Michelle Smith
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Michelle Smith
Michelle Smith de Bruin (born 16 December 1969 in Rathcoole) is an Irish lawyer and retired Olympic swimmer. She won three gold medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, for the 400 m individual medley, 400 m freestyle and 200 m individual medley, and also won the bronze medal for the 200 m butterfly event. Smith's wins in Atlanta were marked by allegations of doping, which were never proven. Smith worked as a barrister after her swimming career ended, practising under her married name of Michelle de Bruin. Swimming career Michelle Smith's father taught his daughters how to swim, and Smith was first spotted by a lifeguard in Tallaght swimming pool at age nine. He suggested that Smith's father enroll his daughter in a swimming club. Smith joined Terenure Swimming Club and trained under the tutelage of Larry Williamson. Smith won the Dublin and All-Ireland Community Games at aged 9. She won ten gold medals at a novice competition. She enrolled in the ...
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Freestyle Swimming
Freestyle is a category of swimming competition, defined by the rules of the International Swimming Federation (FINA), in which competitors are subject to a few limited restrictions on their swimming stroke. Freestyle races are the most common of all swimming competitions, with distances beginning with 50 meters (50 yards) and reaching 1500 meters (1650 yards), also known as the mile. The term 'freestyle stroke' is sometimes used as a synonym for 'front crawl', as front crawl is the fastest surface swimming stroke. It is now the most common stroke used in freestyle competitions. The first Olympics held open water swimming events, but after a few Olympics, closed water swimming was introduced. The front crawl or freestyle was the first event that was introduced. Technique Freestyle swimming implies the use of legs and arms for competitive swimming, except in the case of the individual medley or medley relay events. The front crawl is most commonly chosen by swimmers, as th ...
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Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 living within the city limits, it is the eighth most populous city in the Southeast and 38th most populous city in the United States according to the 2020 U.S. census. It is the core of the much larger Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to more than 6.1 million people, making it the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Situated among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains at an elevation of just over above sea level, it features unique topography that includes rolling hills, lush greenery, and the most dense urban tree coverage of any major city in the United States. Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad, but it soon became the convergence point among several rai ...
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Janet Evans
Janet Beth Evans (born August 28, 1971) is an American former competition swimmer who specialized in distance freestyle events. Evans was a world champion and world record-holder, and won a total of four gold medals at the 1988 and the 1992 Olympics. Biography Born in Fullerton, California, Evans grew up in neighboring Placentia, where she started swimming competitively as a child. By the age of 11, she was setting national age group records in distance events. After swimming as a teenager for Fullerton Aquatics Sports Team (FAST Swimming) and graduating from El Dorado High School, Evans attended Stanford University, where she swam for the Stanford Cardinal swimming and diving team from 1989 to 1991. She received the Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year in 1988–89. When the NCAA placed weekly hours limits on athletic training time, she quit the Stanford swim team to focus on training. She ...
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List Of Irish Records In Swimming
The Irish records in swimming are ratified by Irelands's governing body in swimming, Swim Ireland. Records can be set in long course (50 metres) or short course (25 metres) swimming pools, with records currently recorded in the following events for both men and women. *Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m *Backstroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m *Breaststroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m *Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m *Individual medley: 100 m (short course only), 200 m, 400 m *Relays: 4×50 m freestyle (short course only), 4 × 100 m freestyle, 4 × 200 m freestyle, 4×50 m freestyle (short course only), 4 × 100 m medley Long course (50 m) Men Women Mixed relay Short course (25 m) Men Women Mixed relay Notes References ;GeneralIrish Long Course Records''3 August 2022 updated''Irish Short Course Records''20 December 2022 updated''Irish Mixed Relay Records''20 ...
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1994 World Aquatics Championships
The 1994 FINA World Aquatics Championships were held in Rome, Italy between September 1 and September 11, 1994. Medal table Results Diving ;Men ;Women Open water swimming ;Men ;Women Swimming ;Men ;Women Synchronized swimming Water polo ;Men ;Women External links * Swim Rankingresultspassword required {{fina world champs Aquatics Championship Aquatics Championship FINA World Aquatics Championships Aquatics Championship World Aquatics Championships The FINA World Championships or World Aquatics Championships are the World Championships for aquatics sports: swimming, diving, high diving, open water swimming, artistic swimming, and water polo. They are run by FINA, and all swimming events ar ... September 1994 sports events in Europe 1990s in Rome ...
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Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,Barcelona: Población por municipios y sexo
– Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute)
its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the
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Swimming At The 1992 Summer Olympics
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, 31 swimming Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through water, or other liquid, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Locomotion is achieved through coordinated movement of the limbs and the body to achieve hydrodynamic thrust that r ... events were contested. There was a total of 641 participants from 92 countries competing. Medal table Medal summary Men's events * Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals. Women's events * Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals. Participating nations 641 swimmers from 92 nations competed. References External linksOfficial Olympic Report {{DEFAULTSORT:Swimming At The 1992 Summer Olympics 1992 Summer Olympics events 1992 1992 in swimming ...
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1991 European Aquatics Championships
The 1991 European Aquatics Championships was a water sport competition hosted in Athens, Greece from 18–25 August. Medal table Swimming Men's events Women's events Open water swimming * Held in Terracina, Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ... from 14–15 September. Men's events Women's events Diving Men's events Women's events Synchronized swimming Water polo Men's event Women's event External linksResults on GBRSports* {{LEN swimming champs European Aquatics Championships, 1991 S LEN European Aquatics Championships Sports competitions in Athens S August 1991 sports events in Europe 20th century in Athens ...
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1991 World Aquatics Championships
The 1991 World Aquatics Championships took place at the Claremont Superdrome in Perth, Western Australia from 3 to 13 January 1991 with 1142 participating athletes. Medal table Medal summary Diving ;Men ;Women Open water swimming ;Men ;Women Swimming ;Men ;Women Synchronised swimming Water polo ;Men ;Women Participating nations External linksFINA Official Website1991 World Aquatics Championships Results
() {{Fina world champs
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Swimming At The 1988 Summer Olympics
The 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul, South Korea. The swimming competition, held from September 18 to September 25, was notable for the seven medals, including five golds, won by Matt Biondi, the six golds won by Kristin Otto, and the three individual golds won by Janet Evans. 633 participants from 77 countries were competing. Medal table Events The swimming program for 1988 included two new events, the men's and women's 50 m freestyle, bringing the total number of events to 31. The following events were contested: * Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m (women), 1500 m (men), *Backstroke: 100 m, 200 m * Breaststroke: 100 m, 200 m *Butterfly: 100 m, 200 m *Individual Medley: 200 m, 400 m *Relay: 4 × 100 m free, 4 × 200 m free (men); 4 × 100 m medley Competition schedule All dates are in 1988. Medal summary Men’s events * Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals. Women’s events * Swimmers who participated in the heats on ...
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Barrister
A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching law and giving expert legal opinions. Barristers are distinguished from both solicitors and chartered legal executives, who have more direct access to clients, and may do transactional legal work. It is mainly barristers who are appointed as judges, and they are rarely hired by clients directly. In some legal systems, including those of Scotland, South Africa, Scandinavia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and the British Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, the word ''barrister'' is also regarded as an honorific title. In a few jurisdictions, barristers are usually forbidden from "conducting" litigation, and can only act on the instructions of a solicitor, and increasingly - chartered legal executives, who perform tasks such ...
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Use Of Performance-enhancing Drugs In Sport
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors as a way of cheating in sports. The term ''doping'' is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, athletes (or athletic programs) taking explicit measures to evade detection exacerbate the ethical violation with overt deception and cheating. The origins of doping in sports go back to the very creation of sport itself. From ancient usage of substances in chariot racing to more recent controversies in doping in baseball, doping in tennis, doping at the Olympic Games, and doping at the Tour de France, popular views among athletes have varied widely from country to country over the years. The general trend among authorities and sporting organizations over the ...
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