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Misznay–Schardin Effect
The Misznay–Schardin effect, or platter effect, is a characteristic of the detonation of a broad sheet of explosive. Description Explosive blasts expand directly away from, and perpendicular to, the surface of an explosive. Unlike the blast from a rounded explosive charge, which expands in all directions, the blast produced by an explosive sheet expands primarily perpendicular to its plane, in both directions. However, if one side is backed by a heavy or fixed mass, most of the blast (i.e. most of the rapidly expanding gas and its kinetic energy) will be reflected in the direction away from the mass. Uses The Misznay–Schardin effect was studied and experimented with by explosive experts József Misznay, a Hungarian, and Hubert Schardin, a German, who initially sought to develop a more effective antitank mine for Nazi Germany. Some sources claim that World War II ended before their design became usable, but they and others continued their work. Misnay designed two weapon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-680-8282A-12A, Budapest, SS-Männer Auf Der Burg
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (german: Bundesarchiv) are the National Archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest documents i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Explosively Formed Penetrator
An explosively formed penetrator (EFP), also known as an explosively formed projectile (EFP), a self-forging warhead, or a self-forging fragment, is the product of a shaped charge designed to penetrate armor effectively. As the name suggests, the effect of the explosive charge is to deform a metal plate into a jet, slug or rod shape and accelerate it toward a target. They were first developed as oil well perforators by American oil companies in the 1930s, and were deployed as weapons in World War II. Difference from conventional shaped charges A shaped charge generally has a metal liner that is forced by an explosive blast into a metal jet or slug able to penetrate thick steel armor and knock out vehicles. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that the jet of metal loses effectiveness the further it travels, as it breaks up into disconnected particles that drift out of alignment. An EFP operates on the principle designed to form a distinct projectile (slug or jet), permitting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-explosive Squash Head
High explosive squash head (HESH) in British terminology, or high explosive plastic/plasticized (HEP) in American terminology, is a type of explosive projectile which uses a plastic explosive that conforms to the surface of a target before detonating, to improve the transfer of explosive energy to the target. Squash head projectiles are similar to high explosive projectiles and are well suited to many of the same targets. However, while HESH projectiles are not armour-piercing, they can defeat armored targets by causing spall which can injure or kill a vehicle's occupants, and detonate some types of ammunition. Design Function HESH rounds are thin metal shells filled with inert material (like coal-tar pitch), plastic explosive and a delayed-action base fuze. On impact, the inert material, followed by plastic explosive, is "squashed" against the surface of the target and spreads out to form a disc or "pat" of explosive. The inert material helps prevent premature detonation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M18 Claymore Mine
M18 or M-18 may refer to: Aircraft * Messerschmitt M 18, an early German airliner * Miles M.18, a Miles aircraft * Mooney M-18 Mite, a low-wing monoplane * PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader, an agricultural and aerial-firefighting aircraft Firearms and military equipment * M18 Claymore mine, an American anti-personnel landmine * M18 Hellcat, an American tank destroyer used in World War II * M18 smoke grenade, a colored smoke grenade * M18 recoilless rifle, a late-World War II recoilless rifle * SIG Sauer M18 pistol, a compact, carry sized SIG Sauer P320 used by the United States armed forces Roads and highways *M18 motorway (Great Britain) *M18 motorway (Ireland) *M-18 (Michigan highway) * M18 (East London), a Metropolitan Route in East London, South Africa * M18 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa * M18 (Johannesburg), a Metropolitan Route in Johannesburg, South Africa * M18 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa * M18 (Port Elizabeth), a Metr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AT2 Mine
The AT2 mine is a scatterable anti-tank mine developed by Dynamit Nobel. It can be scattered from artillery rockets or from mine laying systems, and is in service with the British, German and Norwegian armed forces. AT2 mines were donated to Ukraine by Germany. Description The mine is cylindrical with a hemispherical top and flat bottom. A thin aerial-like wire extends from the top of the mine, and is the S3 "scratch wire" contact fuze. Five or more metal legs (depending on the exact model) around the base of mine fold out to stand the mine upright. Additionally the mine is fitted with a small plastic parachute when it is deployed from rockets to reduce the impact when the mine lands. The mine is triggered when the scratch wire fuze drags along the bottom of a vehicle or when it is crushed by pressure. Additionally the mine has a magnetic-influence fuze. The mine uses a Misznay-Schardin effect warhead to penetrate the belly of armour vehicles; the projectile formed is optimized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M93 Hornet Mine
The M93 Hornet mine is an American anti-tank mine, it is a wide-area mine, capable of attacking targets up to 100 meters away from its position. Development A development contract was awarded to Honeywell Defense Systems and Textron Inc. in August 1987. In April 1990, Textron was given the contract to complete development of the system. Description The M93 uses both seismic and acoustic sensors to track and identify potential targets near the mine. Once the mine detects a suitable target in range, the mine turns to face the target and elevates the submunition launcher to the correct angle. The submunition is then fired in the direction of the target using a gas generator. An infra-red sensor on the submunition scans the ground as it travels, searching for the target. When the target is detected the submunition triggers a Misznay Schardin effect warhead that projects a 450 gram tantalum slug, along with a number of smaller fragments downwards towards the target in a top att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ragnar Benson
Ragnar Benson is the pen name of a prolific survivalist author who specializes in preparedness topics, particularly survival retreats, hunting, trapping, austere medicine, false identification, explosives, firearms, and improvised weapons. Writing career Many of his 46 books were published by Loompanics Unlimited (which went out of business in 2004) and by Paladin Press (which also went out of business in 2018). Both Benson and Paladin Press are controversial, because actually formulating or constructing many of the explosives and weapons that he describes would be illegal in most jurisdictions. Some of his books have been banned ("challenged") from importation into Canada, by the Customs Canada censors at the Connaught Building. In the aftermath of the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, Timothy McVeigh was found to have been in possession of Benson's ''Homemade C-4: A Recipe For Survival'' and ''Ragnar's Big Book of Homemade Weapons: Building and Keeping Your Arsenal Secure''.Ken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, the head of gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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