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Myliobatiformes
Myliobatiformes () is one of the four orders of batoids, cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes, but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the myliobatiforms to be a monophyletic group, and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates. Classification Nelson's ''Fishes of the World'' arranges the Myliobatiformes as: *Suborder Platyrhinoidei **Family Platyrhinidae (thornbacks) *Suborder Zanobatoidei **Family Zanobatidae (panrays) *Suborder Myliobatoidei ( stingrays) **Superfamily Hexatrygonoidea ***Family Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray) **Superfamily Urolophoidea ***Family Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray) ***Family Urolophidae (round stingrays) **Superfamily Urotrygonoidea ***Family Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays) **Superfamily Dasyatoidea ***Family Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays) ***Family Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays) ***Family Gymnuridae The bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batoidea
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays. They and their close relatives, the sharks, comprise the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the largest group of cartilaginous fishes, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces. Anatomy Batoids are flat-bodied, and, like sharks, are cartilaginous fish, meaning they have a boneless skeleton made of a tough, elastic cartilage. Most batoids have five ventral slot-like body openings called gill slits that lead from the gills, but the Hexatrygonidae have six. Batoid gill slits lie under the pectoral fins on the underside, whereas a shark's are on the sides of the head. Most batoids have a flat, disk-like body, with the exception of the guitarfishes and sawfishes, while most sharks have a spindle-shaped body. Many species of batoid have developed their pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartilaginous Fish
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes that have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fishes'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, and a heart with its chambers in series. Extant chondrichthyes range in size from the 10 cm (3.9 in) finless sleeper ray to the 10 m (32 ft) whale shark. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, except in Holocephali, where the notochord stays intact. In some deepw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urolophidae
The Urolophidae are a family of rays in the order Myliobatiformes, commonly known as stingarees or round stingrays. This family formerly included the genera '' Urobatis'' and ''Urotrygon'' of the Americas, which are presently recognized as forming their own family Urotrygonidae. Stingarees are found in the Indo-Pacific region, with the greatest diversity off Australia. They are sluggish, bottom-dwelling fish that have been recorded from shallow waters close to shore to deep waters over the upper continental slope. Measuring between long, these rays have oval to diamond-shaped pectoral fin discs and relatively short tails that terminate in leaf-shaped caudal fins, and may also have small dorsal fins and lateral skin folds. Most are smooth-skinned, and some have ornate dorsal color patterns. Stingarees feed on or near the sea floor, consuming small invertebrates and occasionally bony fishes. They are aplacental viviparous, meaning their embryos emerge from eggs inside the uterus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short-tail Stingray
The short-tail stingray or smooth stingray (''Bathytoshia brevicaudata'') is a common species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It occurs off southern Africa, typically offshore at a depth of , and off southern Australia and New Zealand, from the intertidal zone to a depth of . It is mostly bottom-dwelling in nature and can be found across a range of habitats from estuaries to reefs, but also frequently will swim into open water. One of the largest stingrays in the world, this heavy-bodied species can grow upwards of across and in weight. Its plain-colored, diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc is characterized by a lack of dermal denticles even in adults, and white pores beside the head on either side. The body can have colors as well as dark grey or black with rows of white spots along each wing. Its tail is usually shorter than the disc and thick at the base. It is armed with large tubercles and a midline row of large thorns in front of the stinging spine which has the dorsal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stingray
Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays), Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays), Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) and Myliobatidae (eagle rays). There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world. Some species, such as the thorntail stingray (''Dasyatis thetidis''), are found in warmer temperate oceans and others, such as the deepwater stingray (''Plesiobatis daviesi''), are found in the deep ocean. The river stingrays and a number of whiptail stingrays (such as the Niger stingray (''Fontitrygon garouaensis'')) are restricted to fresh water. Most myliobatoids are demersa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urotrygonidae
Urotrygonidae is a family of rays in the order Myliobatiformes, commonly referred to as the American round stingrays or round rays. They are native to the tropical and warm temperate marine waters of the Americas. The two genera in this family were formerly placed within the family Urolophidae, whose species are now restricted to the Indo-Pacific. They have a round pectoral fin disk, a slender tail with a caudal fin, no dorsal fins, and a venom Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...ous tail spine. References Myliobatiformes Ray families {{Chondrichthyes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urotrygonoidea
Urotrygonidae is a family of rays in the order Myliobatiformes, commonly referred to as the American round stingrays or round rays. They are native to the tropical and warm temperate marine waters of the Americas. The two genera in this family were formerly placed within the family Urolophidae, whose species are now restricted to the Indo-Pacific. They have a round pectoral fin disk, a slender tail with a caudal fin, no dorsal fins, and a venom Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...ous tail spine. References Myliobatiformes Ray families {{Chondrichthyes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skate (fish)
Skates are cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea of rays. More than 150 species have been described, in 17 genera.LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363 Softnose skates and pygmy skates were previously treated as subfamilies of Rajidae (Arhynchobatinae and Gurgesiellinae), but are now considered as distinct families. Alternatively, the name "skate" is used to refer to the entire order of Rajiformes (families Anacanthobatidae, Arhynchobatidae, Gurgesiellidae and Rajidae). Members of Rajidae are distinguished by a stiff snout and a rostrum that is not reduced. Taxonomy and systematics Evolution Skates belong to the ancient lineage of cartilaginous fishes. Fossil denticles (tooth-like scales in the skin) resembling those of today's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyrhinoidei
The Platyrhinidae are a family of rays, commonly known as thornbacks due to their dorsal rows of large thorns. They resemble guitarfishes in shape. Though traditionally classified with stingrays, molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to electric rays in the order Torpediniformes. Genera and species * Genus ''Platyrhina'' J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838 ** ''Platyrhina hyugaensis'' Iwatsuki, Miyamoto & Nakaya, 2011 (Hyuga fanray) ** ''Platyrhina sinensis'' Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (fanray) ** ''Platyrhina tangi'' Iwatsuki, J. Zhang & Nakaya, 2011 (yellow-spotted fanray) * Genus ''Platyrhinoidis'' Garman 1881 ** ''Platyrhinoidis triseriata'' D. S. Jordan & Gilbert Gilbert may refer to: People and fictional characters * Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Gilbert (surname), including a list of people Places Australia * Gilbert River (Queensland) * Gilbert River (South ..., 1880 (thornback guitarfish) References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zanobatoidei
The panrays are a genus, ''Zanobatus'', of rays found in coastal parts of the warm East Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Morocco to Angola. It is the only genus in the family Zanobatidae, which traditionally has been included in the Myliobatiformes order, but based on genetic evidence it is now in Rhinopristiformes or a sister taxon to Rhinopristiformes. The two species of panrays are generally poorly known and one of the species was only scientifically described in 2016. They are up to about long, and brownish above with a heavily mottled, blotched or barred dark pattern. They are ovoviviparous and feed on benthic invertebrates. Species There are two recognized species in the genus: * Maculate panray (''Zanobatus maculatus'') * Striped panray The striped panray (''Zanobatus schoenleinii'') is a species of ray in the family Zanobatidae. It was considered the only species in its genus and family until the description of the maculate panray (''Z. maculatus'') in 2016. The str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyrhinidae
The Platyrhinidae are a family (biology), family of Batoidea, rays, commonly known as thornbacks due to their dorsal rows of large thorns. They resemble guitarfishes in shape. Though traditionally classified with stingrays, molecular evidence suggests they are more closely related to electric rays in the order Torpediniformes. Genera and species * Genus ''Platyrhina'' Johannes Peter Müller, J. P. Müller & Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Henle, 1838 ** ''Platyrhina hyugaensis'' Yukio Iwatsuki, Iwatsuki, Kei Miyamoto, Miyamoto & Kazuhiro Nakaya, Nakaya, 2011 (Hyuga fanray) ** ''Platyrhina sinensis'' Marcus Elieser Bloch, Bloch & Johann Gottlob Schneider, J. G. Schneider, 1801 (fanray) ** ''Platyrhina tangi'' Yukio Iwatsuki, Iwatsuki, Zhang Jie (ichthyologist), J. Zhang & Kazuhiro Nakaya, Nakaya, 2011 (yellow-spotted fanray) * Genus ''Platyrhinoidis'' Samuel Garman, Garman 1881 ** ''Platyrhinoidis triseriata'' David Starr Jordan, D. S. Jordan & Charles Henry Gilbert, Gilbert, 1880 (t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zanobatidae
The panrays are a genus, ''Zanobatus'', of rays found in coastal parts of the warm East Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Morocco to Angola. It is the only genus in the family Zanobatidae, which traditionally has been included in the Myliobatiformes order, but based on genetic evidence it is now in Rhinopristiformes or a sister taxon to Rhinopristiformes. The two species of panrays are generally poorly known and one of the species was only scientifically described in 2016. They are up to about long, and brownish above with a heavily mottled, blotched or barred dark pattern. They are ovoviviparous and feed on benthic invertebrates. Species There are two recognized species in the genus: * Maculate panray (''Zanobatus maculatus'') * Striped panray The striped panray (''Zanobatus schoenleinii'') is a species of ray in the family Zanobatidae. It was considered the only species in its genus and family until the description of the maculate panray (''Z. maculatus'') in 2016. The str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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