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Mikania Micrantha
''Mikania micrantha'' is a tropical plant in the family Asteraceae; known as bitter vine, climbing hemp vine, or American rope. It is also sometimes called mile-a-minute vine (a moniker also used for the unrelated '' Persicaria perfoliata''). It is known as Japani lota (জাপানী লতা) in Assam. It is a vigorously growing perennial creeper that grows best in areas in high humidity, light and soil fertility, though it can adapt in less fertile soils. The featherlike seeds are dispersed by wind. A single stalk can produce between 20 and 40 thousand seeds a season. The species is native to the sub-tropical zones of North, Central, and South America. Description ''Mikania micrantha'' has ribbed stems that grow up to in length with long leaves that have a heart-shaped base and a pointed apex. white flowers grow in clusters. Invasive species ''Mikania micrantha'' is a widespread weed in the tropics. It grows very quickly (as fast as in 24 hours for a young plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunth
Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the American continents, publishing ''Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt'' (7 vols., Paris, 1815–1825). Born in Leipzig, Kunth became a merchant's clerk in Berlin in 1806. After meeting Alexander von Humboldt, who helped him attend lectures at the University of Berlin, Kunth became interested in botany. Kunth worked as Humboldt's assistant in Paris from 1813 to 1819. He classified plants that had been collected by Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland during their journey through the Americas. When Kunth returned to Berlin in 1820, he became Professor of Botany at the University of Berlin, as well as the Vice President of the Berlin botanical garden. In 1829, he was elected memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thrips
Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species. They fly only weakly and their feathery wings are unsuitable for conventional flight; instead, thrips exploit an unusual mechanism, clap and fling, to create lift using an unsteady circulation pattern with transient vortices near the wings. Many thrips species are pests of commercially important crops. A few species serve as vectors for over 20 viruses that cause plant disease, especially the Tospoviruses. Some species of thrips are beneficial as pollinators or as predators of other insects or mites. In the right conditions, such as in greenhouses, many species can exponentially increase in population size and form large swarms because of a lack of natural predator ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh (, ) is a state in Northeastern India. It was formed from the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and became a state on 20 February 1987. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It shares international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed border with China in the north at the McMahon Line. Itanagar is the state capital of Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh is the largest of the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by area. Arunachal Pradesh shares a 1,129 km border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region. As of the 2011 Census of India, Arunachal Pradesh has a population of 1,382,611 and an area of . It is an ethnically diverse state, with predominantly Monpa people in the west, Tani people in the centre, Mishmi and Tai people in the east, and Naga people in the southeast of the state. About 26 major tribes and 100 sub-tribes live in the state. The main tribes of the state a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, interm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizoram
Mizoram () is a state in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and capital city. The name of the state is derived from "Mizo", the self-described name of the native inhabitants, and "Ram", which in the Mizo language means "land." Thus "Mizo-ram" means "land of the Mizos". Within India's northeast region, it is the southernmost landlocked state, sharing borders with three of the Seven Sister States, namely Tripura, Assam and Manipur. The state also shares a border with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. Like several other northeastern states of India, Mizoram was previously part of Assam until 1972, when it was carved out as a Union Territory. In 1986 the Indian Parliament adopted the 53rd amendment of the Indian Constitution, which allowed for the creation of the State of Mizoram on 20 February 1987, as India's 23rd state. According to a 2011 census, in that year Mizoram's population was 1,091,014. It is the 2nd least populous state in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about . The most outlying island group is Ono-i-Lau. About 87% of the total population of live on the two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts: either in the capital city of Suva; or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry; or in Lautoka, where the Sugarcane, sugar-cane industry is dominant. The interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited because of its terrain. The majority of Fiji's islands were formed by Volcano, volcanic activity starting around 150 million years ago. Some geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabavirus
''Fabavirus'' is a genus of plant viruses ( plant pathogens) in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily ''Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are seven species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: *'' Broad bean wilt virus 1'' *'' Broad bean wilt virus 2'' *'' Cucurbit mild mosaic virus'' *'' Gentian mosaic virus'' *'' Grapevine fabavirus'' *'' Lamium mild mosaic virus'' *'' Prunus virus F'' Structure Viruses in ''Fabavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 28-30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 23.4kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikania Micrantha Wilt Virus
''Mikania'' is a genus of about 450 species of plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. The name honors the Czech botanist Johann Christian Mikan, 1743–1814. Members of the genus are stem twiners and lianas and are common in the neotropical flora. ''Mikania'' originates from South America. A few species, such as ''Mikania scandens'', are found in temperate areas of North and South America, and nine species are known from the Old World tropics. As with other plants in the tribe Eupatorieae, the flowers have disc florets and no ray florets. The species '' Mikania laevigata'' and ''Mikania glomerata'', also known as guaco, are popular in herbal medicine. ''Mikania micrantha'' is a widespread weed in the tropics. It grows very quickly (as fast as 80 mm in 24 hours for a young plant) and covers other plants. People have looked into controlling it with herbicides, parasitic plants, fungi and insects. Selected species *'' Mikania andrei'' (Ecuador) *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesquiterpenoid
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and often have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be cyclic or contain rings, including many unique combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenes are found naturally in plants and insects, as semiochemicals, e.g. defensive agents or pheromones. Biosynthesis and examples The reaction of geranyl pyrophosphate with isopentenyl pyrophosphate results in the 15-carbon farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes such as farnesene. Cyclic sesquiterpenes are more common than cyclic monoterpenes because of the increased chain length and additional double bond in the sesquiterpene precursors. In addition to common six-membered ring systems such as the ones found in zingiberene and bisacurone, cyclization of one end of the chain to the other end can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. Drug-induced liver injury is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents. Certain medicinal agents, when taken in overdoses (e.g. paracetamol) and sometimes even when introduced within therapeutic ranges (e.g. halothane), may injure the organ. Other chemical agents, such as those used in laboratories and industries, natural chemicals (e.g., microcystins), and herbal remedies (two prominent examples being kava, mechanism unknown, and comfrey, through its pyrrolizidine alkaloid content) can also induce hepatotoxicity. Chemicals that cause liver injury are called hepatotoxins. More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury (see LiverTox, ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liothrips
''Liothrips'' is a genus of thrips with almost 300 described species. They are ordered into three subgenera, ''Epiliothrips'' (2 species), ''Liothrips'' (262 species) and ''Zopyrothrips'' (25 species). The Clidemia thrips ''Liothrips urichi'' is used as a control agent to stop the spread of ''Clidemia hirta'' in Hawaii. Species Subgenus ''Epiliothrips'' Priesner, 1965 *'' Liothrips postocularis'' *'' Liothrips willcocksi'' Subgenus ''Liothrips'' Uzel, 1895 *'' Liothrips aberrans'' *'' Liothrips abstrusus'' *'' Liothrips acuminatus'' *'' Liothrips adisi'' *'' Liothrips adusticornis'' *'' Liothrips aemulans'' *'' Liothrips aequilus'' *'' Liothrips aethiops'' *'' Liothrips africanus'' *'' Liothrips amabilis'' *'' Liothrips amoenus'' *'' Liothrips ampelopsidis'' *'' Liothrips ananthakrishnani'' *'' Liothrips annulifer'' *'' Liothrips anogeissi'' *'' Liothrips anonae'' *'' Liothrips antennatus'' *'' Liothrips apicatus'' *'' Liothrips araliae'' *'' Liothrips arrogantis'' *'' Liothrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puccinia Spegazzinii
''Puccinia'' is a genus of fungi. All species in this genus are obligate plant pathogens and are known as rusts. The genus contains about 4000 species. The genus name of ''Puccinia'' is in honour of Tommaso Puccini (died 1735), who was an Italian doctor and botanist who taught Anatomy at Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. The genus was circumscribed by Pier Antonio Micheli in Nov. Pl. Gen. on page 213 in 1729. Taxonomy Examples of ''Puccinia'' rusts and the diseases they cause: * '' Puccinia asparagi'' - Asparagus rust * ''Puccinia graminis'' - Stem rust, also known as black rust * '' Puccinia horiana'' - Chrysanthemum white rust * '' Puccinia mariae-wilsoniae'' - Spring beauty rust * '' Puccinia poarum'' - Coltsfoot rust gall * ''Puccinia psidii'' - Guava rust or eucalyptus rust * '' Puccinia recondita'' - Brown rust * ''Puccinia sessilis'' - Arum rust and Ransoms rust * '' Puccinia striiformis'' - Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust * ''Puccinia triticina'' - W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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