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Militia Medal
The Militia Medal (german: Milizmedaille) is a military medal of Austria awarded to members of the militia in recognition of services rendered in militia activities. It can only be awarded once. Criteria The Militia Medal is awarded to members of the militia who have completed 30 days of voluntary militia service. It may also be awarded to those members of the militia at the termination of their militia commitment. The Militia Medal is worn after the Bronze Military Service Medal, but before the awards of the States of Austria Austria is a federal republic made up of nine states (German: ''Länder''). Since ''Land'' is also the German word for "country", the term ''Bundesländer'' (literally ''federal states'') is often used instead to avoid ambiguity. The Constitutio ... Appearance The Militia Medal is a circular bronze medal with a patinaed finish. It has a raised edge and an eyelet at the top for suspension. The obverse bears the words ''DER MILIZ'' (The Militia) in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Service Medal
The Military Service Medal german: Wehrdienstmedaille is a military medal awarded to members of the Military of Austria. It is awarded in three classes: gold, silver, and bronze depending on length of recognized service. Established in 1963, the medal was originally called the Military Commemorative Service Medal (''Wehrdiensterinnerungsmedaille''). The name was changed to its current name in 1989. Criteria The Military Service Medal in bronze is the most common award of the medal. It is awarded to conscripts at the end of their mandatory training. The silver medal is awarded to those members of the militia who have already earned the bronze medal and have performed at least 30 days of additional training or other militia duty. The gold medal is awarded to those already holding the silver medal who have performed an additional 60 days of training or other militia duty. The medals are awarded only once. In the order of wear for Austrian medals the Military Service Medal is worn in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States Of Austria
Austria is a federal republic made up of nine states (German: ''Länder''). Since ''Land'' is also the German word for "country", the term ''Bundesländer'' (literally ''federal states'') is often used instead to avoid ambiguity. The Constitution of Austria uses both terms. Austrian states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each state has representatives in the main Austrian parliament. Geography The majority of the land area in the states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna, and Burgenland is situated in the Danube valley and thus consists almost completely of accessible and easily arable terrain. The other five states, in contrast, are located in the Alps and thus are comparatively unsuitable for agriculture. Their terrain is also relatively unfavourable to heavy industry and long-distance trade. Accordingly, the population of what now is the Republic of Austria has been concentrated in the former four states since prehistoric times. Austria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honours System In Austria
The honours system in the Republic of Austria is a means of rewarding individuals' personal achievement, or service to Austria by state decorations and medals. The system consists of several types of award which were established by the National Council (Austria) and are conferred by the President of Austria in accordance with the respective laws. Hofburg Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria History Over time, the National Council of Austria has enacted a series of laws establishing the various decorations and medals which now make up the Austrian honours system. Among these were * in 1952, the "Decoration for S ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patina
Patina ( or ) is a thin layer that variously forms on the surface of copper, brass, bronze and similar metals and metal alloys (tarnish produced by oxidation or other chemical processes) or certain stones and wooden furniture (sheen produced by age, wear, and polishing), or any similar acquired change of a surface through age and exposure. Additionally, the term is used to describe the aging of high-quality leather. The patinas on leather goods are unique to the type of leather, frequency of use, and exposure. Patinas can provide a protective covering to materials that would otherwise be damaged by corrosion or weathering. They may also be aesthetically appealing. Usage On metal, patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or sulfates formed on the surface during exposure to atmospheric elements (oxygen, rain, acid rain, carbon dioxide, sulfur-bearing compounds). In common parlance, weathering rust on steel is often mistakenly refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obverse And Reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, ''obverse'' means the front face of the object and ''reverse'' means the back face. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse ''tails''. In numismatics, the abbreviation ''obv.'' is used for ''obverse'',David Sear. ''Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values.'' Spink Books, 1982. p. xxxv. while ℞, )(Jonathan Edwards. ''Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Coins in the Numismatic Collection of Yale College, Volume 2.'' Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1880. p. 228. and rev.Allen G. Berman. ''Warman's Coins And Paper Money: Identification and Price Guide.'' Penguin, 2008. are used for reverse. In fields of scholarship outside numismatics, the term ''front'' is more com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roundel
A roundel is a circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also commonly used to refer to a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular in shape and usually comprising concentric rings of different colours. Other symbols also often use round shapes. Heraldry In heraldry, a ''roundel'' is a circular charge. ''Roundels'' are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from at least the twelfth century. Roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture. Thus, while a roundel may be blazoned by its tincture, e.g., ''a roundel vert'' (literally "a roundel green"), it is more often described by a single word, in this case ''pomme'' (literally "apple", from the French) or, from the same origins, ''pomeis''—as in "Vert; on a cross Or five pomeis". One special example of a named roundel is the fountain, depicted as ''a roundel barry wavy argent and azure'', that is, containing alternating horizo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of Austria
The current coat of arms of the Republic of Austria has been in use in its first forms by the Austria, First Republic of Austria since 1919. Between 1934 and the Anschluss, German annexation in 1938, the ''Federal State (Bundesstaat Österreich)'' used a different coat of arms, which consisted of a double-headed eagle (one-party corporatism, corporate state led by the clerico-right-wing Fatherland Front (Austria), Fatherland Front - often labeled austro-fascist). The establishment of the Second Republic in 1945 saw the return of the original arms, with broken chains added to symbolise Austria's liberation. In 1981 the ''Wappen der Republik Österreich (Bundeswappen)'' described the blazon in the Federal Constitutional Law (Austrian act) ''(Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, B-VG).'' With this change of law it was defined that the specific drawing is to codificate in an own statute law and that all other versions of the coat of arms of Austria were no longer in law. In accordance to this th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
