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Myrmecopterula
''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of coral fungi in the ''Pterulaceae'' family with species which are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy The ''Myrmecopterula'' genus was created in 2020 when the ''Pterulaceae'' family was reclassified based on Phylogenetics, phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula, Pterulicium and Phaeopterula'' genera. ''Myrmecopterula'' is described as differing from ''Pterula'' based on the presence of a cotton like subiculum. In the context of Mycology the subiculum is defined as a net, cottony or crust like growth of mycelium from which hyphae or fruiting bodies are produced. The type species, ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecopterula Moniliformis
''Myrmecopterula moniliformis'' is a species of fungus in the family ''Pterulaceae'' and is the type species of the genus ''Myrmecopterula''. It is associated with fungi cultivating ants of the genus ''Apterostigma.'' Taxonomy ''M. moniliformis'' was originally classified as ''Lachnocladium moniliforme'' by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1904. It was classified as ''Thelephora clavarioides'' by the Portuguese mycologist Camille Torrend in 1914. It was reclassified as ''Pterula moniliformis'' by the English mycologist Edred John Henry Corner in 1952. The genus ''Myrmecopterula'' was created in 2020 by the mycologists Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger & G.W. Griff when a major new reclassification took place of the ''Pterulaceae'' family based on phylogenetic analysis. Description ''M. moniliformis'' produces two distinct forms of mushrooms. The first type resemble irregular strings of beads similar in appearance to some rhizomes produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterula
''Pterula'' is a genus of fungi in the '' Pterulaceae'' family. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 50 species. One such species, ''Pterula sp. 82168'', has yielded potential antifungal antibiotic properties. Taxonomy A major reclassification of the '' Pterulaceae'' family occurred in occurred in 2020 and ''Pterula'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into ''Pterula'', '' Myrmecopterula, Pterulicium and Phaeopterula'' genera by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ... accepted 67 species of ''Pterula''. References External links * Pterulaceae Agaricales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterulicium
''Pterulicium'' is a genus of fungi in the Pterulaceae family. The genus was previously monotypic, containing the single species ''Pterulicium xylogenum'', found in southeast Asia. However in 2020 a major reclassification of the Pterulaceae family occurred based on phylogenetic analysis and the '' Pterula'' genus was split into '' Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula, Pterulicium and Phaeopterula ''Phaeopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the ''Pterulaceae'' family containing species formerly classified as '' Pterula''. Taxonomy This genus was originally classified by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1905 but it became in ...'' by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith. Species , Species Fungorum accepted 42 species of ''Pterulicum''. References External links * Pterulaceae Fungi of Asia Monotypic Agaricales genera {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeopterula
''Phaeopterula'' is a genus of fungi in the ''Pterulaceae'' family containing species formerly classified as '' Pterula''. Taxonomy This genus was originally classified by the German mycologist Paul Christoph Hennings in 1905 but it became inactive when the species it contained were reclassified as '' Pterula'' species. The genus was resurrected in 2020 when a major reclassification of the ''Pterulaceae'' family occurred and '' Pterula'' was reclassified based on phylogenetic analysis and split into '' Pterula'', ''Myrmecopterula ''Myrmecopterula'' is a genus of coral fungi in the ''Pterulaceae'' family with species which are associated with ant domestication by members of the genus ''Apterostigma''. Taxonomy The ''Myrmecopterula'' genus was created in 2020 when the ' ..., Pterulicium and Phaeopterula'' genera by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith. Three former ''Pterula'' species were added to this genus. Species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterulaceae
The ''Pterulaceae'' are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contained 99 species previously distributed among 12 genus, genera. More recent data from molecular phylogenetic reconstruction showed that members of the genus ''Parapterulicium'' are unrelated to Pterulaceae and also polyphyletic. A new genus ''Baltazaria'' was created and both genera were moved to Russulales, to families Lachnocladiaceae and Peniophoraceae respectively. A major reappraisal of ''Pterulaceae'' was recently published by Leal-Dutra ''et al''., creating the new genus ''Myrmecopterula'', to encompass those species cultivated by ''Apterostigma'' ants in the neotropics, and resurrecting the genus ''Phaeopterula'' to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The genus ''Deflexula'' was merged into ''Pterulicium''. Additionally, the genera ''Aphanobasidium'', ''Radulomyces'' and ''Radulotubus'' were removed to a new family, ''Radulomycetaceae''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucoagaricus Gongylophorus
''Leucoagaricus gongylophorus'' is a fungus in the family Agaricaceae which is cultivated by certain leafcutter ants. Like other species of fungi cultivated by ants, ''L. gongylophorus'' produces gongylidia, nutrient-rich hyphal swellings upon which the ants feed. Production of mushrooms occurs only once ants abandon the nest. ''L. gongylophorus'' is farmed by leaf cutter ant species belonging to the genera ''Atta'' and ''Acromyrmex'', amongst others. Description ''L. gongylophorus'' is completely dependent on ants for survival with workers feeding it cut plant matter and new queens carrying a piece of mycelium in their infrabuccal pocket (a specialised structure within the mouth) in order to found a new colony. For both its source of nutrition and mechanism of spreading it is reliant on the ants. The species has co-evolved with ants so thoroughly that it can no longer rely upon producing mushrooms to emit spores as a viable survival mechanism as it has lost the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmecology
Myrmecology (; from Greek: μύρμηξ, ''myrmex'', "ant" and λόγος, ''logos'', "study") is a branch of entomology focusing on the scientific study of ants. Some early myrmecologists considered ant society as the ideal form of society and sought to find solutions to human problems by studying them. Ants continue to be a model of choice for the study of questions on the evolution of social systems because of their complex and varied forms of eusociality (social organization). Their diversity and prominence in ecosystems also has made them important components in the study of biodiversity and conservation. Recently, ant colonies are also studied and modeled for their relevance in machine learning, complex interactive networks, stochasticity of encounter and interaction networks, parallel computing, and other computing fields. History The word myrmecology was coined by William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), although human interest in the life of ants goes back further, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island ( dependency of Norway), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropical Realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic kingdom. The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in fauna or flora. Its fauna and flora are distinct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Auriculatum
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. Species *'' Apterostigma acre'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma ancilonodum'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma andense'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma angustum'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma auriculatum'' Wheeler, 1925 *''Apterostigma avium'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma bolivianum'' Weber, 1938 *''Apterostigma bruchi'' Santschi, 1919 *''Apterostigma callipygium'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma calverti'' Wheeler, 1911 *'' Apterostigma carinatum'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma chocoense'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma collare'' Emery, 1896 *'' Apterostigma convexum'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma dentigerum'' Wheeler, 1925 *'' Apterostigma depressum' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apterostigma Manni
''Apterostigma'' is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Two species have been described from fossils preserved in Dominican amber, while the others are extant. They are fungus-growing ants, though, unlike the majority of other species in Attini who grow Lepiotaceae, some species have begun cultivating Tricholomataceae. Species *'' Apterostigma acre'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma ancilonodum'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma andense'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma angustum'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma auriculatum'' Wheeler, 1925 *'' Apterostigma avium'' Lattke, 1997 *'' Apterostigma bolivianum'' Weber, 1938 *''Apterostigma bruchi'' Santschi, 1919 *''Apterostigma callipygium'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma calverti'' Wheeler, 1911 *''Apterostigma carinatum'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma chocoense'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma collare'' Emery, 1896 *''Apterostigma convexum'' Lattke, 1997 *''Apterostigma dentigerum'' Wheeler, 1925 *''Apterostigma depressum'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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