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Mycorrhaphium
''Mycorrhaphium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1962. The type species is ''Mycorrhaphium adustum'' (formerly referred to '' Hydnum''). Fruit bodies of species in the genus have caps, stipes, and a hydnoid (tooth-like) hymenophore. There is a dimitic hyphal system, where the skeletal hyphae are found only in the tissue of the "teeth", and a lack of cystidia. The spores are smooth, hyaline (translucent), and inamyloid. Walter Jülich created the family Mycorrhaphiaceae to contain the type genus ''Mycorrhaphium''. This family is now placed in synonymy with Steccherinaceae. Species *'' M. adustulum'' (Banker) Ryvarden (1989) – Europe, North America *'' M. adustum'' (Schwein.) Maas Geest. (1962) *''M. africanum'' Mossebo & Ryvarden (2003)– Africa (Cameroon) *'' M. citrinum'' Ryvarden (1989) – Africa (Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Adustum
''Mycorrhaphium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1962. The type species is ''Mycorrhaphium adustum'' (formerly referred to '' Hydnum''). Fruit bodies of species in the genus have caps, stipes, and a hydnoid (tooth-like) hymenophore. There is a dimitic hyphal system, where the skeletal hyphae are found only in the tissue of the "teeth", and a lack of cystidia. The spores are smooth, hyaline (translucent), and inamyloid. Walter Jülich created the family Mycorrhaphiaceae to contain the type genus ''Mycorrhaphium''. This family is now placed in synonymy with Steccherinaceae. Species *'' M. adustulum'' (Banker) Ryvarden (1989) – Europe, North America *'' M. adustum'' (Schwein.) Maas Geest. (1962) *''M. africanum'' Mossebo & Ryvarden (2003)– Africa (Cameroon) *'' M. citrinum'' Ryvarden (1989) – Africa (Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Adustulum
''Mycorrhaphium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1962. The type species is ''Mycorrhaphium adustum'' (formerly referred to '' Hydnum''). Fruit bodies of species in the genus have caps, stipes, and a hydnoid (tooth-like) hymenophore. There is a dimitic hyphal system, where the skeletal hyphae are found only in the tissue of the "teeth", and a lack of cystidia. The spores are smooth, hyaline (translucent), and inamyloid. Walter Jülich created the family Mycorrhaphiaceae to contain the type genus ''Mycorrhaphium''. This family is now placed in synonymy with Steccherinaceae. Species *'' M. adustulum'' (Banker) Ryvarden (1989) – Europe, North America *'' M. adustum'' (Schwein.) Maas Geest. (1962) *''M. africanum'' Mossebo & Ryvarden (2003)– Africa (Cameroon) *'' M. citrinum'' Ryvarden (1989) – Africa (Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Pusillum
''Mycorrhaphium pusillum'' is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. It is a rare European fungus that has only been officially recorded a few times. Taxonomy The fungus was originally described as a species of '' Hydnum'' by Portuguese botanist Félix Avelar Brotero in 1804. Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the newly created genus ''Mycorrhaphium'' in 1962. It has also been placed in ''Hydnellum'' by Petter Karsten in 1879, and ''Steccherinum'' by Howard James Banker in 1906. Description ''Mycorrhaphium pusillum'' has a small fruit body with a rounded to fan-shaped cap measuring in diameter. Sometimes neighbouring caps fuse together during growth to make a larger conglomerate. The cap colour is pale cream to pale yellowish, sometimes with regions that are pale brown. The pale cream stipe is long and thick. Spines on the underside of the cap are slender, numbering about 7 or 8 per millimetre, and are about a mm long. The mushroom has no di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Stereoides
''Mycorrhaphium stereoides'' is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. The fungus was first described by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke in 1892 as ''Hydnum stereoides''. The original specimens were collected in Perak, Malaysia, where they were found growing on a tree trunk. Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the genus ''Mycorrhaphium ''Mycorrhaphium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus in 1962. The type species is ''Mycorrhaphium adustum'' (formerly referred to '' Hydnum''). Fruit ...'' in 1971. References Steccherinaceae Fungi of Asia Fungi of Europe Fungi described in 1892 {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Citrinum
''Mycorrhaphium citrinum'' is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae that is found in Africa. It was described as a new species in 1989 by Norwegian mycologist Leif Ryvarden. The type collection was made in Chati, a region in the Copperbelt Province in Zambia, where it was found growing in leaf litter. Description The fruit body of the fungus has a circular to fan-shaped of semicircular cap measuring in diameter. Its colour ranges from "citric yellow" (a feature for which it is named) to pale yellowish brown. The underside of the cap features pale yellow, densely crowded spines measuring 1–3 millimetre long. The spores, which measure 3–3.5 by 2–2.5 µm, have a shaped described as somewhat cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid. They are smooth, translucent, nonamyloid, and contain a small oil drop. Like other ''Mycorrhaphium'' species, the dimitic portion of the hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Sessile
''Mycorrhaphium sessile'' is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae that is found in China. It was described as a new species in 2009 by mycologists Hai-Sheng Yuan and Yu-Cheng Dai. The type collection was made in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ..., where it was found fruiting on a fallen branch. References Steccherinaceae Fungi of China Fungi described in 1989 Taxa named by Yu-Cheng Dai {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhaphium Africanum
''Mycorrhaphium africanum'' is a species of tooth fungus in the family Steccherinaceae. It was described as new to science in 2003 by mycologists Dominique Claude Mossebo and Leif Ryvarden. The type was collected in the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon, where it was found fruiting on fallen dead hardwood branches. Description The brownish, funnel-shaped cap measures in diameter, and is supported by a smooth stipe that is long and 3–6 mm in diameter. It is initially whitish before becoming pale brown to reddish brown with pink or white spots. The spines on the cap underside are white but become brownish when dry. They are densely packed, and measure up to long. ''Mycorrhaphium africanum'' has a dimitic hyphal system, comprising generative and skeletal hyphae. The skeletal hyphae are confined to the context of the stipe. Basidia are club-shaped, measuring 12–14 by 4–5 µm. The spores are smooth, hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steccherinaceae
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Czech mycologist Erast Parmasto in 1968. Parmasto's original concept included species that are today classified in the Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales. A large-scale molecular study published in 2012 by Otto Miettinen and colleagues redefined the limits of the Steccherinaceae to include most species of the poroid and hydnoid genera '' Antrodiella'', '' Junghuhnia'', and ''Steccherinum'', as well as members of 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. These genera were traditionally classified in the families Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Meruliaceae. They commented: "we see the need for at least 30 monophyletic, morphologically distinguishable genera. These include no fewer than 15 new genera for both polypores and hydnoid fungi, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydnoid Fungi
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Hydnum'' ("hydnoid" means ''Hydnum''-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related. History ''Hydnum'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with fruit bodies bearing pendant, tooth-like projections. Subsequent authors described around 900 species in the genus. With increasing use of the microscope, it became clear that not all tooth fungi were closely related and most ''Hydnum'' species were gradually moved to other genera. The Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus paid particular attention to the group, producing a series of papers reviewing the taxonomy of hydnoid fungi. The original genus ''Hydnum'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification of cystidia By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus ''Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma () is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles. Structure All basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced. Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium, and the basidia ultimately produce spores. In its simplest form, a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface; such a structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi. In more complex basidiocarps, there is differentiation into a stipe, a pileus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
