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Mont Itoupé
Mont Itoupé (also Sommet Tabulaire) is a 826 metres high mountain on the border of the Camopi and Maripasoula communes in French Guiana, France. It is the second highest mountain in French Guiana after Bellevue de l'Inini. The mountain is located in the Guiana Amazonian Park, and is about 80 kilometres south of Saül. Overview Mont Itoupé is a mountain covered in cloud forests. Often the top of the mountain is literally covered in clouds. To the west of the mountain are the Waki Plains, a vast nearly unexplored land. To the south is an Emerillon trail which links the Maroni to the Oyapock River. Even though the mountain stands in a very remote area, some trees bear witness to the Balatá harvesting of the late 19th century. There is a remarkable difference between the eastern and western slope of the mountain. The eastern slope has an open canopy Canopy may refer to: Plants * Canopy (biology), aboveground portion of plant community or crop (including forests) * Canop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camopi
Camopi is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Camopi is mainly inhabited by Amerindians of the Wayampi and Teko tribes. History In 1738, a Jesuit mission opened on the river Oyapock near the current town of Camopi. The missionaries brought European diseases and caused a depopulation. In 1763, the Jesuits left and most of the population dispersed. During the 18th and 19th century, the Teko had moved into the area which had been home to the Wayampi, and by the 1830s, their territories overlap, however the tribes remained isolated. In 1930s, France and Brasil renewed their interest in the area, and wanted to establish borders. Medical facilities were established in the mid-1950s followed by a school. In the 1960s attempts were made to group the population into bigger villages with limited success. A granman (paramount chief) was installed according to the Maroon hierarchy, but failed to catch on. In 1969, the town of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emerillon People
The Teko (also called Emerillon, Emerilon, Emerion, Mereo, Melejo, Mereyo, Teco) are a Tupi–Guarani-speaking people in French Guiana living on the banks of the Camopi and Tampok rivers. Their subsistence is based on horticulture, hunting and various fishing techniques. As of 2010 they numbered about 410 individuals. History The Teko constitute one of the six now-living ethnic groups of French Guiana already present before colonization. More nomadic than the other ethnic groups of the area, the Teko resided on different rivers in French Guiana during the colonial period, notably on the Approuague and, more recently, they settled within the surroundings of the rivers Tampok and Maroni near the border with Suriname, and the river Camopi near the border with Brazil. Their villages, usually located at a distance from the rivers for protection from raids, were moved frequently due to soil exhaustion, warfare, and several customary reasons, like the death of a chief. The Teko' fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaecostus Curcumoides
''Chamaecostus'' is a group of plants in the Costaceae described as a genus in 2006. It is endemic to South America. ; Species * ''Chamaecostus congestiflorus'' - Venezuela, N Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana * '' Chamaecostus curcumoides'' - French Guiana * '' Chamaecostus cuspidatus'' - E Brazil * '' Chamaecostus fragilis'' - Colombia, N Brazil * '' Chamaecostus fusiformis'' - Pará Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ... * '' Chamaecostus lanceolatus'' - Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana * '' Chamaecostus subsessilis'' - Brazil, Bolivia References {{Taxonbar, from=Q311799 Costaceae Zingiberales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Forests Office (France)
The National Forests Office (french: Office national des forêts), or ONF, is a Cabinet of France, Government of France agency that manages the state forests, city forests and biological reserves. ONF is based in Paris. The office is responsible for the sustainable management of France's approximately 10 million hectares of public forests. The ONF takes over their protection and carries out forestry policing tasks. Around 9,000 civil servants work at the ONF and its regional offices. ONF is under legislation of Ministère de l'Agriculture and Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire. History ONF was founded in 1964. Since 1980, almost a third of the ONF workforce has been cut. The agency had gone through a series of structural reforms in the 2000s. ''Le Monde'' reported in 2012 that 30 forest officials took their own lives between 2002 and 2012. An internal analysis reported demotivation at the workplace, a high level of stress and a serious risk of psychosocial diso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canopy (biology)
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns. In forest ecology, canopy also refers to the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms ( epiphytes, lianas, arboreal animals, etc.). The communities that inhabit the canopy layer are thought to be involved in maintaining forest diversity, resilience, and functioning. Sometimes the term canopy is used to refer to the extent of the outer layer of leaves of an individual tree or group of trees. Shade trees normally have a dense canopy that blocks light from lower growing plants. Observation Early observations of canopies were made from the ground using binoculars or by examining fallen material. Researchers would sometimes erroneously rely on extrapolation by using more reachable samples taken from the understory. In some cases, they would use unconventional methods such as chairs susp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manilkara Bidentata
''Manilkara bidentata'' is a species of ''Manilkara'' native to a large area of northern South America, Central America and the Caribbean. Common names include bulletwood, balatá, ausubo, massaranduba, quinilla, and (ambiguously) " cow-tree". Description The balatá is a large tree, growing to tall. The leaves are alternate, elliptical, entire, and long. The flowers are white, and are produced at the beginning of the rainy season. The fruit is a yellow berry, in diameter, which is edible; it contains one (occasionally two) seed(s). Its latex is used industrially for products such as chicle. Uses The latex is extracted in the same manner in which sap is extracted from the rubber tree. It is then dried to form an inelastic rubber-like material. It is almost identical to gutta-percha (produced from a closely related southeast Asian tree), and is sometimes called ''gutta-balatá''. Balatá was often used in the production of high-quality golf balls, to use as the outer layer of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyapock River
The Oyapock or Oiapoque (; ; ) is a long river in South America that forms most of the border between the France, French Overseas departments of France, overseas department of French Guiana and the Brazilian States of Brazil, state of Amapá. Course The Oyapock runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion. It rises in the Tumuk Humak Mountains, Tumuk Humak () mountain range and flows into the Atlantic Ocean, where its estuary forms a large bay bordering on Cape Orange. The mouth of the Oyapock is the northern ''end'' of Coastline of Brazil, Brazil's coastline, as it is where the border between Brazil and French Guiana meets the ocean, but nearby Cape Orange, which separates the Bay of Oyapock from the Atlantic Ocean, is the northernmost ''point'' of the Brazilian coast. In Brazil, both the cape and the mouth of the Oyapock are often mistaken for the whole country's northernmost point (rather than just of its coastline), and in the past this information could even be found ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maroni River
The Maroni or Marowijne (french: link=no, Maroni, nl, Marowijne, Sranan Tongo: ''Marwina-Liba'') is a river in South America that forms the border between French Guiana and Suriname. Course The Maroni runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion. It originates in the Tumuk Humak Mountains and forms the (disputed) border between France (region of French Guiana) and Suriname. In its upper reaches, it is also known as the Lawa, and close to its source it is known as the Litani. The total length of Litani, Lawa and Maroni is . There are two nature preserves located in the estuary region on the Surinamese side of the river, near the village of Galibi. They provide protection for the birds and the leatherback sea turtles that hatch there. Territorial dispute In 1860, the question was posed from the French side, which of the two tributary rivers was the headwater, and thus the border. A joint French-Dutch commission was appointed to review the issue. The Dutch side of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waki (river)
The Waki (or ''Ouaqui'') is a river in western French Guiana. It is a right tributary of the Tampok (Maroni (river), Maroni basin). It is long. The river has its source as the confluence of the southern Grande Waki which has its source in the Arawa Mountains, and the northern Petite Waki which has its source in the Sommet Tabulaire. Waki was at the heart of a late 19th century gold rush, and the banks of river contain gold mining settlements like Grigel. In the 1970s, the area was completely abandoned. Yet traces of Amerindian presence and Manilkara bidentata, Balatá harvesting by the Aluku Maroon people, Maroons is still visible. In the early 21st century, ''garimpeiros'' (illegal gold miners) have been active on the river again. References Bibliography * Rivers of French Guiana Rivers of France {{FrenchGuiana-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maripasoula
Maripasoula, previously named Upper Maroni, is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. With a land area of , Maripasoula is the largest commune of France. Geography The Lawa and Maroni Rivers form a natural border with Suriname on the west, and with Brazil on the south. Villages * Alawataimë enï * Antecume Pata * Élahé * Epoja * Kayodé * Kulumuli * Nouveau Wakapou * Palasisi * Palimino * Pëleya * Pilima * Talhuwen * Tedamali Transport Maripasoula is served by Maripasoula Airport, with services on one commercial passenger airline. The commune can be accessed only by air, or by boat via the Maroni river. The unpaved path between Maripasoula and Papaïchton will be turned into a proper road. Road work has commenced on 20 July 2020 and is scheduled to be completed by 2021. There are plans to extend the Route Nationale from Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni to Maripasoula, however the Route Nationale currently ends so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cloud Forests
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level, formally described in the ''International Cloud Atlas'' (2017) as silvagenitus. Cloud forests often exhibit an abundance of mosses covering the ground and vegetation, in which case they are also referred to as mossy forests. Mossy forests usually develop on the saddles of mountains, where moisture introduced by settling clouds is more effectively retained. Cloud forests are among the most biodiversity rich ecosystems in the world with a large amount of species directly or indirectly depending on them. Other moss forests include black spruce/feathermoss climax forest, with a moderately dense canopy and a forest floor of feathermosses including ''Hylocomium splendens'', ''Pleurozium schreberi'' and ''P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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