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Mockito
Mockito is an open source testing framework for Java released under the MIT License. The framework allows the creation of test double objects (mock objects) in automated unit tests for the purpose of test-driven development (TDD) or behavior-driven development (BDD). The framework's name and logo are a play on mojitos, a type of drink. Features Mockito allows developers to verify the behavior of the system under test (SUT) without establishing expectations beforehand. One of the criticisms of mock objects is that there is a tight coupling of the test code to the system under test. Mockito attempts to eliminate the expect-run-verify pattern by removing the specification of expectations. Mockito also provides some annotations for reducing boilerplate code. Origins Mockito began by expanding on the syntax and functionality of EasyMock. Example Consider this decoupled Hello world program; we may unit test some of its parts, using mock objects for other parts. package or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Unit Testing Frameworks
This is a list of notable test automation frameworks commonly used for unit testing. Such frameworks are not limited to unit-level testing; can be used for integration and system level testing. Frameworks are grouped below. For unit testing, a framework must be the same language as the source code under test, and therefore, grouping frameworks by language is valuable. But some groupings transcend language. For example, .NET groups frameworks that work for any language supported for .NET, and HTTP groups frameworks that test an HTTP server regardless of the implementation language on the server. Columns The columns in the tables below are described here. * Name: Name of the framework * xUnit: Whether classified as xUnit * TAP: Whether can emit Test Anything Protocol (TAP) output * Generators: Whether supports data generators generating test input data and running a test with the generated data * Fixtures: Whether supports test local fixtures associating a test environment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JUnit
JUnit is a test automation framework for the Java programming language. JUnit is often used for unit testing, and is one of the xUnit frameworks. JUnit is linked as a JAR at compile-time. The latest version of the framework, JUnit 5, resides under package . Previous versions JUnit 4 and JUnit 3 were under packages and , respectively. A research survey performed in 2013 across 10,000 Java projects hosted on GitHub found that JUnit (in a tie with slf4j-api) was the most commonly included external library. Each library was used by 30.7% of projects. JUnit Lifecycle Every JUnit test class usually has several test cases. These test cases are subject to the test life cycle. The full JUnit Lifecycle has three major phases: # Setup phase - This phase is where the test infrastructure is prepared. Two levels of setup are available. The first type of setup is class-level setup in which a computationally expensive object, such as a database connection, is created and reused, with mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test Double
A test double is software used in software test automation that satisfies a dependency so that the test need not depend on production code. A test double provides functionality via an interface that the software under test cannot distinguish from production code. A programmer generally uses a test double to isolate the behavior of the consuming code from the rest of the codebase. A test double is usually a simplified version of the production code and may include capabilities specific to testing. Test doubles are used to build test harnesses. Uses A test double may be used to simplify tests, increase speed of execution or allow for deterministic results of an action. For example, a program that uses a database server is relatively slow and consumes significant system resources, which impedes testing productivity. A test might require data from the database that under normal system activity is regularly changing, so provides non-deterministic outputs for any given query. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mock Object
In computer science, a mock object is an object that imitates a production object in limited ways. A programmer might use a mock object as a test double for software testing. A mock object can also be used in generic programming. Analogy A mock object can be useful to the software tester like a car designer uses a crash test dummy to simulate a human in a vehicle impact. Motivation In a unit test, mock objects can simulate the behavior of complex, real objects and are therefore useful when a real object is impractical or impossible to incorporate into a unit test. If an object has any of the following characteristics, it may be useful to use a mock object in its place: * it supplies non-deterministic results (e.g. the current time or the current temperature) * it has states that are difficult to create or reproduce (e.g. a network error) * it is slow (e.g. a complete database, which would have to be prepared before the test) * it does not yet exist or may change behavior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavior Driven Development
Behavior-driven development (BDD) involves naming software tests using domain language to describe the behavior of the code. BDD involves use of a domain-specific language (DSL) using natural-language constructs (e.g., English-like sentences) that can express the behavior and the expected outcomes. Proponents claim it encourages collaboration among developers, quality assurance experts, and customer representatives in a software project. It encourages teams to use conversation and concrete examples to formalize a shared understanding of how the application should behave. BDD is considered an effective practice especially when the ''problem space'' is complex. BDD is considered a refinement of test-driven development (TDD). BDD combines the techniques of TDD with ideas from domain-driven design and object-oriented analysis and design to provide software development and management teams with shared tools and a shared process to collaborate on software development. At a high lev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classpath (Java)
Classpath is a parameter in the Java Virtual Machine or the Java compiler that specifies the location of user-defined classes and packages. The parameter may be set either on the command-line, or through an environment variable. Overview and architecture Similar to the classic dynamic loading behavior, when executing Java programs, the Java Virtual Machine finds and loads classes lazily (it loads the bytecode of a class only when the class is first used). The classpath tells Java where to look in the filesystem for files defining these classes. The virtual machine searches for and loads classes in this order: # bootstrap classes: the classes that are fundamental to the Java Platform (comprising the public classes of the Java Class Library, and the private classes that are necessary for this library to be functional). # extension classes: packages that are in the ''extension'' directory of the Java Runtime Environment or JDK, jre/lib/ext/ # user-defined packages and lib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Use Case
In both software and systems engineering, a use case is a structured description of a system’s behavior as it responds to requests from external actors, aiming to achieve a specific goal. It is used to define and validate functional requirements A use case is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role (known in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an ''actor'') and a system to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human or another external system. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. The detailed requirements may then be captured in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) or as contractual statements. Differences between Systems and Software Engineering Use Cases In software engineering, the use case defines potential scenarios of the software in response to an external request (such as user input). In systems engineering, a use c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unit Testing
Unit testing, component or module testing, is a form of software testing by which isolated source code is tested to validate expected behavior. Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at the Integration testing, integration or System testing, system level. History Unit testing, as a principle for testing separately smaller parts of large software systems, dates back to the early days of software engineering. In June 1956 at US Navy's Symposium on Advanced Programming Methods for Digital Computers, H.D. Benington presented the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment, SAGE project. It featured a specification-based approach where the coding phase was followed by "parameter testing" to validate component subprograms against their specification, followed then by an "assembly testing" for parts put together. In 1964, a similar approach is described for the software of the Project Mercury, Mercury project, where individual units developed by dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hello World Program
Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826. Early uses ''Hello'', with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the '' Norwich Courier'' of Norwich, Connecticut. Another early use was an 1833 American book called ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee'', which was reprinted that same year in '' The London Literary Gazette''. The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s. Etymology According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ''hello'' is an alteration of ''hallo'', ''hollo'', which came from Old High German "''halâ'', ''holâ'', emphatic imperative of ''halôn'', ''holôn'' to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman". It also connects the development of ''hello'' to the influence of an earlier form, ''holla'', whose origin is in the French ''holà'' (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French ''là'' 'there'). As in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coupling (computer Programming)
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. In a more general context, a coupling can also be a mechanical device that serves to connect the ends of adjacent parts or objects. Couplings do not normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation, however there are torque-limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded. Selection, installation and maintenance of couplings can lead to reduced maintenance time and maintenance cost. Uses Shaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes. A primary function is to transfer power from one end to another end (ex: motor transfer power to pump through coupling). Other common uses: * To alter the vibration characteristics of rotating units * To connect the driving and the driven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boilerplate Code
In computer programming, boilerplate code, or simply boilerplate, are sections of code that are repeated in multiple places with little to no variation. When using languages that are considered ''verbose'', the programmer must write a lot of boilerplate code to accomplish only minor functionality. The need for boilerplate can be reduced through high-level mechanisms such as metaprogramming (which has the computer automatically write the needed boilerplate code or insert it at compile time), convention over configuration (which provides good default values, reducing the need to specify program details in every project) and model-driven engineering (which uses models and model-to-code generators, eliminating the need for manual boilerplate code). It is also possible to move boilerplate code to an '' abstract class'' so that it can be inherited by any number of '' concrete classes''. Another option would be to move it into a subroutine so that it can be called instead of being du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
