|
Mokslas Skaitymo Rašto Lietuviško
''Mokslas skaitymo rašto lietuviško'' (Old Lithuanian: ''Moksłas skaityma raszta lietuwiszka''; en, The Science of Reading the Lithuanian Writing) is the first Catholic primer of the Lithuanian language. The first Lithuanian primer ''Mokslas skaitymo rašto lenkiško'' (Old Lithuanian: ''Moksłas skaytima raszto lękiszko''; en, The Science of Reading the Polish Writing) was published in 1759–1761, however later it was published with a name ''Mokslas skaitymo rašto lietuviško'' (Old Lithuanian: ''Moksłas skaityma raszta lietuwiszka''; en, The Science of Reading the Lithuanian Writing). In 1776–1790, about 1,000 copies of the primer were issued annually, in total – over 15,000 copies. This primer was published until 1864 and was the most important factor in educating the mass audience of readers of the Lithuanian literature. Gallery File:Moksłas skaytima raszto lękiszko del mazu waykialu (in Lithuanian language), Vilnius, 1766.jpg, ''Mokslas skaitymo rašto lenki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian language, Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages. For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Balts, Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, Monarchy of Lithuania, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catechism Of Mikalojus Daukša
The ''Catechism, or Education Obligatory to Every Christian'' ( lt, Katekizmas, arba mokslas kiekvienam krikščioniui privalus, original Lithuanian: ''Kathechismas, arba Mokslas kiekwienam krikszczionii priwalvs'') of Mikalojus Daukša was the first Lithuanian-language book printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was published by the press of Vilnius Jesuit Academy in 1595 with financial support of Bishop Merkelis Giedraitis. The catechism is not an original work but a translation. As such, the work holds little value in terms of content, but is extremely valuable to the study of the Lithuanian language due to its lexical richness. The sole surviving copy is kept at Vilnius University Library. Earlier books There were earlier publications in Lithuanian, but they were published by Protestants in the Duchy of Prussia, including Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas in 1547 and Postil of Jonas Bretkūnas in 1591. Earlier researchers, including Vaclovas Biržiška and Zenonas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal Readers
Basal or basilar is a term meaning ''base'', ''bottom'', or ''minimum''. Science * Basal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features associated with the base of an organism or structure * Basal (medicine), a minimal level that is necessary for health or life, such as a minimum insulin dose * Basal (phylogenetics), a sister group relationship in a phylogenetic tree Places * Basal, Hungary, a village in Hungary * Basal, Pakistan, a village in the Attock District Other * Basal plate (other) * Basal sliding, the act of a glacier sliding over the bed before it due to meltwater increasing the water pressure underneath the glacier causing it to be lifted from its bed * Basal conglomerate, see conglomerate (geology) Conglomerate () is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts. A conglomerate typically contains a matrix of finer-grained sediments, such as sand, silt, or clay, which fill ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Grammar
Lithuanian grammar retains many archaic features from Proto-Balto-Slavic that have been lost in other Balto-Slavic languages, and is consequently very complex. Properties and morphological categories Grammatical terminology : Gender Lithuanian nouns are classified into one of two genders: * masculine * feminine Lithuanian adjectives, numerals, pronouns and participles are classified into one of three genders: * masculine * feminine * neuter Since no noun can have a neutral gender, it is used with subjects of neutral or undefined gender: *Ji () yra graži () – She is beautiful. *Mokytojas () bus pasirengęs () – The teacher will be ready. *Skaityti buvo įdomu (''neuter'') – Reading was interesting. The gender of a pronoun kas – 'who? what?', personal pronouns aš / mes – 'I' / 'we', tu / jūs – 'you (singular) / you (plural)' and a reflexive pronoun savęs is indefinite, it means any of the genders. The word ''kas'' uses masculine inflections, the other pronou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Books
Lithuanian may refer to: * Lithuanians * Lithuanian language * The country of Lithuania * Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Culture of Lithuania * Lithuanian cuisine * Lithuanian Jews as often called "Lithuanians" (''Lita'im'' or ''Litvaks'') by other Jews, sometimes used to mean Mitnagdim See also * List of Lithuanians This is a list of Lithuanians, both people of Lithuanian descent and people with the birthplace or citizenship of Lithuania. In a case when a person was born in the territory of former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and not in the territory of modern ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1759 Books
In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War. Events January–March * January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. * January 11 – In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated. * January 13 – Távora affair: The Távora family is executed, following accusations of the attempted regicide of Joseph I of Portugal. * January 15 – **Voltaire's satire ''Candide'' is published simultaneously in five countries. ** The British Museum opens at Montagu House in London (after six years of development). * January 27 – Battle of Río Bueno: Spanish forces, led by Juan Antonio Garretón, defeat indigenous Huilliches of southern Chile. * February 12 – Ali II ibn Hussein becomes the new Ruler of Tunisia upon the death of his brother, Muhammad I ar-Rashid. Ali reigns for 23 years until his death in 1782. * February 16 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistics Books
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammatica Litvanica
''Grammatica Litvanica'' ( lt, Lietuvių kalbos gramatika, lit=Lithuanian grammar) is the first prescriptive printed grammar of the Lithuanian language which was written by Daniel Klein in Latin and published in 1653 in Königsberg, Duchy of Prussia. Overview The ''Grammatica Litvanica'' was printed in 1653 by Johann Reusner who arrived to Königsberg from Rostock in 1639. The checking of the manuscript of the ''Grammatica Litvanica'' was entrusted to Johann Lehmann, a priest of Lithuanian churches in Klaipėda. The ''Grammatica Litvanica'' mostly follows the traditional Latin grammarians scheme (also in some parts Greek and Hebrew grammars) while the lexical material was taken from the living Lithuanian language and writings. With this work Klein sought to prove that the Lithuanian language can also have its own grammar. The dedication of the book contains emphasis that Duke Friedrich Wilhelm and the Prussian authorities takes care of publishing of the Lithuanian books. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universitas Lingvarum Litvaniae
''Universitas lingvarum Litvaniæ'' ( lt, Lietuvos kalbų visuma; en, The Entirety of the Lithuanian language) is the oldest surviving grammar of the Lithuanian language published in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was written in Latin and was published in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius by the Vilnius University Press in 1737. Its author is unknown, however the grammar of the Lithuanian language shows that the author may have originated from the districts of Dotnuva, Kėdainiai, Surviliškis, Šėta. It was written independently as there is no influence of the grammar of the Lithuanian language of Lithuania Minor. The structure of the ''Universitas lingvarum Litvaniæ'' and the classification of parts of language were influenced by the Latin and Polish grammars of that period. The most important feature of the ''Universitas lingvarum Litvaniæ'', which distinguishes it from other grammars of the Lithuanian language of that period, is the understanding of the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merkelis Petkevičius
Merkelis Petkevičius ( pl, Melchior Pietkiewicz; 1550–1608) was a Reformation (Calvinist) activist in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was a nobleman who worked as a court scribe in Vilnius for almost thirty years. In 1598, he published the first Lithuanian-language Protestant book printed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the first Lithuanian Protestant book was printed in Konigsberg in 1547 by Martynas Mažvydas). This book, a bilingual catechism in Polish and Lithuanian, was published in response to the publication of the Roman Catholic catechism of Mikalojus Daukša. However, book's heavy, artificial language with numerous loanwords make it linguistically inferior to Daukša's work. Biography Petkevičius was born to a wealthy family of Lithuanian nobles around 1550. According to the military census of 1528, his grandfather Grigas Petkevičius had to send four men to the army in case of war. Petkevičius' father Jonas had manors near Maišiagala and Salakas. Orphaned as a te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postil Of Jonas Bretkūnas
''Postilė'' (full title: ''Postilla, tatai esti trumpas ir prastas ischguldimas euangeliu'') is a 1000-page postil (collection of sermons and Bible commentaries) written in the Lithuanian language by Jonas Bretkūnas in 1591. It was designed for the purposes of Protestant priests serving Lithuanian communities in East Prussia (territory sometimes known as Lithuania Minor). The book was used until the 18th century. ''Postilė'' is one earliest works in Lithuanian that were not merely translations but also included original texts. It contains much ethnographic data about everyday life of the common people. About 30 copies of ''Postilė'' survive; 10 of them are kept in Lithuanian libraries and museums. See also * ''Catechism'' of Martynas Mažvydas – the first printed book in the Lithuanian language, printed in 1547 * Catechism of Mikalojus Daukša – the first Lithuanian Roman Catholic catechism published in 1595 * Catechism of Merkelis Petkevičius – the first Lithuanian Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Language
Lithuanian ( ) is an Eastern Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the official language of Lithuania and one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200,000 speakers elsewhere. Lithuanian is closely related to the neighbouring Latvian language. It is written in a Latin script. It is said to be the most conservative of the existing Indo-European languages, retaining features of the Proto-Indo-European language that had disappeared through development from other descendant languages. History Among Indo-European languages, Lithuanian is conservative in some aspects of its grammar and phonology, retaining archaic features otherwise found only in ancient languages such as Sanskrit (particularly its early form, Vedic Sanskrit) or Ancient Greek. For this reason, it is an important source for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
