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Muthuraja
Muthuraja or Mutharaiyar is a Tamil and Telugu speaking community prevalent in southern India. Etymology The etymology of the community name is unclear. The names Muthuraja and Muthuraiyar may be derived from two words, the Tamil name ''muthu'' meaning "pearl" and ''raja'' or ''raiyar'' both meaning "king". ''Muttaraiyar'' may also be derived from ''mundru'' meaning "three" and ''tharai'' meaning "earth". Their title Ambalakkarar is derived from the Tamil word ''ambalam'' meaning panchayat or "village council", as they served as the heads of these councils. History The origin of the Muthuraja people is shrouded in mystery. Historian T. A. Gopinatha Rao equates them with the Kalabhras as Suvaran Maaran, a prominent 8th century Muthuraja king of Thanjavur is styled ''KalavaraKalvan'' in one of his inscriptions. Few historians like Rao read the epithet it as KalabhraKalvan interchanging the letter ''v'' with ''b''. According to Tamil historians, the Mutharayar are said to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muttaraiyan (title)
Muttaraiyan was a title used by various officials in the Chola government during the medieval period. It should not be confused with the Muthuraja caste and has been borne by persons from various communities. For example, there was one Virarajendra Brahmadhiraya Muttaraiyan and Vikramasola Brahmadiraya Muttaraiyan who were feudatories of Kulothunga Chola III. These two vassals were not Muthuraja chiefs as the word Brahmadiraya meant Brahmin chiefs only. There was another Brahmadiraya Muttaraiyan who was the elder brother of VānaVidyadhara-nādālvan during the time of Kulottunga II. The latter had built a temple called Kulottunga Choleeswara. During the reign of Rajaraja Chola III around 1243 AD, there was an officer called Mallan Sivan alias Brahmadaraya Muttaraiyan, referred to as ''pillai'' (son). He was the holder of the royal fief (''arasukuru'') and the governor of Urattur-nadu. During the reign of Rajaraja Chola I, the head of the elephant corps was Srutiman Nakkan Chandi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mudiraju
The Mudiraju Koli or Mudiraj Koli and Mutrasi Koli, earlier recorded as Mutracha Koli, is a cultivating subcaste of the Koli caste found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Titles * Mannewad, The Mudiraju Kolis were engaged as village guard under the title of Mannewad. * Bantu, The Mudiraju Kolis of South India were served as soldiers under several Princely States and Rajas and received the title of Bantu by rulers. * Cherish, The Mudiraju Kolis who served in ancient kindoms and Empires in India were honoured with the title of Cherish. Classification It is categorised among the Other Backward Classes by the Government of India. See also * Muthuraja Muthuraja or Mutharaiyar is a Tamil and Telugu speaking community prevalent in southern India. Etymology The etymology of the community name is unclear. The names Muthuraja and Muthuraiyar may be derived from two words, the Tamil name ' ... References {{Reflist Indian castes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilango Mutharaiyar
Ilango Mutharaiyar or Ko Ilango Mutharaiyar , also known as Videl Vidugu Ilangovathi Mutharaiyan, was the last ruler of the Mutharaiyar dynasty (610 AD-851 AD). Temples Vijayalaya choleeswaram Narthamalai is from Trichy on the Pudukkottai - Trichy Highway. There can be seen one of the oldest rock-cut temples built by Ilango Mutharaiyar, which was later rebuilt by Vijayalaya Chola, known as Vijayalaya Choleeswaram. The temple is dedicated to Shiva. There are also two rock-cut caves, one of which has 12 life-size sculptures of Vishnu. The temple is maintained and administered by the Archaeological Survey of India as a protected monument. Keezhathaniyam temple Mutharaiyar was responsible for the construction of a temple at Keezhathaniyam, about from Pudukkottai. Known as Uthamadhaneeswarar, it is dedicated to Shiva. See also * |
Kalabhras
The Kalabhra dynasty, also called ''Kaḷabrar'', ''Kaḷappirar'', ''Kallupura'' or Kalvar, were rulers of all or parts of Tamil region sometime between the 3rd century and 6th century CE, after the ancient dynasties of the early Cholas, the early Pandyas and Chera. Information about the origin and reign of the Kalabhras is uncertain and scarce. Their proposed roots vary from southeast region of modern Karnataka, Kalappalars of Vellalar community, to Kalavar chieftains. This age is generally called "The Augustan age of Tamil Literature", in a 1922 book by the name "Studies in South Indian Jainism" written by M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar and B. Seshagiri Rao. The Kalabhra era is sometimes referred to as the "dark period" of Tamil history, and information about it is generally inferred from any mentions in the literature and inscriptions that are dated many centuries after their era ended. According to '' Encyclopaedia Britannica'', the Kalabhras were largely overthrown in the 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar
Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar (705 AD-745 AD), also known as Suvaran Maran and Perarasar Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar he belonged to Muthuraja community.He was a king of Thanjavur. He ruled over Thanjavur, Trichy, Pudukkottai, Perambalur and Thiruvarur as a feudatory of the Pallava dynasty. He attended the coronation of Nandivarman II. Life Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II was born on 23 May 675 AD. His father was Elangovathiaraiyan, alias Maran Parameshwaran. He ascended the throne after his father in 705 AD. He was succeeded by his son Sathan Maran. The historian T. V. Mahalingam believed it possible that the reference to a person called Kataka Muttaraiyar in ancient inscriptions at the Vaikuntha Perumal temple may in fact refer to Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar. He fought in at least 12 battles against the forces of the Pandya and Chera dynasties, allying himself with Nandivarman. The anniversary of Mutharaiyar's birth is celebrated annually all the people and local politicians. They garlan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India by population, sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving Classical languages of India, classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The state lies in the southernmost part of the Indian peninsula, and is bordered by the Indian union territory of Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, as well as an international maritime border with Sri Lanka. It is bounded by the Western Ghats in the west, the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait to the south-eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirumangai Alvar
Thirumangai Alvar (IAST: ), also referred to as Thirumangai Mannan is the last of the 12 Alvar saints of south India, who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. He is considered one of the most learned Alvars, and the most superior Alvar in the context of composition of verses. Pillai 1994, pp. 192–4 He holds the title ''Narkavi Perumal'', the mark of an excellent poet, and ''Parakala'' (Beyond Time). Though he is respected as a Vaishnava saint-poet, he initially worked as a military commander, a chieftain, and then a robber. After his conversion to Vaishnavism, he confronted practitioners the sect of Shaivism, as well as Buddhism and Jainism. Dating and hagiography The traditional date attributed to Thirumangai is year 399 of ''Kali Yuga'', that is 2702 or 2706 BCE, making him traditionally the last of the Alvar saints.Chari 1997, p. 10 Modern scholars have placed the Alvars in between 5th to 9th centuries based on few historical evidence. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kannappa Nayanar
Kannappa was a staunch devotee of Shiva and is closely associated with Srikalahasteeswara Temple. He was a hunter and is believed to have plucked his eyes to offer to Srikalahasteeswara linga, the presiding deity of Srikalahasti Temple. He is also considered one of the 63 Nayanars or holy Saivite saints, the staunch devotees of Shiva. Birth and Life Kannappa Nayanar is a South Indian saint also known as Thinnappan, Dinna, Kannappa, Tinnappan, Dheera, Bhakta Kannappa, Thinnan, Kannappan, Dinnayya, Kannayya, Kannappa Nayanar or Nayanmar, Kannan, Bhakta Kannappan and Dheeran. He was born in a ''vyadha'' (hunter) family, the son of Raja Naga Vyadha and his wife in Uduppura (modern Vutukuru) near Sri Kalahasti, in present-day Utukkuru, Rajampet Andhra Pradesh. His father was a notable gerent among their hunting community and a great Shaiva devotee of Sri Kartikeya. He was named Thinnan or Theeran in tamil by his parents, which is known to Telugu-speakers today as Dinna or Dheera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuddalore District
Cuddalore District is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. History Since ancient times, the old town has been a seaport. Through the centuries, Cuddalore has been subject to a number of foreign powers including the Netherlands, Portugal, France and more recently, the British. In the 1600s, the French and English came to Cuddalore for trade and business. The French established a settlement at Pondicherry and the British at Cuddalore. The French and English, while engaged in the Seven Years' War, fought the naval Battle of Cuddalore on 29 April 1758. It was an indecisive battle between a British squadron, under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and a French squadron, under Comte d'Aché and the newly appointed Governor General Comte Thomas Lally. Cuddalore surrendered to French troops on 29 April 1758. From 1789 to 1794, there was further unrest in Cuddalore due to the War of American Independence and the Second Anglo-Mysore War culminating in the siege of Cudd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viluppuram District
Viluppuram, Villupuram or Vizhuppuram is one of the 38 districts that make up the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded on 30 September 1993, prior to which it was part of the Cuddalore district. Vizhuppuram district lies in the way of the national highway connecting Tiruchirappalli and Chennai, and contains historical landmarks like the 500 year-old Gingee Fort. __TOC__ History Vizhuppuram district was once a part of the South Arcot district along with the Cuddalore district. Later, the Cuddalore district was bifurcated and Vizhuppuram district came into existence on 30 September 1993. As a result, the Vizhuppuram district's history closely resembles that of Cuddalore's. The Cholas were among the earliest rulers. Karikala Chola was the most influential. Simhavishnu Pallava overthrew the Cholas, and the region came under the Pallava rule. Vijayalaya Chola restored the rule of Chola, marking the beginning of the Chola Empire. The entire district became a war zone during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiruvannamalai District
Tiruvannamalai district (previously known as Central Arcot, Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar District) is the largest and one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu, in South India. It was formed in the year 1989 through the bifurcation of North Arcot into the Tiruvannamalai Sambuvarayar and Vellore Ambedkar districts. The city of Tiruvannamalai is the district headquarters. The district is divided into 12 Taluks— Arani, Chengam, Tiruvannamalai, Polur, Thandarampattu, Vandavasi, Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Kilpennathur, Jamunamarathoor, Cheyyar and Vembakkam. As of 2011, the district had a population of 2,464,875 with a sex-ratio of 994 females for every 1,000 males. History Tiruvannamalai is one of the most venerated places in Tamil Nadu. In ancient times, the term "Annamalai" meant an inaccessible mountain. The word "Thiru" was prefixed to signify its greatness, and coupled with the two terms, it was called Thiruvannamalai. Thiru means 'holy' or 'sacred' and is tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
