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NPL Programming Language
NPL is a functional programming language with pattern matching designed by Rod Burstall and John Darlington in 1977. The language allows certain sets and logic constructs to appear on the right hand side of definitions, e.g. setofeven(X) <= <:x: x in X & even(x) :> The NPL interpreter evaluates the list of generators from left to right so conditions can mention any bound variables that occur to their left. These were known as set comprehensions. NPL eventually evolved into but lost set comprehensions, which made a reappearance in the form of list comprehension
A list comprehension ...
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Functional Programming
In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by Function application, applying and Function composition (computer science), composing Function (computer science), functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are Tree (data structure), trees of Expression (computer science), expressions that map Value (computer science), values to other values, rather than a sequence of Imperative programming, imperative Statement (computer science), statements which update the State (computer science), running state of the program. In functional programming, functions are treated as first-class citizens, meaning that they can be bound to names (including local Identifier (computer languages), identifiers), passed as Parameter (computer programming), arguments, and Return value, returned from other functions, just as any other data type can. This allows programs to be written in a Declarative programming, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pattern Matching
In computer science, pattern matching is the act of checking a given sequence of tokens for the presence of the constituents of some pattern. In contrast to pattern recognition, the match usually has to be exact: "either it will or will not be a match." The patterns generally have the form of either sequences or tree structures. Uses of pattern matching include outputting the locations (if any) of a pattern within a token sequence, to output some component of the matched pattern, and to substitute the matching pattern with some other token sequence (i.e., search and replace). Sequence patterns (e.g., a text string) are often described using regular expressions and matched using techniques such as backtracking. Tree patterns are used in some programming languages as a general tool to process data based on its structure, e.g. C#, F#, Haskell, ML, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala, Swift and the symbolic mathematics language Mathematica have special syntax for expressing tree patt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rod Burstall
Rodney Martineau "Rod" Burstall FRSE (born 1934) is a British computer scientist and one of four founders of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh. Biography Burstall studied physics at the University of Cambridge, then an M.Sc. in operational research at Birmingham University. He worked for three years before returning to Birmingham University to earn a Ph.D. in 1966 with thesis titled ''Heuristic and Decision Tree Methods on Computers: Some Operational Research Applications'' under the supervision of N. A. Dudley and K. B. Haley. Burstall was an early and influential proponent of functional programming, pattern matching, and list comprehension, and is known for his work with Robin Popplestone on POP, an innovative programming language developed at Edinburgh around 1970, and later work with John Darlington on NPL and program transformation and with David MacQueen and Don Sannella on Hope, a precursor to Standard ML, Miranda, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Darlington
John Darlington is a British academic, researcher and author. He is an Emeritus Professor at Imperial College London. He was Director of the London e-Science Centre and was head of the Functional Programming and Social Computing Sections at Imperial. Darlington is known for the early work he did on program transformation and functional programming. In his thesis in 1972, Darlington popularized the idea of program transformation, i.e. manipulating programs into alternative forms, preserving their semantics while altering their operational characteristics. Early life and education Darlington completed his B.Sc. (Econ) in 1969 from the London School of Economics and his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the Department of Machine Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh in 1973. He was a Research Fellow at the Edinburgh University from 1973 to 1977. Later he was a Visiting Research Fellow at IBM Yorktown Heights and the Stanford Research Institute. Career In 1977, Darling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Set Comprehension
Set, The Set, SET or SETS may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Mathematics *Set (mathematics), a collection of elements *Category of sets, the category whose objects and morphisms are sets and total functions, respectively Electronics and computing *Set (abstract data type), a data type in computer science that is a collection of unique values ** Set (C++), a set implementation in the C++ Standard Library * Set (command), a command for setting values of environment variables in Unix and Microsoft operating-systems * Secure Electronic Transaction, a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over insecure networks * Single-electron transistor, a device to amplify currents in nanoelectronics * Single-ended triode, a type of electronic amplifier * Set!, a programming syntax in the scheme programming language Biology and psychology * Set (psychology), a set of expectations which shapes perception or thought *Set or sett, a badger's den *Set, a small tuber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hope Programming Language
Hope is a small functional programming language In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are trees of expressions that m ... developed in the 1970s at the University of Edinburgh.Rod Burstall, Burstall R.M, MacQueen D.B, Sannella D.T. (1980) ''Hope: An Experimental Applicative Language''. Conference Record of the 1980 LISP Conference, Stanford University, pp. 136-143. It predates Miranda (programming language), Miranda and Haskell (programming language), Haskell and is contemporaneous with ML (programming language), ML, also developed at the University. Hope was derived from NPL (programming language), NPL, a simple functional language developed by Rod Burstall and John Darlington in their work on program transformation. NPL and Hope are notable for being the first languages with call-by-pattern evaluation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Comprehension
A list comprehension is a Syntax of programming languages, syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing list (computing), lists. It follows the form of the mathematical ''set-builder notation'' (''set comprehension'') as distinct from the use of Map (higher-order function), map and Filter (higher-order function), filter functions. Overview Consider the following example in set-builder notation. :S=\ or often :S=\ This can be read, "S is the set of all numbers "2 times x" SUCH THAT x is an ELEMENT or MEMBER of the set of natural numbers (\mathbb), AND x squared is greater than 3." The smallest natural number, x = 1, fails to satisfy the condition x2>3 (the condition 12>3 is false) so 2 ·1 is not included in S. The next natural number, 2, does satisfy the condition (22>3) as does every other natural number. Thus x consists of 2, 3, 4, 5... Since the set consists of all numbers "2 times x" it is given by S = . S is, in other wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Programming Languages
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill, north of Athens, Greece. Etymology The word comes from the ''Academy'' in ancient Greece, which derives from the Athenian hero, ''Akademos''. Outside the city walls of Athens, the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space, dedicated to the goddess of wisdom, Athena, had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". In these gardens, the philosopher Plato conversed with followers. Plato developed his sessions into a method of teaching philosophy and in 387 BC, established what is known today as the Old Academy. By extension, ''academia'' has come to mean the accumulation, de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Languages
In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are trees of expressions that map values to other values, rather than a sequence of imperative statements which update the running state of the program. In functional programming, functions are treated as first-class citizens, meaning that they can be bound to names (including local identifiers), passed as arguments, and returned from other functions, just as any other data type can. This allows programs to be written in a declarative and composable style, where small functions are combined in a modular manner. Functional programming is sometimes treated as synonymous with purely functional programming, a subset of functional programming which treats all functions as deterministic mathematical functions, or pure functions. When a pure function is called with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
