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Myriostoma
''Myriostoma'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. Until 2017, the genus was thought to be monotypic with a single, widespread species, '' Myriostoma coliforme''. Recent research has, however, shown that at least six species occur worldwide. Taxonomy and phylogeny Nicaise Auguste Desvaux first defined and published the genus ''Myriostoma'' in 1809, with the single species ''Myriostoma anglicum'' (an illegitimate renaming of James Dickson's original ''Lycoperdon coliforme''). In 1821 Samuel Frederick Gray described the superfluous genus ''Polystoma'' for it. ''Myriostoma'' was classified in the family Geastraceae until 1973, when British mycologist Donald Dring placed it in the Astraeaceae based on the presence of trabeculae (stout columns that extend from the peridium to the central core of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Coliforme
''Myriostoma coliforme'' is a fungal species in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. In the UK, its recommended English name is pepper pot. It has also been called "salt-shaker earthstar". The fungus has a north temperate distribution, but was formerly thought to be more widespread due to confusion with related ''Myriostoma'' species. ''Myriostoma coliforme'' is an uncommon species and appears on the Red Lists of 12 European countries. In 2004 it was one of 33 species proposed for protection under the Bern Convention by the European Council for Conservation of Fungi. Taxonomy The species was first mentioned in the scientific literature by Samuel Doody in the second edition of John Ray's ''Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum'' in 1696. Doody briefly described the fungus as: "fungus pulverulentus, coli instar pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Australianum
''Myriostoma'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. Until 2017, the genus was thought to be monotypic with a single, widespread species, ''Myriostoma coliforme''. Recent research has, however, shown that at least six species occur worldwide. Taxonomy and phylogeny Nicaise Auguste Desvaux first defined and published the genus ''Myriostoma'' in 1809, with the single species ''Myriostoma anglicum'' (an illegitimate renaming of James Dickson's original ''Lycoperdon coliforme''). In 1821 Samuel Frederick Gray described the superfluous genus ''Polystoma'' for it. ''Myriostoma'' was classified in the family Geastraceae until 1973, when British mycologist Donald Dring placed it in the Astraeaceae based on the presence of trabeculae (stout columns that extend from the peridium to the central core of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Herrerae
''Myriostoma'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. Until 2017, the genus was thought to be monotypic with a single, widespread species, ''Myriostoma coliforme''. Recent research has, however, shown that at least six species occur worldwide. Taxonomy and phylogeny Nicaise Auguste Desvaux first defined and published the genus ''Myriostoma'' in 1809, with the single species ''Myriostoma anglicum'' (an illegitimate renaming of James Dickson's original ''Lycoperdon coliforme''). In 1821 Samuel Frederick Gray described the superfluous genus ''Polystoma'' for it. ''Myriostoma'' was classified in the family Geastraceae until 1973, when British mycologist Donald Dring placed it in the Astraeaceae based on the presence of trabeculae (stout columns that extend from the peridium to the central core of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Areolatum
''Myriostoma'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. Until 2017, the genus was thought to be monotypic with a single, widespread species, ''Myriostoma coliforme''. Recent research has, however, shown that at least six species occur worldwide. Taxonomy and phylogeny Nicaise Auguste Desvaux first defined and published the genus ''Myriostoma'' in 1809, with the single species ''Myriostoma anglicum'' (an illegitimate renaming of James Dickson's original ''Lycoperdon coliforme''). In 1821 Samuel Frederick Gray described the superfluous genus ''Polystoma'' for it. ''Myriostoma'' was classified in the family Geastraceae until 1973, when British mycologist Donald Dring placed it in the Astraeaceae based on the presence of trabeculae (stout columns that extend from the peridium to the central core of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Calongei
''Myriostoma calongei'' is a fungal species in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. The fungus was described from Brazil in 2017 as a result of molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences. Previously, it had been identified as ''Myriostoma coliforme'', now known to be restricted to northern, temperate regions. ''Myriostoma calongei'' can be distinguished by the conspicuously verrucose (finely warted) endoperidium The peridium is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi. Description Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubber .... The species has also been confirmed from Argentina, Mexico, and the United States (New Mexico). References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q108092461 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma Capillisporum
''Myriostoma capillisporum'' is a fungal species in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. The fungus was originally described as a variety of ''Myriostoma coliforme'', based on the distinctive and conspicuous ornamentation of its basidiospores. Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usua ..., has shown that it is a separate species, so far only known from South Africa. References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q108092470 category:fungi of Africa Geastraceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastraceae
Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars", which older classifications had placed in Lycoperdales, or Phallales. Approximately 64 species are classified in this family, divided among eight genera, including the ''Geastrum'', ''Myriostoma'' and '' Sphaerobolus''. The ''Sphaerobolus'' are known as "shotgun fungus" or "cannonball fungus". They colonize wood-based mulches and may throw black, sticky, spore-containing globs onto nearby surfaces. The fruiting bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic: in dry weather the "petals" will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it. In this state, often the whole fungus becomes detached from the ground and may roll around like a tumbleweed. Once mature, their exoperidium splits into a variable number of rays, which give Geastrum their visible star shape. The exoperidial rays are ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostiole
An ''ostiole'' is a small hole or opening through which algae or fungi release their mature spores. The word is a diminutive of "ostium", "opening". The term is also used in higher plants, for example to denote the opening of the involuted syconium (fig inflorescence) through which fig wasps enter to pollinate and breed. Sometimes a stoma In botany, a stoma (from Greek ''στόμα'', "mouth", plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates"), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange. The pore is bor ...tal aperture is called an "ostiole"."Synergistic Pectin Degradation and Guard Cell Pressurization Underlie Stomatal Pore Formation", See also * Ostium (other) References Fungal morphology and anatomy Plant anatomy {{botany-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gleba
Gleba (, from Latin ''glaeba, glēba'', "lump") is the fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of certain fungi such as the puffball or stinkhorn. The gleba is a solid mass of spores, generated within an enclosed area within the sporocarp. The continuous maturity of the sporogenous cells leave the spores behind as a powdery mass that can be easily blown away. The gleba may be sticky or it may be enclosed in a case (peridiole). It is a tissue usually found in an angiocarpous fruit-body, especially gasteromycetes. Angiocarpous fruit-bodies usually consist of fruit enclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; such as the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. The presence of gleba can be found in earthballs and puffballs. The gleba consists of mycelium, and basidia and may also contain capillitium threads. Gleba found on the fruit body of species in the family Phallaceae is typically gelatinous, often fetid-smelling, and deliquescent (becomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. * In puffballs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograph'' has a broader meaning—that of a nonserial publication complete in one volume (book) or a definite number of volumes. Thus it differs from a serial or periodical publication such as a magazine, academic journal, or newspaper. In this context only, books such as novels are considered monographs.__FORCETOC__ Academia The English term "monograph" is derived from modern Latin "monographia", which has its root in Greek. In the English word, "mono-" means "single" and "-graph" means "something written". Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship ascertaining reliable credibility to the required recipient. This research is prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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