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Morgan Ap Hywel
Morgan ap Hywel (died ) was Lord of Gwynllwg in Wales from about 1215 until his death in 1245, and for many years laid claim to the lordship of Caerleon, which had been seized by the Earl of Pembroke. For most of his life he was at peace with the English, at a time when there were periodic revolts by Welsh leaders against their rule. He may have participated in a crusade between 1227 and 1231. Background Morgan ap Hywel was descended from Rhydderch ap Iestyn, a ruler of most of southern Wales whose grandson Caradog ap Gruffydd was killed in the Battle of Mynydd Carn in 1081. By the time of Caradog's death the Normans had taken control of Gwent and Gwynllwg was contested,Jermyn, Anthony.4: Caerleon Through the Centuries to the Year 2000". 2010 Accessed 13 Feb 2013. and in the following years of the Norman conquest of Wales the Welsh royalty lost many strongholds and became subordinate to the English crown. Caradog's son Owain ap Caradog may have managed to hold onto Caerleon, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwynllwg
Gwynllŵg was a kingdom of mediaeval Wales and later a Norman lordship and then a cantref. Location It was named after Gwynllyw, its 5th century or 6th century ruler and consisted of the coastal plain stretching between the Rhymney and Usk rivers, together with the hills to the north. It was traditionally regarded as part of the kingdom of Glamorgan (), rather than that of Gwent which extended only as far westwards as the River Usk. However, under the Laws in Wales Acts of 1535–42, the hundred was included with those situated to the east, to form the new county of Monmouthshire. Wentloog and St. Woolos The name ''Gwynllŵg'' became a marcher lordship (alternatively called Newport). The name survives as 'Wentloog' in the Wentloog hundred and in villages on the coastal plain such as Peterstone Wentloog and St Brides Wentloog. The name Pillgwenlly for a district of central Newport also contains a corrupted version of this name. The Caldicot and Wentloog Levels also take thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hywel Ab Iorwerth
Hywel ab Iorwerth (also known as Hywel of Caerleon) (d. around 1216) was a Wales, Welsh lord of Caerleon. He was the eldest surviving son of Iorwerth ab Owain, a grandson of Caradog ap Gruffydd and Lord of Caerleon. In 1173 he captured Caerleon Castle and the plains of Gwent from Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Richard Strongbow, Lord of Chepstow. In 1175 he blinded and castrated his uncle Owain Pen-Carn, his father's younger brother, to secure his inheritance. In 1184 at the latest he became heir to his father and lord of Llefennydd, Caerleon and the wooded mountainous region of Gwynllŵg. He is considered to be the founder of the Cistercian Llantarnam Abbey, although it may have been founded by his father. In 1182 in retaliation for the Abergavenny massacre in which his uncle Seisyll ap Dyfnwal had been slain, he burned down Abergavenny Castle of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman baron William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, William de Braose. However, he was the only Wels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl Of Pembroke
Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1207 - 27 June 1241) was the third son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Countess Isabel, the daughter of Richard son of Gilbert, earl of Striguil. Early life By calculating back from the date of his coming of age, Gilbert must have been the child with which his mother was pregnant during the insurrection against the Marshals in Leinster in 1207, and so was born in Ireland at the beginning of his father's political exile there. He would have been about twelve when his father died, and the Marshal biographer calls him then a 'clerk' which signifies he was then in minor orders. He was credited with the title 'magister' (master) in 1234 which he only would have acquired from a period of advanced study at a major school. The name of his private tutor is known to have been Master Henry of Hoo. In 1227 he was presented to Westminster abbey's wealthy living of Oakham in Rutland at which point he was still an acolyte one of the jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machen Castle
Castell Meredydd, also called Castell Machen, was a castle in Gwynllwg, Wales in the 13th century, long since ruined. Location The ruined castle, which is also called Machen, Maghay or Maghhay in historical documents, is in the community of Graig in the historic county of Monmouthshire and the modern authority of Newport. It has been described both as a timber castle and as a masonry castle. There are remains of masonry footings. The site is protected as a scheduled monument. Fortification Castell Meredydd is set on a ledge on a south-facing hillside. The castle consisted of a round tower about in diameter with walls about thick, and another large building about on two natural rocky mounds on the south side of an enclosure about from east to west, and from north to south. There was a latrine chute discharging from the tower keep down the cliff to the south. The knolls on which the keep and the hall stood are separated from the large bailey to the north by a ditch. The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outremer
The Crusader States, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political intrigue. The four states were the County of Edessa (10981150), the Principality of Antioch (10981287), the County of Tripoli (11021289), and the Kingdom of Jerusalem (10991291). The Kingdom of Jerusalem covered what is now Israel and Palestine, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and adjacent areas. The other northern states covered what are now Syria, south-eastern Turkey, and Lebanon. The description "Crusader states" can be misleading, as from 1130 very few of the Frankish population were crusaders. The term Outremer, used by medieval and modern writers as a synonym, is derived from the French for ''overseas''. In 1098, the armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem passed through Syria. The crusader Baldwin of Boulogne replaced the Greek Orthodox ruler o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damietta
Damietta ( arz, دمياط ' ; cop, ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ, Tamiati) is a port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt, a former bishopric and present multiple Catholic titular see. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta, from the Mediterranean Sea, about north of Cairo. Damietta joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities. Etymology The modern name of the town comes from its Coptic name Tamiati ( cop, ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ} Late Coptic: ), which in turn most likely comes from Ancient Egyptian ("harbour, port"), although al-Maqrizi suggested a Syriac etymology. History Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer Stephanus Byzantius, it was called ''Tamiathis'' () in the Hellenistic period. Under Caliph Omar (579–644), the Arabs took the town and successfully resisted the attempts by the Byzantine Empire to recover it, especially in 739, 821, 921 and 968. The Abbasids used Alexandria, Damietta, Aden and Siraf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was a campaign in a series of Crusades by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering Egypt, ruled by the powerful Ayyubid sultanate, led by al-Adil, brother of Saladin. After the failure of the Fourth Crusade, Innocent III again called for a crusade, and began organizing Crusading armies led by Andrew II of Hungary and Leopold VI of Austria, soon to be joined by John of Brienne. An initial campaign in late 1217 in Syria was inconclusive, and Andrew departed. A German army led by cleric Oliver of Paderborn, and a mixed army of Dutch, Flemish and Frisian soldiers led by William I of Holland, then joined the Crusade in Acre, with a goal of first conquering Egypt, viewed as the key to Jerusalem. There, cardinal Pelagius Galvani arrived as papal legate and ''de facto'' leader of the Crusade, supported by John of Brienne and the masters of the Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights. Holy Roman Emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinhold Röhricht
Gustav Reinhold Röhricht (18 November 1842 – 2 May 1905) was a German historian of the Crusades. Biography He was born in Bunzlau in Silesia (now Bolesławiec, Poland), the third son of a miller. He studied at the Gymnasium in Sagan (now Żagań) from 1852 to 1862, and then attended the Berlin Theological School, where he obtained his licentiate in 1866. He then taught at the Berlin School of Religion, teaching Hebrew and German to the upperclassmen and Latin and Greek to the younger students. From 1867 to 1868 he taught at the Dorotheenstädtische Realgymnasium, then at the Luisenstädtische Realschule until 1875. From then until 1904 he taught at the Humboldtgymnasium, first as Oberlehrer and after 1882 as Professor. In 1904, due to poor health, the Prussian Ministry of Education forced him to retire with a pension. The pension was the same as that given to any other Gymnasium professor, and although it was surprising to others who were aware of Röhricht's fame and imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Marshal, 2nd Earl Of Pembroke
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( French: ''Guillaume le Maréchal'') (11906 April 1231) was a medieval English nobleman and was one of Magna Carta sureties. He fought during the First Barons' War and was present at the Battle of Lincoln (1217) alongside his father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who led the English troops in that battle. He commissioned the first biography of a medieval knight to be written, called '' L'Histoire de Guillaume le Mareschal,'' in honour of his father''.'' Early life William was born in Normandy probably during the spring of 1190, the eldest son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and his wife, Isabel de Clare, suo jure 4th Countess of Pembroke and Striguil. His early contract of marriage to Alice de Bethune in 1203 and his connections to Baldwin de Bethune the younger and the Aumale knight, Richard Siward, may indicate that he was at some time fostered with his father's ally, Baldwin, Count of Aumale. He was taken as hostage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Striguil
Striguil or Strigoil is the name that was used from the 11th century until the late 14th century for the port and Norman castle of Chepstow, on the Welsh side of the River Wye which forms the boundary with England. The name was also applied to the Marcher lordship which controlled the area in the period between the Norman conquest and the formation of Monmouthshire under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Origins of the name The name—which was spelled in various alternative forms, including Estrighoiel and Strigoiel in the Domesday Book—probably derives from the Welsh word ''ystraigyl'' meaning 'a bend in the river'. An alternative suggestion is that it derives from Welsh words ''ystre'', meaning boundary or dyke, and ''gwyl'', meaning watch or guard; a combined word ''ystregwyl'' could mean "well-guarded border (or dyke)", perhaps referring to the location's proximity to the southern end of Offa's Dyke. In the medieval period the town which grew up between the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Marshal, 1st Earl Of Pembroke
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: ', French: '), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings— Henry II, his sons the "Young King" Henry, Richard I, and John, and finally John's son Henry III. Knighted in 1166, he spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived." In 1189, he became the ''de facto'' earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare, though the title of earl was not officially granted until 1199 during the second creation of the Pembroke earldom. In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III, and regent of the kingdom. Before him, his father's family held a hereditary title of Marshal to the king, which by his father's time had become recognised as a chief or master Marshalcy, involving management over other Marshals and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches ( cy, Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods. The English term Welsh March (in Medieval Latin ''Marchia Walliae'') was originally used in the Middle Ages to denote the marches between England and the Principality of Wales, in which Marcher lords had specific rights, exercised to some extent independently of the king of England. In modern usage, "the Marches" is often used to describe those English counties which lie along the border with Wales, particularly Shropshire and Herefordshire, and sometimes adjoining areas of Wales. However, at one time the Marches included all of the historic counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire. In this context the word ''march'' means a border region or frontier, and is cognate with the verb "to march," both ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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