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Mohamed Mizzian
Mohammed ben Mizzian (born as Mohammed Ameziane; 1 February 1897 – 1 May 1975) was a Moroccan marshal from Beni Ansar. During the Spanish Civil War he commanded a section of the ''Regulares Indígenas'' troops, who formed the shock troops of the Nationalist Army. Their fierceness in combat made them highly feared among Spanish Republican Army ranks. After holding many high military posts in Francoist Spain Mizzian reached the rank of Lieutenant General of the Spanish Army. Summoned by King Mohammed V, in 1957 he moved to Morocco following the independence of the country. In 1970, he was made a Field marshal and is the only person to have ever held that title in the Moroccan Army. Family Born on 1 February 1897 in Beni Ansar, son of Bel Qasem al-Zahrawi al-Mazzuji al-Qale'i, the caïd of the Mazzuja tribe, called by the Spanish ''Mizián "el Bueno"'' ("the Good One"). In Spain Trained at the Military Academy in Toledo, Spain, which he joined in 1913, he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beni Ensar
Beni Ansar (Tarifit: Bni Nṣaa, ⴱⵏⵉ ⵏⵚⴰⴰ; Arabic: بني أنصار; Spanish: Beni Ensar) is a town in Nador Province, Oriental, Morocco, located 12 km (7½ miles) north of the city of Nador. It is bordered on the north by the Spanish-controlled city of Melilla. According to the 2014 census, Beni Ensar has a population of 56,582, and its area is 20 hectares (50 acres). The port of Beni Ansar is one of the main ports of Morocco, serving the city of Nador (Beni Ansar port is usually referred to as Nador Port). The urban area is bordered on the west by Mount Gurugu Mount Gurugu (Jbel Gurugu, Massif de Gourougou, جبل_كوروكو,) is a rural area in Morocco located almost entirely in the town of Bni Chiker near the province of Nador. The Mountain is densely populated, with no proper census having been ... (''Adraa n Gurugu'') and a highway, and on the east by the Lagoon of Nador (''Mar Chica'' or ''Řebḥaa Ameẓẓyan''), the railway, and the industr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regulares
The Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas ("Indigenous Regular Forces"), known simply as the Regulares (Regulars), are volunteer infantry units of the Spanish Army, largely recruited in the cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Consisting of indigenous infantry and cavalry recruited in Spanish Morocco, forming part of the Army of Africa and officered by Spaniards, these troops played a significant role in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). History Establishment The Regulares were first raised in 1911 as a "batallón indígena" of infantry. Their formation came at a time when the Spanish army was expanding into the Moroccan hinterland from the long-held coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. Previously use had been made of Moroccan auxiliaries as scouts and the designation of "regulars" appears to have been intended to distinguish the newly raised force as a permanent unit of the Spanish army. Officers and some NCOs were seconded from Peninsular regiments. By 1914 four Groups (''Grupos'', the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spanish State, Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title ''Caudillo''. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship. Born in Ferrol, Spain, Ferrol, Galicia (Spain), Galicia, into an upper-class military family, Franco served in the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy from 1907 to 1910. While serving in Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Morocco, he rose through the ranks to become a brigadier general in 1926 at age 33, which made him the #Military career, youngest general in all of Europe. Two years later, Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelkrim
ʻAbd al-Karīm (ALA-LC romanization of ar, عبد الكريم) is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, also a surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' ʻabd'' and ''al-Karīm'', one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the most Generous". It is rendered as ''Abdolkarim'' in Persian, ''Abdulkerim'' in Albania, Bosnia and ''Abdülkerim'' in Turkey. It may refer to: Given name *Abd al-Karīm ibn Hawāzin Qushayri (986–1074), Persian philosopher * ʻAbd al-Karim al-Jili (1366–1424), Sufi author who studied in Yemen *Abdal-Karim Khan Astrakhani, Khan of Astrakhan, 1490–1504 * `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad (ruled 1825–1834), Emir of Harar, Ethiopia *Abdülkerim Nadir Pasha (1807–1883), Ottoman Turkish soldier *Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi (1859–1937), Iranian Twelver Shia Muslim cleric * Abdul Karim (Ghanaian footballer) (born 2000), Ghanaian footballer *Abdul Karim (the Munshi) (1863–1909), Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rif Wars
The Rif War () was an armed conflict fought from 1921 to 1926 between Spain (joined by France in 1924) and the Berber tribes of the mountainous Rif region of northern Morocco. Led by Abd el-Krim, the Riffians at first inflicted several defeats on the Spanish forces by using guerrilla tactics and captured European weapons. After France's military intervention against Abd el-Krim's forces and the major landing of Spanish troops at Al Hoceima, considered the first amphibious landing in history to involve the use of tanks and aircraft, Abd el-Krim surrendered and was taken into exile. In July 1909, Spanish workers constructing a rail-bridge providing access to iron mines near Melilla were attacked by Rifian tribesmen. This incident led to the summoning of reinforcements from Spain itself. A series of skirmishes over the following weeks cost the Spanish over a thousand casualties. By September, the Spanish Army had 40,000 troops in northern Morocco and had occupied the tribal r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Protectorate Of Morocco
The Spanish protectorate in Morocco ; es, Protectorado español de Marruecos, links=no, was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. The Spanish protectorate consisted of a northern strip on the Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar, and a southern part of the protectorate around Cape Juby, bordering the Spanish Sahara. The northern zone became part of independent Morocco on 7 April 1956, shortly after France ceded its protectorate (French Morocco). Spain finally ceded its southern zone through the Treaty of Angra de Cintra on 1 April 1958, after the short Ifni War. The city of Tangier was excluded from the Spanish protectorate and received a special internationally controlled status as Tangier International Zone. Since France already held a protectorate over most of the country and had controlled Morocco's foreign affairs since 30 March 1912, it also held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alférez (rank)
''Alférez'' is a junior officer rank in the militaries of Spain, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. The Portuguese variant ''alferes'' is used in Portugal, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and East Timor and was also formerly used in Brazil. The naval rank of ''alférez de fragata'' is used in Spain, Dominican Republic and Peru. ''Alférez'' and ''alferes'' are often translated as ensign, but are also sometimes translated as sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant. These translations are approximate. As a military rank, it corresponds usually to NATO rank code is OF-1. The Spanish word ''alférez'' and the Portuguese word ''alferes'' were both derived from the Arabic (''al-fāris''), meaning "the knight", "the horseman" or "the cavalryman". The rank of ''alférez'' / ''alferes'' was first used by Iberian armies during the ''reconquista'' in the middle ages, being associated to the officer responsible for the carrying of a unit flag. During that time ''alférez'' was the leader o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. Alfonso XIII's upbringing and public image were closely linked to the military estate, often presenting himself as a soldier-king. His effective reign started four years after the so-called 1898 Disaster, with various social factions projecting their expectations of national regeneration upon him. Similarly to other European monarchs of his time, he played an important political role, entailing a highly controversial use of his constitutional executive powers. His wedding with Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg in 1906 was marked by a regicide attempt, from which he escaped unhar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toledo, Spain
Toledo ( , ) is a city and municipality of Spain, capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive monumental and cultural heritage. Located on the banks of the Tagus in central Iberian Peninsula, Iberia, Toledo is known as the "City of the Three Cultures" for the cultural influences of Christians, Muslims, and Jews throughout its history. It was the capital, from 542 to 725 CE, of the Visigothic kingdom, which followed the fall of the Roman Empire. Toledo was also the location of historic events such as the Councils of Toledo and was labelled the "Imperial City" due to the fact that it was the main venue of the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Spain. The city, seat of a powerful archdiocese for much of its history, has a Gothic Cathedral, the ''Cathedral of Toledo, Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Mundo (Spain)
''El Mundo'' (; ), before ''El Mundo del Siglo Veintiuno'', is the second largest printed daily newspaper in Spain. The paper is considered one of the country's newspapers of record along with '' El País and ABC.'' History and profile ''El Mundo'' was first published on 23 October 1989. Perhaps the best known of its founders was Pedro J. Ramírez, who served as editor until 2014. Ramirez had risen to prominence as a journalist during the Spanish transition to democracy. The other founders, Alfonso de Salas, Balbino Fraga and Juan González, shared with Ramírez a background in Grupo 16, the publishers of the newspaper ''Diario 16''. Alfonso de Salas, Juan Gonzales and Gregorio Pena also launched '' El Economista'' in 2006. ''El Mundo'', along with '' Marca'' and '' Expansión'', is controlled by the Italian publishing company RCS MediaGroup through its Spanish subsidiary company Unidad Editorial S.L. Its former owner was Unedisa which merged with Grupo Recoletos in 2007 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'lamat Al-Maghrib
''Maʿlamāt al-Maghrib'' () is an encyclopedia of Morocco produced by the Moroccan Association for Composition, Translation, and Publication () and published in 1989 by Salé Press. Its completion was overseen by the historian Muhammad Hajji. It was edited by Mohamed Hajji and Ahmed Toufiq. Contributors in the human sciences included , Mohammed Zniber Dr. Mohammed Zniber (1923–1993) was a Moroccan writer and historian. He also played an important role in the period of struggle for Morocco's struggle for independence from the French. He was a son of Moufti Boubker Zniber, the initiator of the ..., {{Ill, Sālim Yafūt, ar, سالم يفوت, and Mustafa Na'mi. References Encyclopedias 1989 books History books about Morocco Arabic literature Arabic-language encyclopedias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caïd
Qaid ( ar , قائد ', "commander"; pl. '), also spelled kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the ''curia'', usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as lat, gaitus or lat, gaytus. Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" (Spanish) "alcaide" (Portuguese). It is also used as a male Arabic given name. Notable qaids * Al Qaid Johar (active 950–992), A Slavic general who conquered Maghreb for the Fatimid Imam-Caliph, Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah; and later served as the Viceroy of the Fatimid State. *Thomas Brun (active 1137–1154), Englishman who served Roger II of Sicily *Ahmed es-Sikeli, known as Caid Peter (active 1160s), eunuch in the court of Sicily, confidant of Margaret of Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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