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Mitrofanoff
The Mitrofanoff procedure, also known as the Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy, is a surgical procedure in which the appendix is used to create a conduit, or channel, between the skin surface and the urinary bladder. The small opening on the skin surface, or the stoma, is typically located either in the navel or nearby the navel on the right lower side of the abdomen. Originally developed by Professor Paul Mitrofanoff in 1980, the procedure represents an alternative to urethral catheterization and is sometimes used by people with urethral damage or by those with severe autonomic dysreflexia. An intermittent catheter, or a catheter that is inserted and then removed after use, is typically passed through the channel every 3–4 hours and the urine is drained into a toilet or a bottle. As the bladder fills, rising pressure compresses the channel against the bladder wall, creating a one-way valve that prevents leakage of urine between catheterizations. Description of procedure A surgeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitrofanoff Principle
In urology, the Mitrofanoff principle is the creation of a passageway for urine or enema fluid that, by its (surgical) construction, has a valve mechanism to allow continence. Procedures which make use of the Mitrofanoff principle: *Mitrofanoff procedure *Malone antegrade continence enema * Monti procedure Eponym It is named after the French urologist Urology (from Greek οὖρον ''ouron'' "urine" and ''-logia'' "study of"), also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary-tract system and the reproductive organ ... (Mitrofanoff) who popularized it. References External linksMitrofanoff principle- biology-online.com.Mitrofanoff principle- cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk. Urology {{treatment-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malone Antegrade Continence Enema
A Malone antegrade continence enema is a surgical procedure used to create a continent pathway proximal to the anus that facilitates fecal evacuation using enemas. Description The operation involves connecting the appendix to the abdominal wall and fashioning a valve mechanism that allows catheterization of the appendix, but avoids leakage of stool through it. If the appendix was previously removed or is unusable, a neoappendix can be created with a cecal flap. Indications It is done to treat fecal incontinence unresponsive to treatment with medications. It is frequently done with a procedure (Mitrofanoff procedure) to treat urinary incontinence as the two often co-exist, such as in spina bifida. Cecostomy tube alternative A percutaneous cecostomy tube (C-tube)What is a Cecostomy Catheter? cecostomy.com. URLhttp://www.cecostomy.com/Introduction/cecostomy.htm. Accessed on: August 9, 2008. is an alternative to a MACE. It involves the surgical insertion of a catheter into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monti Procedure
The Monti procedure is a surgical procedure in which a part of the gastrointestinal tract is used to create a continent conduit between the skin surface and the urinary bladder or a neobladder. Eponym The procedure is named after its creator, a Brazilian urologist, Paulo Ricardo Monti. See also * Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy * Mitrofanoff principle * Malone antegrade continence enema A Malone antegrade continence enema is a surgical procedure used to create a continent pathway proximal to the anus that facilitates fecal evacuation using enemas. Description The operation involves connecting the appendix to the abdominal wall ... References {{reflist Urologic surgery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction, or neurogenic bladder, refers to urinary bladder problems due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of urination. There are multiple types of neurogenic bladder depending on the underlying cause and the symptoms. Symptoms include overactive bladder, urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence or difficulty passing urine. A range of diseases or conditions can cause neurogenic bladder including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, brain injury, spina bifida, peripheral nerve damage, Parkinson's disease, or other neurodegenerative diseases. Neurogenic bladder can be diagnosed through a history and physical as well as imaging and more specialized testing. Treatment depends on underlying disease as well as symptoms and can be managed with behavioral changes, medications, surgeries, or other procedures. The symptoms of neurogenic bladder, especially incontinence, can have a significant impact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal r caecalappendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo. The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and the large intestines. The term "vermiform" comes from Latin and means "worm-shaped". The appendix was once considered a vestigial organ, but this view has changed since the early 2000s. Research suggests that the appendix may serve an important purpose. In particular, it may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria. Structure The human appendix averages in length but can range from . The diameter of the appendix is , and more than is considered a thickened or inflamed appendix. The longest appendix ever removed was long. The appendix is usually located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, near the right hip bone. The base of the appendix is located beneath the ileoce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neobladder
Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureters, urinary bladder, bladder or urethra, either temporarily or permanently. Some diversions result in a Stoma (medicine), stoma. Types * Nephrostomy from the renal pelvis * Urostomy from more distal origins along the urinary tract, with subtypes including: ** Ileal conduit urinary diversion (Bricker conduit) ** Indiana pouch * Neobladder to urethra diversion Ureteroenteric anastomosis A common feature of the three first, and most common, types of urinary diversion is the ureteroenteric anastomosis. This is the joining site of the ureters and the section of intestine used for the diversion. The ureteroenteric anastomosis can be created in a number of different ways. There is the option of a refluxing or a non-refluxing type, and the two ureters can be joined into the intestinal segment either together or separately. The non-r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bladder Stone
A bladder stone is a stone found in the urinary bladder. Signs and symptoms Bladder stones are small mineral deposits that can form in the bladder. In most cases bladder stones develop when the urine becomes very concentrated or when one is dehydrated. This allows for minerals, such as calcium or magnesium salts, to crystallize and form stones. Bladder stones vary in number, size and consistency. In some cases bladder stones do not cause any symptoms and are discovered as an incidental finding on a plain radiograph. However, when symptoms do occur, these may include severe lower abdominal and back pain, difficult urination, frequent urination at night, fever, painful urination and blood in the urine. The majority of individuals who are symptomatic will complain of pain which comes in waves. The pain may also be associated with nausea, vomiting and chills. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urinary Tract Infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. Symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. Rarely the urine may appear bloody. In the very old and the very young, symptoms may be vague or non-specific. The most common cause of infection is ''Escherichia coli'', though other bacteria or fungi may sometimes be the cause. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual intercourse, diabetes, obesity, and family history. Although sexual intercourse is a risk factor, UTIs are not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Kidney ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suprapubic
The hypogastrium (also called the hypogastric region or suprapubic region) is a region of the abdomen located below the umbilical region. Etymology The roots of the word ''hypogastrium'' mean "below the stomach"; the roots of ''suprapubic'' mean "above the pubic bone". Boundaries The upper limit is the umbilicus while the pubis bone constitutes its lower limit. The lateral boundaries are formed are drawing straight lines through the midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and symphisis pubis The pubic symphysis is a secondary cartilaginous joint between the left and right superior rami of the pubis of the hip bones. It is in front of and below the urinary bladder. In males, the suspensory ligament of the penis attaches to the pubic .... References External links * Abdomen {{Anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bowel Preparation
Bowel cleansing or bowel preparation is a medical technique to cleanse bowel to prepare colonoscopy or colorectal surgery. Cleansing can be performed either by the oral ingestion of medication or by enema. Polyethylene glycol and citrates are used for bowel cleansing. See also * Enema * Vaginoplasty References Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism Large intestine {{Med-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urodynamic Testing
Urodynamic testing or urodynamics is a study that assesses how the bladder and urethra are performing their job of storing and releasing urine. Urodynamic tests can help explain symptoms such as: * incontinence * frequent urination * sudden, strong urges to urinate but nothing comes out * problems starting a urine stream * painful urination * problems emptying the bladder completely ( Vesical tenesmus, detrusor failure) * recurrent urinary tract infections Urodynamic tests are usually performed in Urology, Gynecology, OB/GYN, Internal medicine, and Primary care offices. Urodynamics will provide the physician with the information necessary to diagnose the cause and nature of a patient's incontinence, thus giving the best treatment options available. Urodynamics is typically conducted by urologists or urogynecologists. Purpose of testing The tests are most often arranged for men with enlarged prostate glands, and for women with incontinence that has either failed conservative tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystatin C
Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. Recently, it has been studied for its role in predicting new-onset or deteriorating cardiovascular disease. It also seems to play a role in brain disorders involving amyloid (a specific type of protein deposition), such as Alzheimer's disease. In humans, all Cell (biology), cells with a Cell nucleus, nucleus (cell core containing the DNA) produce cystatin C as a polypeptide, chain of 120 amino acids. It is found in virtually all tissues and body fluids. It is a potent enzyme inhibitor, inhibitor of lysosome, lysosomal proteinases (enzymes from a special organelle, subunit of the cell that break down proteins) and probably one of the most important extracellular inhibitors of cysteine proteases (it prevents the breakdown of proteins outside the cell by a specific type of protein degrading enzyme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
