Milltown Biomass-to-Energy Power Station
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Milltown Biomass-to-Energy Power Station
The Milltown Biomass-to-Energy Power Station was proposed as a 28 MWe biomass-to-electrical energy power station to be built near Milltown, Indiana in Crawford County, IN, Crawford County. The project was proposed in December 2008 by Liberty Green Renewables (LGR), based in Georgetown, Floyd County, Indiana, Georgetown, Indiana. After significant opposition to its proposal by local community organizations, in 2011, LGR requested permanent revocation of two air permits and one acid rain permit it had been issued by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. According to LGR representative, J.P. Rexroad, author of the request letter, dated September 26, 2011, "All of the sources permitted under the above-listed permits were never constructed or operated, and there are no longer any plans to do so. The plant was originally to use woody biomass material from a number of local forest products and industrial sources, including residues from logging, land clearing activities, pal ...
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Milltown, Indiana
Milltown is a town in Blue River Township, Harrison County, Indiana, Blue River and Spencer Township, Harrison County, Indiana, Spencer townships in Harrison County, Indiana, Harrison County and Whiskey Run Township, Crawford County, Indiana, Whiskey Run Township in Crawford County, Indiana, Crawford County, Indiana. The population was 818 at the time of the 2010 census. History Milltown was laid out in 1839. The community was named from the presence of a mill. Geography Milltown is located at (38.342453, -86.273591). According to the 2010 census, Milltown has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 818 people, 340 households, and 221 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 396 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White (U.S. Census), White, 0.1% Native American (U.S. Census), Native American, 0.4% Asian (U.S. Census), Asian, and 1.8% from two or more race ...
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Biomass
Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably, while others consider biofuel to be a ''liquid'' or ''gaseous'' fuel used for transportation, as defined by government authorities in the US and EU. The European Union's Joint Research Centre defines solid biofuel as raw or processed organic matter of biological origin used for energy, such as firewood, wood chips, and wood pellets. In 2019, biomass was used to produce 57 EJ (exajoules) of energy, compared to 190 EJ from crude oil, 168 EJ from coal, 144 EJ from natural gas, 30 EJ from nuclear, 15 EJ from hydro and 13 EJ from wind, solar and geothermal combined. Approximately 86% of modern bioenergy is used for heating applications, with 9% used for transport and 5% for electricity. Most of the global b ...
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Blue River (Indiana)
The Blue River is a , two-forked stream that runs through Harrison, Crawford and Washington counties in Indiana. The headwaters of the North Fork arise near Salem in Washington County and flow south, and the headwaters of the South Fork arise near New Liberty and flow southwest. The two small forks converge in Fredericksburg. From the confluence, the river flows south until it joins Ohio River in the Harrison-Crawford State Forest, just upstream from Leavenworth. The Blue River is widely hailed for its scenic beauty and is one of the premier destinations in Southern Indiana for canoeing and kayaking. Receiving a sizeable amount of water from subterranean sources, the Blue River was named for the blueish cast of its clear waters which remain clear, except in times after heavy rain. The area surrounding the main course of the river is relatively undeveloped and heavily wooded. Many large hills, limestone bluffs, and caves can be seen from the river. The river is divided i ...
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Crawford County, IN
Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 10,526. The county seat is English. Geography According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of , of which (or 99.00%) is land and (or 1.00%) is water. Much like the rest of Southern Indiana Crawford County is made up of many wooded hills. Cities and towns * Alton * English * Leavenworth * Marengo * Milltown Unincorporated areas * Beechwood * Carefree * Curby * Eckerty * Fredonia * Grantsburg * Mifflin * Riceville * Riddle * Sulphur * Taswell * West Fork * Wickliffe Townships * Boone * Jennings * Johnson * Liberty * Ohio * Patoka * Sterling * Union * Whiskey Run Major highways * Interstate 64 * Indiana State Road 37 * Indiana State Road 62 * Indiana State Road 64 * Indiana State Road 66 * Indiana State Road 145 * Indiana State Road 164 * Indiana State Road 237 Adjacent counties * Orange County (north) * Washington Cou ...
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Georgetown, Floyd County, Indiana
Georgetown is a town in Floyd County, Indiana, United States. The population was 3,805 at the 2020 census. History Georgetown was platted in 1833 by George W. Waltz (1767-1850), and named for him. The Georgetown post office was established in 1837. The Georgetown Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. The Yenowine-Nichols-Collins House was listed in 1975 and delisted in 2008. Geography Georgetown is located at (38.300068, -85.970704). According to the 2010 census, Georgetown has a total area of , of which (or 99.03%) is land and (or 0.97%) is water. Demographics 2020 census 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 2,876 people, 1,088 households, and 814 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,166 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.1% from two or ...
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Wood Preservation
Wood easily degrades without sufficient preservation. Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as "timber treatment", "lumber treatment" or "pressure treatment") that can extend the life of wood, timber, and their associated products, including engineered wood. These generally increase the durability and resistance from being destroyed by insects or fungi. History As proposed by Richardson, treatment of wood has been practiced for almost as long as the use of wood itself. There are records of wood preservation reaching back to ancient Greece during Alexander the Great's rule, where bridge wood was soaked in olive oil. The Romans protected their ship hulls by brushing the wood with tar. During the Industrial Revolution, wood preservation became a cornerstone of the wood processing industry. Inventors and scientists such as Bethell, Boucherie, Burnett and Kyan made historic developments in wo ...
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Energy Crop
Energy crops are low-cost and low-maintenance crops grown solely for energy production by combustion (not for food). The crops are processed into solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, such as pellets, bioethanol or biogas. The fuels are burned to generate electrical power or heat. The plants are generally categorized as woody or herbaceous. Woody plants include willow and poplar, herbaceous plants include '' Miscanthus x giganteus'' and ''Pennisetum purpureum'' (both known as elephant grass). Herbaceous crops, while physically smaller than trees, store roughly twice the amount of CO2 (in the form of carbon) below ground compared to woody crops. Through biotechnological procedures such as genetic modification, plants can be manipulated to create higher yields. Relatively high yields can also be realized with existing cultivars. However, some additional advantages such as reduced associated costs (i.e. costs during the manufacturing process) and less water use can only be accompli ...
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Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earlier ...
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Biofuel Power Stations In The United States
Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil. According to the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), biofuels are mostly used for transportation, but can also be used for heating and electricity. Biofuel can be produced from plants or from agricultural, domestic or industrial biowaste. The greenhouse gas mitigation potential of biofuel varies considerably, from emission levels comparable to fossil fuels in some scenarios to negative emissions in others. See the biomass article for more on this particular subject. The two most common types of biofuel are bioethanol and biodiesel. The U.S. is the largest producer of bioethanol, while the EU is the largest producer of biodiesel. The energy content in the global production of bioethanol and biodiesel is 2.2 and 1.8 EJ per year, respectively. * Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentat ...
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