Designing the voting ballots, electoral acts, forms and any other relevant material, in order to ensure the respect for the citizen's will. ** ONPE is also in charge of carrying out lotteries to determine the order of candidates or options on the res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supermajority
A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but they can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises in the times action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. Parliamentary procedure requires that any action of a deliberative assembly that may alter the rights of a minority have a supermajority requirement, such as a two-thirds vote. Related concepts regarding alternatives to the majority vote requirement include a majority of the entire membership and a majority of the fixed membership. A supermajority can also be specified based on the entire membership or f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of The Republic Of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru ( es, Congreso de la República) is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru. Congress' composition is established by Chapter I of Title IV of the Constitution of Peru. Congress is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts allocated to each region, as well as two special districts, Lima Province and Peruvian citizens living abroad, on a basis of population as measured by the Peruvian Census in multi-member districts. The number of voting representatives is fixed by the Constitution at 130. Pursuant to the 2017 Census, the largest delegation is that of Lima Province, with 36 representatives. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress can impeach the President of Peru without cause, effectively making the legislature more powerful than the executive branch. Corruption is widespread throughout Congress as legislators use their office for parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Court Of Peru
The Peruvian Constitutional Court or Constitutional Tribunal is an independent constitutional agency of Peru. Its historical headquarters are located in the city of Arequipa but its national operative headquarters are located in the capital city of Lima. The Constitutional Court is the highest organ of constitutional control and interpretation in the country. It is an autonomous and independent organ that is only bound by the Peruvian Constitution and its Organic Law – Law N° 28301. Functions The Constitutional Court is entrusted with upholding the principle of constitutional supremacy, against the laws or acts of state bodies that seek to undermine it and intervenes to restore respect for the Constitution in general and constitutional rights in particular. The Court is the one specialized organ that is responsible for this type of enforcement. It has the authority to review the adequacy of laws, draft laws and decrees of the executive, conducting a review of the constitution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Ombudsman
The Ombudsman's Office of Peru is an autonomous constitutional organization created during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori that was added to the 1993 Constitution of Peru. It is based in the city of Lima, capital of Peru, and has representation throughout the Peruvian territory. Role According to Chapter XI of the current Peruvian constitution states that the role of the Public Defender or Ombudsperson of Peru and its organization are to protect the constitutional rights and freedoms of the individual and the community; monitor the performance of the duties of the state administration and the provision of public services to the population. The Ombudsman is the head of the National Ombudsman, directing and representing the institution. He's elected by the Congress of the Republic for a five-year period. Following the Constitution and Organic Law, he enjoys complete independence for the fulfilment of the functions that the Constitution confers on him. The Ombudsman looks fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Law
An organic law is a law, or system of laws, that form the foundation of a government, corporation or any other organization's body of rules. A constitution is a particular form of organic law for a sovereign state. By country France Under Article 46 of the Constitution of France, organic laws (in French, ''lois organiques''; in English sometimes translated as Institutional Acts) are a short, fixed list of statutes (in 2005, there were about 30 of them) specified in the Constitution. They overrule ordinary statutes. They must be properly enacted by the Parliament of France following a special procedure and must be approved for constitutionality by the Constitutional Council of France before they can be promulgated. Organic laws allow flexibility if needed. An important category of organic laws includes the budgets of the French state and French social security. Other organic laws give the practical procedures for various elections. Organic laws reduce the need for amendments to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2018 Peruvian Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Peru on 9 December 2018 alongside the second round of gubernatorial elections. The referendum, originally proposed by President Martín Vizcarra, saw three of four proposals accepted. The final proposal of a bicameral congress was denied after Vizcarra withdrew his support following modifications during congressional approval that would have resulted with weaker presidential powers. Background Odebrecht scandal Following the Odebrecht scandal which saw four of Peru's former presidents involved in corruption scandals, Peruvians demanded government accountability regarding corruption. President Martín Vizcarra following the resignation of President Kuczynski stated upon being sworn in on 23 March 2018 that Peruvians have "had enough" of corruption, promising to lead an anti-corruption movement in Peru. Vizcarra-Fujimorista relations Since being a minister, Vizcarra faced opposition from Fujimoristas. The Fujimorista movement was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martín Vizcarra
Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo (; born 22 March 1963) is a Peruvian engineer and politician who served as President of Peru from 2018 to 2020. Vizcarra previously served as Governor of the Department of Moquegua (2011–2014), First Vice President of Peru (2016–2018), Minister of Transport and Communications of Peru (2016–2017), and Ambassador of Peru to Canada (2017–2018), with the latter three during the presidency of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. In the 2016 general election, Vizcarra ran with the Peruvians for Change presidential ticket as Pedro Pablo Kuczynski's running mate candidate for first vice president, narrowly defeating Keiko Fujimori's Popular Force ticket. On 23 March 2018, Vizcarra was sworn into office as President of Peru following the resignation of President Kuczynski. Throughout his tenure, Vizcarra remained independent from political parties, promoted reforms against corruption in the legislative and judicial branches, and vowed to not run for presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronyism
Cronyism is the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations. For example, cronyism occurs when appointing "cronies" to positions of authority regardless of their qualifications. This is in contrast to a ''meritocracy'', in which appointments are made based on merit. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used to imply buying and selling favors, such as votes in legislative bodies, as doing favors to organizations, giving desirable ambassadorships to exotic places, etc. Cronyism is a specific form of favoritism. Etymology The word "crony" first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' and is believed to be derived from the Greek word ''chronios'' (χρόνιος), meaning "long term". A less likely but oft-quoted source is the supposed Irish term ''Comh-Roghna'', which translates as "close pals", o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
