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Muqarrab (Sufism)
The Muqarrab () is a major spiritual stage (maqaam) that the and (novices and followers of Sufism) reach in their ascetic quest within Islamic Sufism. Presentation Being close to God (''Allah'') is one of the main goals of worship ( ibadah) and mysticism (Sufism) in the religion of Islam. This proximity accompanied by intimacy and modesty allows the Muslim to escape the idleness of the ghaflah and thus to reach the firmament of fanaa in which personal human attributes are diluted and dissolved in order to leave room for contemplation and the ishq accompanying the baqaa state which returns the Sufi to the commonality of mortal life while maintaining his radiant qalb in the state of yaqeen. Islamic ethics and deontology of this path of spiritual rapprochement must keep the murid in the wake of the rabbaniyya which does not aim to accomplish fantastic feats as much as it aspires to live hidayah and ma'rifa in a peaceful and moderate way. Approach and attraction The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maqaam
Maqaam (also known as ''maqām'') or maqaamat (plural), translating to "''stations''" in Arabic, is the various stages a Sufi's soul must attain in its search for Allah.Gardet, L. "Ḥāl." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman; , Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; , E. van Donzel; and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2011. Brill Online. Augustana. 2 April 2011 The stations are derived from the most routine considerations a Sufi must deal with on a day-to-day basis and is essentially an embodiment of both mystical knowledge and Islamic law (Sharia). Although the number and order of maqaamat are not universal the majority agree on the following seven: Tawba, Wara', Zuhd, Faqr, Ṣabr, Tawakkul, and Riḍā. Sufis believe that these stations are the grounds of the spiritual life, and they are viewed as a mode through which the most elemental aspects of daily life begin to play a vital role in the overall attainment of oneness with Allah.Sells, Michael Anthony. Early Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hidayah
Hidaayah ( ar, هداية, ''Hidaayah '' ) is an Arabic word meaning "guidance". According to Islamic belief, guidance has been provided by Allah to humans primarily in the form of the Qur'an. Not only through the Quran, but Hidayah, or guidance, is also provided through Muhammad, and how he lived his life, which is known as the Sunnah of the Prophet. Through his teachings and the guidelines in the Quran, Muslims hope to attain a better lifestyle. oxfordislamicstudies.com See also * Fatwa * * |
Haal
''Haal'' or ''ḥāl'' (Arabic, meaning "state" or "condition", plural ''ahwal'' (''aḥwāl'')) is a special-purpose, temporary state of consciousness, generally understood to be the product of a Sufi's spiritual practices while on his way toward God. Overview A ''ḥāl'' is by nature transient and one should not attempt to prolong it. It results from psychological or spiritual influences which affect the man during his progress towards God. Related concepts are ecstasy ''( wajd)'', annihilation ''( istilam)'', happiness ''( bast)'', despondency ''( qabd)'', awakening ''( sahû)'', intoxication ''( sukr)'', etc. They arise like flashes on the horizon, blinding flashes of lightning which disappear immediately. However, these stages are necessary for the liberating experience of Man; thanks to them he may distinguish the contingent from the consciousness anything, except that which is destined to endure. According to Ibn Arabi, Fanaa (''al-fanâ'') (extinction) is the apex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haqiqa
Haqiqa (Arabic "truth") is one of "the four stages" in Sufism, '' shari’a'' (exoteric path), ''tariqa'' (esoteric path), ''haqiqa'' (mystical truth) and '' marifa'' (final mystical knowledge, ''unio mystica''). The four stages Shariat Shari’a is Islamic law or Islamic jurisprudence as revealed in the Qur'an and Sunna. The first step in Sufism is following every aspect of the law perfectly. The purpose of this is to prove their love for God, by rigorous self-discipline and constant attention to their conduct. When the Sufi fully lives his or her life according to the Shari’a he or she is ready to progress to the second stage. This conformity to earthly rules is important because it recognizes that the spirit of a man or woman is affected by the actions of the body. In this way, bringing the body under the will of God also purifies the spirit and a pure spirit is essential for the second step. Tariqat ''Tariqa'' in Arabic means ''path'' and it denotes a Sufi brotherhoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhawq
In Sufism, dhawq (tasting) is direct, first-hand experience. It refers, principally, to the Gnosis Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge ( γνῶσις, ''gnōsis'', f.). The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it ... of God which is achieved experientially, as a result of rigorous empiric spiritual wayfaring.Ovidio Salazar, "Al-Ghazali: Alchemist of Happiness", Video Documentary. It plays an important role in the epistemology of Al-Ghazzali, and is often expressed, to some extent, in teleological statements scattered throughout his works. References Sufism {{sufism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharia
Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term ''sharīʿah'' refers to God's immutable divine law and is contrasted with ''fiqh'', which refers to its human scholarly interpretations. In the historical course, fiqh sects have emerged that reflect the preferences of certain societies and state administrations on behalf of people who are interested in the theoretical (method) and practical application ( Ahkam / fatwa) studies of laws and rules, but sharia has never been a valid legal system on its own. It has been used together with " customary (Urf) law" since Omar or the Umayyads. It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiqh
''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and examples of the Prophet passed down as hadith). The first Muslims (the Sahabah or Companions) heard and obeyed, and passed this essence of Islam to succeeding generations (''Tabi'un'' and ''Tabi' al-Tabi'in'' or successors/followers and successors of successors), as Muslims and Islam spread from West Arabia to the conquered lands north, east, and west, Hoyland, ''In God's Path'', 2015: p.223 where it was systematized and elaborated Hawting, "John Wansbrough, Islam, and Monotheism", 2000: p.513 The history of Islamic jurisprudence is "customarily divided into eight periods": El-Gamal, ''Islamic Finance'', 2006: pp. 30–31 *the first period ending with the death of Muhammad in 11 AH. *second period "characterized by personal interp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Pillars Of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam (' ; also ' "pillars of the religion") are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name (see Ancillaries of the Faith, for the Twelvers, and Seven pillars of Ismailism). They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able. Overview of Five Pillars of Islam The ritual obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars.Kamal-ud Din, Khwaja. Five Pillars of Islam. Nabu Press, 2010. They are acknowledged and practiced by Muslims throughout the world, notwithstanding their disparities. They are viewed as compulsory for individuals who genuinely wish to pursue a life like that which Muhammad led, which was a prudent and mindful l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret (Sufism)
Secrecy is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups who do not have the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals. That which is kept hidden is known as the secret. Secrecy is often controversial, depending on the content or nature of the secret, the group or people keeping the secret, and the motivation for secrecy. Secrecy by government entities is often decried as excessive or in promotion of poor operation; excessive revelation of information on individuals can conflict with virtues of privacy and confidentiality. It is often contrasted with social transparency. Secrecy can exist in a number of different ways: encoding or encryption (where mathematical and technical strategies are used to hide messages), true secrecy (where restrictions are put upon those who take part of the message, such as through government security classification) and obfuscation, where secrets are hidden in plain sight behind complex idiosyncra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nūr (Islam)
''Nūr'' ( ar, النور) is a term in Islamic context referring to the "cold light of the night" or "heatless light" i.e. the light of the moon. This light is used as a symbol for "God's guidance" and "knowledge", a symbol of mercy in contrast to ''Nar'', which refers to the diurnal solar "hot light" i.e. fire. In the Quran, God is stated to be "the light (Nūr) of the heavens and the earth" ( Verse of Light). Many classical commentators on the Quran compare this to God illuminating the world with understanding, not taken literally. The first and foremost to representatively stand to the concept of ''nūr muḥammadī'' (the essence of Muhammad) being the quintessence of everything was Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani, who described this idea in his book Sirr ul Asrar. This concept was then preached by his disciples. One of Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani's disciples was the Andalusian scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, who categorized ''nūr'' into different levels of understanding from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wazifa
In Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ..., the wazifa ( ar, وَظِيفَة ; ''plural: wazaïf'') is a regular litany practiced by followers and comprising Quranic Ayah, verses, hadiths of supplication and various Duas. Presentation It is recorded in the various rituals of the Sufis that one of their main invocations takes place with an individual or collective daily and weekly dhikr and Wird (Sufism), wird known as ''wazifa''. This ''wazifa'' thus refers only to the part of this ritual devoted to the invocation of the supreme qualities of God (Allah) Almighty. As an example, song and rhyme also play a key role in this ''wazifa'' and provide a bridge and connection to the ''Sufi'' practice of reciting the Names of God in Islam, ninety-nine names of God while me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wird (Sufism)
The wird (plural: awrād) is a regular litany and a mystical invocation practiced by , and in islamic sufism. Presentation In Sufism, the murid's transformation and salvation is done by the practice of special disciplines such as performance of dhikr, remembrance of Allah and his prophet Muhammad, and wird as special invocations, and Quranic recitations, or doing Salah. The wird is then viewed as a devotion or liturgy specific to a particular Sufi order or Tariqa in which the substance is defined and based on dhikr and wird. Sufis designated specific times devoted to Allah and the specific dhikr recited on these occasions. An initiate murid is given the secret wird of the Sufi order upon completion of training, transferring the spiritual power of the silsila of transmission from the founder of the order and Muhammad, to the initiate. Taking wird is equivalent to full initiation into the Sufi tariqa. Benefits Wird is like a spiritual medication taken by the murid every ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
