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Mugulü
Mugulü () was a legendary warrior and chieftain in the Mongolian Plateau during the period when it was under the rule of tribes and peoples originating from the fragmentation of the failed and crumbling Xianbei state, Xianbei confederation. The term "Mongols, Mongol" is a likely derivation from his name. Biography Mugulü was likely born before AD 277, at the end of Tuoba Liwei's Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)#Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219–377 (as Princes of Dai 315–377), reign.Weishvol. 103始神元之末，掠騎有得一奴 tr. "In the beginning of the end of the Tuoba Liwei, Shenyuan, a [Tuoba] raider cavalryman acquired a slave" Little is known about his childhood. His date and place of birth, and the names of his parents or those of his consorts, are not disclosed in Book of Wei. He served in the Xianbei army under the leadership of the Tuoba tribal chief, Tuoba Yilu (295–316) of Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms), Dai. Possibly a legendary figure, he was a Xianbei slave according ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yujiulü Cheluhui
Yujiulü Cheluhui () was ruler and tribal chief of the Rourans, succeeded Mùgǔlǘ (Mugului) and was the son of the same, his year of birth is unknown. He was a rough man and his government was marked by nomadism and peace. Government Migration and peace He gathered his Rouran subordinates. During their reign, the Rourans did not fight, they wandered peacefully, crossing the Gobi Desert like nomads in the winter and moved south and returned north in the summer to live. Rouran was a nomadic country. Although they established the tribe, they still belonged to Tuoba Wei and Xianbei and contributed to them with skins and horses. Heroism and the "tribal meeting" After Mugulü's death, his son Cheluhui, noted for being heroic and vigorous, gather the multitude into a tribal confederation, whose self-name was "Rouran", later derisively changed to "Ruru" ~ "Ruanruan" by Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, who considered them ignorant and worm-like in appearance. The Yujiulü family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouran Khaganate
The Rouran Khaganate, also Juan-Juan Khaganate (), was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin.*Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000)"Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity" ''Early China''. p. 20 The Rouran supreme rulers are noted for being the first to use the title of "khagan", having borrowed this popular title from the Xianbei.Vovin, Alexander (2007). "Once again on the etymology of the title ''qaγan''". ''Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia'', vol. 12online resource The Rouran Khaganate lasted from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century, when they were defeated by a Göktürk rebellion which subsequently led to the rise of the Turks in world history. Their Khaganate overthrown, some Rouran remnants possibly became TatarsXu Elina-Qian''Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan'' University of Helsinki, 2005. pp. 179–180 while others possibly migrated west and beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouran
The Rouran Khaganate, also Juan-Juan Khaganate (), was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin.*Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (2000)"Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamic Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity" ''Early China''. p. 20 The Rouran supreme rulers are noted for being the first to use the title of "khagan", having borrowed this popular title from the Xianbei.Vovin, Alexander (2007). "Once again on the etymology of the title ''qaγan''". ''Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia'', vol. 12online resource The Rouran Khaganate lasted from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century, when they were defeated by a Göktürk rebellion which subsequently led to the rise of the Turks in world history. Their Khaganate overthrown, some Rouran remnants possibly became TatarsXu Elina-Qian''Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan'' University of Helsinki, 2005. pp. 179–180 while others possibly migrated west and bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yujiulü Clan
The Yujiulü clan (; reconstructed Middle Chinese: ''ʔjuk kjǝu ljwo'') was the ruling clan of the Rouran Khaganate, which ruled over Northern China, the Mongolian Steppe and Southern Siberia. Origin According to Book of Wei and History of the Northern Dynasties, the surname Yujiulü is of Donghu origin. The first known Yujiulü was a slave caught by Xianbei mounted raiders under the reign of Tuoba Liwei. The slave, whose hairline started at his eyebrows' level, was called ''Mùgúlǘ'' (木骨閭) - "bald-headed" in the Xianbei language. When grown-up, Mugulü was noted for his strength, emancipated and recruited as a cavalry soldier. For tarrying past the deadline, he was sentenced to death by beheading. But he fled to the mountains and ravines in the Gobi desert, where he gathered another 100 fugitives. The fugitives sought refuge under the Gaoche tribe called Hetulin (紇突隣). The descendants of Mugulü and his companions became the nucleus of the future Rouran Khaganate. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xianbei
The Xianbei (; ) were a Proto-Mongolic ancient nomadic people that once resided in the eastern Eurasian steppes in what is today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeastern China. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into the Wuhuan and Xianbei when they were defeated by the Xiongnu at the end of the third century BC. The Xianbei were largely subordinate to larger nomadic powers and the Han dynasty until they gained prominence in 87 AD by killing the Xiongnu chanyu Youliu. However unlike the Xiongnu, the Xianbei state, Xianbei political structure lacked the organization to pose a concerted challenge to the Chinese for most of their time as a nomadic people. After suffering several defeats by the end of the Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms period, the Xianbei migrated south and settled in close proximity to Han society and submitted as vassals, being granted the titles of dukes. As the Xianbei Murong, Tuoba, and Duan tribes were one of the Five Barbarians who were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yujiulü Disuyuan
Yujiulü is a given surname, generally used by the Yujiulü clan, the ruling family of the Rouran Khaganate. Notable people with the name include: * Consort Yujiulü (died 452), formally Empress Gong, a consort of Tuoba Huang, a crown prince of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China *Empress Yujiulü (525-540), formally Empress Dao, an empress of the Xianbei-led Western Wei dynasty of China *Yujiulü Anagui (died 552), khan of the Rouran (520-552) with the title of Chiliantoubingdoufa Khan *Yujiulü Anluochen (died 554), khan of the Rouran (553-554) * Yujiulü Chounu (died 520), khan of the Rouran (508-520) with the title of Douluofubadoufa Khan *Yujiulü Datan (died 429 AD), khan of the Rouran (414-429) with the title of Mouhanheshenggai Khan *Yujiulü Dengshuzi (died 555), the last khan of the Rouran *Yujiulü Doulun (died 492), khan of the Rouran (485-492) with the title of Fumingdun Khan *Yujiulü Futu (died 508), khan of the Rouran (506-508) with the title of Tuohan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Dai, also rendered as Tai and sometimes known in historiography as the Tuoba Dai (), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Tuoba clan of Xianbei descent, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms (although it is not listed as one of the 16). It existed from AD 310 to 376, with its capital at Shengle (near modern Horinger County of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China). The name "Dai" originated when Tuoba Yilu was appointed the Duke of Dai (代公) by the Western Jin dynasty in 310, as a reward for helping Liu Kun, the Governor of Bingzhou (并州), fight against the Xiongnu-led Han Zhao dynasty. The fief was later promoted from a duchy to a principality in 315. Dai was conquered in 376 by the Former Qin dynasty, and its descendants later established the Northern Wei dynasty in 386. Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219–377 (as Princes of Dai 315–377) Tuoba clan family tree Notes References See also * List of past Chinese ethnic groups * Five Barbarians * Yujiulü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yujiulü Bati
Yujiulü is a given surname, generally used by the Yujiulü clan, the ruling family of the Rouran Khaganate. Notable people with the name include: * Consort Yujiulü (died 452), formally Empress Gong, a consort of Tuoba Huang, a crown prince of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China *Empress Yujiulü (525-540), formally Empress Dao, an empress of the Xianbei-led Western Wei dynasty of China *Yujiulü Anagui (died 552), khan of the Rouran (520-552) with the title of Chiliantoubingdoufa Khan *Yujiulü Anluochen (died 554), khan of the Rouran (553-554) * Yujiulü Chounu (died 520), khan of the Rouran (508-520) with the title of Douluofubadoufa Khan *Yujiulü Datan (died 429 AD), khan of the Rouran (414-429) with the title of Mouhanheshenggai Khan *Yujiulü Dengshuzi (died 555), the last khan of the Rouran *Yujiulü Doulun (died 492), khan of the Rouran (485-492) with the title of Fumingdun Khan *Yujiulü Futu (died 508), khan of the Rouran (506-508) with the title of Tuohan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yujiulü Tunugui
Yujiulü is a given surname, generally used by the Yujiulü clan, the ruling family of the Rouran Khaganate. Notable people with the name include: * Consort Yujiulü (died 452), formally Empress Gong, a consort of Tuoba Huang, a crown prince of the Xianbei-led Northern Wei dynasty of China *Empress Yujiulü (525-540), formally Empress Dao, an empress of the Xianbei-led Western Wei dynasty of China *Yujiulü Anagui (died 552), khan of the Rouran (520-552) with the title of Chiliantoubingdoufa Khan *Yujiulü Anluochen (died 554), khan of the Rouran (553-554) * Yujiulü Chounu (died 520), khan of the Rouran (508-520) with the title of Douluofubadoufa Khan *Yujiulü Datan (died 429 AD), khan of the Rouran (414-429) with the title of Mouhanheshenggai Khan *Yujiulü Dengshuzi (died 555), the last khan of the Rouran *Yujiulü Doulun (died 492), khan of the Rouran (485-492) with the title of Fumingdun Khan *Yujiulü Futu (died 508), khan of the Rouran (506-508) with the title of Tuohan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Northern Dynasties
The ''History of the Northern Dynasties'' () is one of the official Chinese historical works in the ''Twenty-Four Histories'' canon. The text contains 100 volumes and covers the period from 386 to 618, the histories of Northern Wei, Western Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Zhou, Northern Qi, and Sui dynasty. Like the ''History of the Southern Dynasties'', the book was started by Li Dashi and compiled from texts of the ''Book of Wei'' and ''Book of Zhou''. Following his death, Li Yanshou (李延寿), son of Li Dashi, completed the work on the book between 643 and 659. Unlike most of the rest of the Twenty-Four Histories, this work was not commissioned by the state. Content Volumes 1–5 contain the Wei annals including the Eastern Wei and Western Wei emperors. Volumes 6–8 contain the annals of the Northern Qi emperors, volumes 9–10 contain the annals of the Northern Zhou emperors, and volumes 11–12 contain the annals of the Sui emperors. Volumes 13–14 contain the biographie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert (Chinese: 戈壁 (沙漠), Mongolian: Говь (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)) () is a large desert or brushland region in East Asia, and is the sixth largest desert in the world. Geography The Gobi measures from southwest to northeast and from north to south. The desert is widest in the west, along the line joining the Lake Bosten and the Lop Nor (87°–89° east). In 2007, it occupied an arc of land in area. In its broadest definition, the Gobi includes the long stretch of desert extending from the foot of the Pamirs (77° east) to the Greater Khingan Mountains, 116–118° east, on the border of Manchuria; and from the foothills of the Altay, Sayan, and Yablonoi mountain ranges on the north to the Kunlun, Altyn-Tagh, and Qilian mountain ranges, which form the northern edges of the Tibetan Plateau, on the south. A relatively large area on the east side of the Greater Khingan range, between the upper waters of the Songhua (Sungari) and the upper waters of the Liao-h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiele People
The Tiele (, Mongolian ''*Tegreg'' " eople of theCarts"), also transliterated as Dili (), Chile (), Zhile (), Tele (), also named Gaoche or Gaoju (, "High Carts"), were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu. Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling (). Chile and Gaoche The name "Chile" and "Gaoche" first appear in Chinese records during the campaigns of Former Yan and Dai in 357 and 363 respectively. However, the protagonists were also addressed as "Dingling" in the records of the Southern Dynasties. The name ''Gaoche'' ("high cart") was a nickname given by the Chinese.Pulleyblank, "Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China", p. VII 21–26. Book of Jin, compiled by Fang Xuanling et al., listed Chile as the fifth of 19 Southern Xiongnu tribes (種). By the time of the Rouran domination, the Gaoche comprised six tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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