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Minneapolis Keystones
The Minneapolis Keystones was a small club of black baseball players formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, running from approximately 1908 to 1911. While the Negro National League was not formed until 1920, the Keystones did have many top notch players, and at least one of them, Hurley McNair would go on to play with the Kansas City Monarchs and several other teams. Many of the top players of the day who were too old by the time the league was formed, and include William Binga, George Hopkins, Bobby Marshall, and Archie Pate. Many researchers do not consider the Keystones a "formal" Negro league team. However, like other barnstorming teams of the time, they had considerable impact on the desegregation Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact o ... of baseball. Today, the Keyst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called " runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). The principal objective of the batting team is to have a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minneapolis
Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origins in timber and as the flour milling capital of the world. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Prior to European settlement, the site of Minneapolis was inhabited by Dakota people. The settlement was founded along Saint Anthony Falls on a section of land north of Fort Snelling; its growth is attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. , the city has an estimated 425,336 inhabitants. It is the most populous city in the state and the 46th-most-populous city in the United States. Minneapolis, Saint Paul and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities. Minneapolis has one of the most extensive public par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negro National League (1920–1931)
The first Negro National League (NNL) was one of the several Negro leagues that were established during the period in the United States when organized baseball was segregated. The league was formed in 1920 with former player Rube Foster as its president. League history Founding Led by Rube Foster, owner and manager of the Chicago American Giants, the NNL was established on February 13, 1920, by a coalition of team owners at a meeting in a Kansas City YMCA. The new league was the first African-American baseball circuit to achieve stability and last more than one season. At first the league operated mainly in midwestern cities, ranging from Kansas City in the west to Pittsburgh in the east; in 1924 it expanded into the south, adding franchises in Birmingham, Alabama, and Memphis, Tennessee. Competition The two most important east coast clubs, the Hilldale Club of Darby, Pennsylvania, and the Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, were affiliated with the NNL as associate club ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurley McNair
Hurley Allen McNair (October 28, 1888 - December 2, 1948) was a baseball player in the Negro leagues and the pre-Negro leagues. At the age of 21, he was pitching for the Minneapolis Keystones. He left the Keystones halfway through the 1911 season and went to play for the Chicago Giants. He played outfield and pitcher and played from 1911–1937, mostly playing for teams in Chicago and Kansas City, Missouri. After his playing career ended, he also umpired in the Negro American League, including one game of the 1942 Colored World Series. McNair died in Kansas City, Missouri on December 2, 1948, at the age of 60. He is buried at the Highland Cemetery in Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City (abbreviated KC or KCMO) is the largest city in Missouri by population and area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 508,090 in 2020, making it the 36th most-populous city in the United States. It is the central .... References External links anBaseball-Reference Black ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. J. L. Wilkinson was the first Caucasian owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any major league team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro League World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record. The team produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. It was disbanded in 1965. Negro National League The Monarchs were formed in 1920, primarily from two sources. Owner J. L. Wilkinson drew players fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Binga
William H. Binga (February 26, 1869 – October 14, 1950) was an American third baseman, catcher and manager in the pre- Negro league baseball era. Born in Michigan, Binga played most of his career in Chicago, Illinois, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Currently, it appears Binga started his baseball career at the age of 26, playing three games as a catcher for a team in Adrian, Michigan. He quickly moved on to the Page Fence Giants, which eventually brought him to Chicago when the team moved to Chicago and became the Chicago Columbia Giants in 1899. In Chicago, he played for several seasons for the Columbia Giants, Chicago Union Giants, and the Leland Giants. He would move with many fellow players to Minnesota in 1908. Binga left the Colored Gophers based in Minneapolis in August 1911, the newspaper citing a "disastrous season" due to "bad management" and said the players of the team were "much dissatisfied." During his career, he played with Sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Hopkins (baseball Player)
George Hopkins (born 1858) was an American baseball pitcher and second baseman in the pre-Negro leagues. He played many seasons for the Chicago Unions, and for Iowa's Algona Brownies and Minnesota's Minneapolis Keystones. Hopkins played with many popular players of the day, including Dangerfield Talbert, Henry W. Moore, Chappie Johnson, Albert Toney, and Harry Hyde Harry Hyde (January 17, 1925 – May 13, 1996) was a leading crew chief in NASCAR stock car racing in the 1960s through the 1980s, winning 56 races and 88 pole positions. He was the 1970 championship crew chief for Bobby Isaac. He inspired t .... References External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Hopkins, George Chicago Unions players Leland Giants players Algona Brownies players Minneapolis Keystones players Page Fence Giants players 1858 births Year of death missing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bobby Marshall
Robert Wells Marshall (March 12, 1880 – August 27, 1958) was an American sportsman. He was best known for playing football; however, Marshall also competed in baseball,"Keystones Trimmed Oelwein Saturday" ''Oelwein Daily Register'', Oelwein, IA, Page 4, Column 3 , , and wrestling. When Marshall played baseball for [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archie Pate
Archie Pate (July 15, 1886 - April 16, 1936) was an American baseball outfielder and pitcher in the Negro leagues. In 1909, at the age of 22, he was pitching for the St. Paul Colored Gophers. He was playing with many notable players, including Dick Wallace, Chappie Johnson, Will McMurray, William Binga, and Bobby Marshall. He would move across town in 1910 to play two seasons for the Minneapolis Keystones where he would also play with future Kansas City Monarchs pitcher Hurley McNair. He moved on to play in Chicago for the Leland Giants and Chicago Giants. Pate died in Chicago, Illinois at the age of 49, and is buried at Restvale Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois Alsip is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 19,063 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. Alsip was settled in the 1830s by German and Dutch farmers. The village is named after Frank Al ... References External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Pate, Archie Leland G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negro League
The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relatively successful leagues beginning in 1920 that are sometimes termed "Negro Major Leagues". In the late 19th century, the baseball color line developed in professional baseball, excluding African Americans from league play. In 1885, the Cuban Giants formed the first black professional baseball team. The first league, the National Colored Base Ball League, was organized strictly as a minor league but failed in 1887 after only two weeks owing to low attendance. After several decades of mostly independent play by a variety of teams, in 1920 the first Negro National League was formed and ultimately seven major leagues existed at various times over the next thirty years. After integration, the quality of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barnstorm (sports)
In athletics terminology, barnstorming refers to sports teams or individual athletes that travel to various locations, usually small towns, to stage exhibition matches. Barnstorming teams differ from traveling teams in that they operate outside the framework of an established athletic league, while traveling teams are designated by a league, formally or informally, to be a designated visiting team. Barnstorming allowed athletes to compete in two sports; for example, Goose Reece Tatum played basketball for the Harlem Globetrotters and baseball for a Negro leagues barnstorming team. Some barnstorming teams lack home arenas, while others go on "barnstorming tours" in the off-season. History Teams in baseball's Negro leagues often barnstormed before, during, and after their league's regular season. Hall of Fame baseball pitcher Satchel Paige barnstorm toured with Dempsey Hovland's Caribbean Kings. Hovland founded (and owned) several barnstorming teams, including the Texas Cowgir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desegregation
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the United States Supreme Court's decision in ''Brown v. Board of Education'', particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military (''see Military history of African Americans''). Racial integration of society was a closely related goal. US military Early history Starting with King Philip's War in the 17th century, Black and White Americans served together in an integrated environment in the Thirteen Colonies. They continued to fight alongside each other in every American war until the war of 1812. Black people would not fight i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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