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Miguel Reale
Miguel Reale (6 November 1910 – 14 April 2006) was a Brazilian jurist, philosopher, academic, politician and poet known as one of the most important jurists of Brazil. He was one of the leaders of Integralism in Brazil and an ideologue of the Brazilian Integralist Action. Reale served as Secretary of Justice for the state of São Paulo in 1947. He founded the Brazilian Institute of Philosophy in 1949 and the São Paulo-based Inter-American Society of Philosophy in 1954. He was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Biography Reale graduated from the Law Faculty of the University of São Paulo (1934), where he was professor (1941) and rector (1949-1950, 1969-1973). In addition, he received the title of professor emeritus of the University of São Paulo. As a scholar, he became well known in Latin America and in Continental Europe for his works on law and philosophy. Was a prolific writer in the legal field, having written several classic works of Brazilian philosophica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Bento Do Sapucaí
São Bento do Sapucaí is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo state. Once known as a religious and traditional town, the municipality of São Bento do Sapucaí, now with its population reaching 10,000 inhabitants, is known for its mild weather, beautiful landscapes, and great conditions for the practice of many action sports. History First settlings in that area were made by Bandeirantes that went up the Serra da Mantiqueira trying to reach the gold mining regions of Minas Gerais. The town was founded on August 6, 1832, and Saint Benedict was chosen as the patron saint. The name of the place comes from Saint Benedict in Portuguese) and the river Sapucaí, that crosses town. Around 1850, José Pereira Alves and his wife, Ignez Leite de Toledo donated a large area of land to the town, with the purpose of building a great church in honor of St. Benedict. The town's folk went in a religious procession to retrieve an image of the saint from the nearest chapel (which was almost in Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated as a subcontinent, and called as European subcontinent. The old notion of Europe as a cultural term was centred on core Europe (''Kerneuropa''), the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire, corresponding to modern France, Italy, German-speaking Europe and the Benelux states (historical Austrasia). This historical core of "Carolingian Europe" was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration (see also Multi-speed Europe). Usage The most common definition of Mainland Europe excludes these continental islands: the Greek Islands, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (; born 18 June 1931), also known by his initials FHC (), is a Brazilian sociologist, professor and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. An accomplished scholar of dependency theory noted for his research on slavery and political theory, Cardoso has earned many honors including the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (2000) and the Kluge Prize from the US Library of Congress (2012). Cardoso was the 10th president of International Sociological Association (1982–1986). Personal and professional life Cardoso descends from wealthy Portuguese immigrants. Some were politicians during the Empire of Brazil. He is also of black African descent, through a black great-great-grandmother and a mulatto great-grandmother. Cardoso described himself as "slightly mulatto" and allegedly said he has "''a foot in the k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gofredo Teles Júnior
Goffredo Carlos da Silva Telles or, as he later adopted Gofredo da Silva Telles Júnior ( May 16, 1915 - June 27, 2009) was a Brazilian lawyer, jurist, and university professor. A professor at the University of São Paulo, he was Director and Vice-Director of the same institution, where he also organized courses in philosophy, general theory of the state, and postgraduate courses. He helped found the Brazilian Institute of Philosophy. He participated in the elaboration of the 1946 Constitution, serving as a federal deputy until 1950. Life Telles was born in São Paulo. He was the son of Gofredo Teixeira da Silva Teles and Carolina Penteado da Silva Teles and, through her, the maternal grandson of Inácio Leite Penteado and Olívia Guedes Penteado, uncles of the patroness Yolanda Penteado. During the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, Gofredo Teles Júnior served as a volunteer in Guaratinguetá. At the time, his father was mayor of São Paulo. In 1933, he enrolled at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Helena Diniz
Maria Helena Diniz (born 1956, São Paulo) is a Brazilian jurist and professor. She currently holds the chair of full professor of Civil Law at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, where she obtained her master's (1974) and doctorate (1976) degrees. She is the author of more than forty books and articles in the field of law, mainly in the civil area. In constitutional law, Maria Helena Diniz proposes a new classification, based on intangibility and the production of concrete effects. Thus, it divides them into constitutional norms of absolute, full, restrictable relative and complementable relative (or complementation-dependent) effectiveness. Published books and works Main published works *''Brazilian Civil Law Course - General Theory of Civil Law'' *''Brazilian Civil Law Course - General Theory of Obligations'' *''The Gaps in Law'' *''Compendium of introduction to the science of law'' *''Concept of Legal Norm as an Essential Problem'' *''1988 Constitution: Leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ada Pellegrini Grinover
Ada Pellegrini Grinover (16 April 1933 – 13 July 2017) was a Brazilian lawyer. She was a full professor at the University of Sao Paulo and attorney for the State of Sao Paulo. Life Grinover was born in 1933 in Naples. Her father, Domenico Pellegrini Giampietro, was to become an Italian minister in the 1940s. Her father had been involved with the Italian fascists and they left Italy and the family emigrated to Brazil in 1951. She studied law at the University of Sao Paulo graduating in 1958 and with a doctorate in 1970. In 1973 she became a law Professor and in 1980 a full professor. In 2002 she was involved in setting up a long list of new laws for Brazil. Others involved were Miguel Reale, Maria Helena Diniz and Gofredo da Silva Teles Júnior, she actively participated in the important drafting of the Brazilian Civil Code. In 2005, "Studies in Tribute to Professor Ada Pellegrini Grinover" was published by professors Flávio Luiz Yarshell and Maurício Zanoide de Moraes. Grin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Regime
A military dictatorship is a dictatorship in which the military exerts complete or substantial control over political authority, and the dictator is often a high-ranked military officer. The reverse situation is to have civilian control of the military. Creation and evolution Most military dictatorships are formed after a ''coup d'état'' has overthrown the previous government. There have been cases, however, where the civilian government had been formally maintained but the military exercises ''de facto'' control—the civilian government is either bypassed or forced to comply with the military's wishes. For example, from 1916 until the end of World War I, the German Empire was governed as an effective military dictatorship, because its leading generals had gained such a level of control over Kaiser Wilhelm II that the Chancellor and other civilian ministers effectively served at their pleasure. Alternatively, the Empire of Japan after 1931 never in any formal way drastically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Amendment
A constitutional amendment is a modification of the constitution of a polity, organization or other type of entity. Amendments are often interwoven into the relevant sections of an existing constitution, directly altering the text. Conversely, they can be appended to the constitution as supplemental additions (codicils), thus changing the frame of government without altering the existing text of the document. Most constitutions require that amendments cannot be enacted unless they have passed a special procedure that is more stringent than that required of ordinary legislation. Examples of such special procedures include supermajorities in the legislature, or direct approval by the electorate in a referendum, or even a combination of two or more different special procedures. A referendum to amend the constitution may also be triggered in some jurisdictions by popular initiative. Australia and Ireland provide examples of constitutions requiring that all amendments are first pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from Sovereign state, sovereign countries to Company, companies and unincorporated Club (organization), associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Da Costa E Silva
Artur da Costa e Silva (; 3 October 1899 – 17 December 1969) was a Brazilian Army Marshal and the second president of the Brazilian military government that came to power after the 1964 coup d'état. He reached the rank of Marshal of the Brazilian Army, and held the post of Minister of War in the military government of President Castelo Branco. During his term in office Institutional Act 5 was promulgated. This law gave the President powers to dismiss the National Congress, strip politicians of their offices of power, and institutionalize repressive methods of rule against left-wing parties and individuals. Costa e Silva's government started the most oppressive stage of the military regime against opposition, left-wing activists and suspected communists, which would be continued and expanded under his successor Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Early life Birth Costa e Silva was born in Taquari in Rio Grande do Sul state on 3 October 1899. While several sources erroneously ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialectic
Dialectic ( grc-gre, διαλεκτική, ''dialektikḗ''; related to dialogue; german: Dialektik), also known as the dialectical method, is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned argumentation. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concept excludes subjective elements such as emotional appeal and the modern pejorative sense of rhetoric. Dialectic may thus be contrasted with both the eristic, which refers to argument that aims to successfully dispute another's argument (rather than searching for truth), and the didactic method, wherein one side of the conversation teaches the other. Dialectic is alternatively known as ''minor logic'', as opposed to ''major logic'' or critique. Within Hegelianism, the word ''dialectic'' has the specialised meaning of a contradiction between ideas that serves as the determining factor in their relationship. Dialectical materialism, a theory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axiological
Axiology (from Greek , ''axia'': "value, worth"; and , ''-logia'': "study of") is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately connected with various other philosophical fields that crucially depend on the notion of value, like ethics, aesthetics or philosophy of religion. It is also closely related to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used by Paul Lapie, in 1902, and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908. The distinction between ''intrinsic'' and ''extrinsic'' value is central to axiology. One conceptualization holds that something is ''intrinsically valuable'' if it is ''good in itself'' or ''good for its own sake''. It is usually held that intrinsic value ''depends'' on certain features of the valuable entity. For example, an experience may be said to be intrinsically valuable ''by virtue of'' being (because it is) pleasurable or beautiful or "true" (e.g., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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