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Naga Languages
The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of languages under the Kuki-Chin-Naga languages, spoken mostly by Naga peoples. Northern Naga languages do not fall within the group, in spite of being spoken by Naga groups; instead, these form part of the Sal languages The Sal languages are a branch of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in northeast India, parts of Bangladesh, and Burma. Alternative names '' Ethnologue'' calls the group "Jingpho–Konyak–Bodo", while Scott DeLancey (2015) refers to it as "Bodo-K ... within Sino-Tibetan, while Southern Naga languages form a branch within Kuki-Chin languages subfamily. Classification Angami-Ao Angami-Pochuri The Angami-Pochuri languages: *Angami: **Angami language, Angami **Chokri language, Chokri (Chakri, Chakhesang) **Kheza language, Kheza (Chakhesang) **Sopvoma language, Mao (Sopvoma) **Poula language, Poula (Poumai) *Pochuri: **Pochuri language, Pochuri **Ntenyi language, Ntenyi (Northern Rengma) **Rengma ...
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Kuki-Chin–Naga Languages
The Kuki-Chin–Naga languages are a geographic clustering of languages of the Sino-Tibetan family in James Matisoff's classification used by ''Ethnologue'', which groups it under the non-monophyletic "Tibeto-Burman". Their genealogical relationship both to each other and to the rest of Sino-Tibetan is unresolved, but Matisoff lumps them together as a convenience pending further research. The languages are spoken by the ethnically related Naga people of Nagaland, the Chin people of Burma, and the Kuki people. The larger among these languages have communities of several tens of thousands of native speakers, and a few have more than 100,000, such as Mizo (674,756 in India as of 2001), Thadou (150,000) or Lotha language (180,000). "Kuki" and "Chin" are essentially synonyms, whereas the Naga speak languages belonging to several Sino-Tibetan branches. Languages The established branches are: * Kuki-Chin ** Southern Naga (Northwestern) ** Northern ** Central ** Maraic ** Khomic * ...
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Sopvoma Language
Sopvoma or Mao is a Sino-Tibetan language of Angami–Pochuri linguistic sub branch. It is spoken primarily in Senapati district, northwestern Manipur and in Nagaland, India. It is similar to Angami. According to ''Ethnologue'' (2009), the Paomata dialect may be the same as Poumei (Poumai) Naga, which has received a separate ISO code. See Mao Naga Language for further details. Mao is somewhat similar to the Sino-Tibetian languages in terms of grammar and style of use. Unlike English it is a phonetic and tonal language. Spoken mainly by the Mao Nagas A story referring to the Angami peoples and the Mao peoples (Not to be confused with China's ex-chairman) shows how the two amicably split into the north and south (i.e. Nagaland, Manipur), also showing why the two languages are similar. The script has been lost for years, following a story where a mouse/mice ate the script written on animal-skin causing the script to be lost and ultimately leading to illiteracy Li ...
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Chirr Language
Chirr is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Chirr Naga (Yimkhiung) community in northeast India. It is related to other Yimkhiungrü language and is sometimes considered as a dialect of the Yimkhiung Naga Yimkhiung (formerly formally misspelled as Yimchunger) is a Naga ethnic group whose traditional territory includes Shamator and Kiphire District in the Indian state of Nagaland and western areas of Burma. Etymology The word Yimkhiung means "t ...s. References {{Languages of Northeast India Naga people Languages of Nagaland Ao languages ...
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Tikhir Language
Tikhir is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Tikhir Naga community in northeast India. It is related to other Yimkhiungrü language Yimkhiungrü, also Yachumi (Yatsumi) in Sümi, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in northeast India by the Yimkhiung Naga people. It is spoken between Namchik and Patkoi in Shamator District, eastern Nagaland, India. Yimkhiungrü language has m ... and is sometimes considered as a dialect of the Yimkhiung Nagas. References {{Languages of Northeast India Naga people Languages of Nagaland Ao languages ...
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Yimkhiungrü Language
Yimkhiungrü, also Yachumi (Yatsumi) in Sümi, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in northeast India by the Yimkhiung Naga people. It is spoken between Namchik and Patkoi in Shamator District, eastern Nagaland, India. Yimkhiungrü language has more than 100,000 speakers and is used in over 100 villages and towns. Dialects ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...'' lists the following dialects of Yimchungrü: * Tikhir * Wai * Chirr * Minir * Phanungru * Langa References Further reading *Kumar, Braj Bihari. (1973). ''Hindi–Yimchungrü–English dictionary.'' Kohima, India: Nagaland Bhasha Parishad. *(2004). Where on earth do they speak Naga, Yimchungru? Retrieved from http://www.verbix.com/maps/language/NagaYimchungru.html External links Yimchungrü ...
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Sangtam Language
Sangtam, also called Thukumi, Isachanure, or Lophomi, is a Naga language spoken in northeast India. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India. Dialects ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensiv ...'' lists the following dialects of Sangtam. *Kizare *Pirr (Northern Sangtam) *Phelongre *Thukumi (Central Sangtam) *Photsimi *Purr (Southern Sangtam) The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety. Phonology Sangtam is unusual in having two stops with bilabial trilled release, .Coupe (2015"Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam" ''Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10–14 August 2015'' All phonemes with /t/ are dental ...
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Lotha Language
The Lotha language is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by approximately 180,000 people in Wokha district of west-central Nagaland, India. It is centered in the small district of Wokha (capital Wokha). This district has more than 114 villages such as Pangti, Maraju (Merapani), Englan, Baghty (Pakti) and others, where the language is widely spoken and studied. Names Alternate names include Chizima, Choimi, Hlota, Kyong, Lhota, Lotha, Lutha, Miklai, Tsindir, and Tsontsii (''Ethnologue''). Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists the following dialects of Lotha. *Live *Tsontsü *Ndreng *Kyong *Kyo *Kyon *Kyou In the ''Linguistic Survey of India'', linguist George Abraham Grierson analyzed various branches of languages in India and categorized various Naga languages into three groups: Western Naga, Eastern Naga, and Central Naga. Lotha falls into the Central Naga group, which also includes the languages Ao, Sangtam, and Yimkhiungrü. Phonology Consonants * /v/ when followed by /o ...
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Mongsen Ao Language
Mongsen Ao is a member of the Ao languages, a branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, predominantly spoken in central Mokokchung district of Nagaland, northeast India. Its speakers see the language as one of two varieties of a greater "Ao language," along with the prestige variety Chungli Ao. A chapter in the anthropological monograph of Mills (1926) provides a grammatical sketch of the variety of Mongsen Ao spoken in Longjang village. Coupe (2003) is one of the few acoustic studies published on a Kuki-Chin-Naga language (only three exist). Coupe (2007) is a reference grammar of the language, based on a revision of his PhD dissertation (Coupe 2004). Alphabet The Ao alphabet is based on the Latin script and was developed in the 1880s by the Christian missionary Edward W. Clark for Chungli Ao. The system is not based on phonemic principles and does not represent tone. A Christian Bible was published using the orthography in 1964. Coupe (2003) suggests a more consistent alphabet ...
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Chungli Ao Language
Chungli Ao is the prestige dialect of Ao and it is a Sino-Tibetan language of northeast India. It is the most widely spoken of the Ao languages which also comprise Mongsen Ao and Changki. It is taught up to the tenth grade in schools of the Mokokchung district. It is also spoken by the Ao Nagas of Nagaland, a hill state in northeast India. Being the official language of religion, the dialect has a Bible translation and is used in church services as well as to make public announcements. A local Chungli newspaper is also published online. The number of speakers who reported Chungli Ao as their mother tongue are approximately 130,000 according to the 2011 census report of India. A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Central-Naga has been compiled by Daniel Bruhn
''A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto- ...
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Ao Language
The Ao language is a Naga language spoken by the Ao Naga in Nagaland of northeast India. Ao language cluster '' Ethnologue'' lists the following varieties of Ao. * Mongsen Khari *Changki * Chongli (Chungli) *Dordar (Yacham) *Longla Chongli and Mongsen are nearly mutually unintelligible. Mills (1926) lists the Ao Naga tribes of Nagaland as speaking three languages: Chungli, Mongsen, and Changki. Chungli Ao and Mongsen Ao are spoken in majority of the Ao villages, whereas Changki speakers form the minor speakers. Mongsen Ao is spoken primarily in the western part of Ao territory. Changki Ao is spoken only in 3 villages - Changki, Japu and Longjemdang - which is poorly documented though reportedly related to Mongsen Ao. Some Changki speakers can fluently converse in both Mongsen and Chungli, but a Mongsen Ao cannot speak Changki or understand it, whereas a Chungli can hardly understand or speak Changki. Chungli Ao and Mongsen Ao are not mutually intelligible.Escamilla, R. M. ...
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Sümi Language
Sümi, also Sema, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nagaland, India. It is spoken by the Sümi Naga people. It differs from every other Naga languages due to the presence of guttural sounds. Geographical distribution Sümi is spoken in central and southern Nagaland, mainly in Zünheboto District and parts of Niuland District, Dimapur District, Chümoukedima District, Kohima District, Mokokchung District and Kiphire District, as well as in 7 villages of Tinsukia District, Assam (''Ethnologue''). Dialects ''Ethnologue'' lists the following dialects of Sümi. *Dayang (Western Sümi) *Lazami *Jimomi *Zumomi Phonology The transcriptions in this section use the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription, phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standa .... Vowels The vowels of Sümi are ...
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Rengma Language
Rengma, or Southern Rengma, is an Angami–Pochuri language spoken in Nagaland, India. Names Alternate names and dialect names of Rengma include Injang, Moiyui, Mon, Mozhumi, Nzong, Nzonyu, Rengma, Rengma Naga, Southern Rengma, Unza and Western Rengma (''Ethnologue''). Dialects ''Ethnologue'' reports the following dialects of Rengma. *Keteneneyu *Azonyu (Nzonyu, Southern Rengma) Tseminyu is the principal dialect main center. Southern Rengma and Northern Rengma are reportedly inherently unintelligible. Geographical distribution ''Ethnologue'' reports the following locations for Rengma. * Tseminyü District, west-central Nagaland *15 villages of Karbi Anglong District, Assam *Manipur Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of Myanm ... References Languages of Nagaland A ...
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