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Michel Écochard
Michel Écochard (11 March 1905 - 24 May 1985) was a French architect and urban planner. He played a large part in the urban planning of Casablanca from 1946 to 1952 during the French Protectorate, then in the French redevelopment of Damascus during its occupation of Syria. He was also trained as an archeologist. Education Michel Écochard graduated from the École des Beaux-Arts in 1929. His training there had inclined him toward modernist ideas of industrialised construction. He was also trained as an archeologist, and was fascinated by Mediterranean vernacular architecture, which was popularised in Paris around that time by Auguste Perret. Career Syria Écochard began his career at a fairly young age. In 1930, when he was only in his twenties, he began his first public works restoring historic buildings in Damascus, which was then under French colonial rule. He a member of the French reconstruction team that restored the Temple of Bel in Palmyra, the Mosque of Bosra, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Glossary of mathematical sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architecture Of Casablanca
The architecture of Casablanca is diverse and historically significant. Casablanca, Morocco's economic capital, has a rich urban history and is home to many notable buildings in a variety of styles. Throughout the 20th century, architecture and urban development in Casablanca evolved in a way that was simultaneously specific to the city's contexts, and consonant with international ideas. Anfa, as the settlement in what is now Casablanca was known, was built by the Romans according to the ''Descrittione dell’Africa'' of Leo Africanus. The city is located at the mouth of Wādi Būskūra on the Atlantic Ocean in the Chaouia plain, known as Tamasna under the Barghawata. It was destroyed by the earthquake of 1755 and rebuilt by Sultan Muhammad III of Morocco, who employed European architects, and it was renamed ''Ad-dār al-Bayḍā'' (). The , the medina walls, and the two oldest mosques date back to this period. The 1906 Algeciras Conference gave the French holding company per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Wogenscky
André Wogenscky (1916 - 2004) was a French Modernist architect — and member of the Académie des beaux-arts. 20th-century French architects Modernist architects 1916 births 2004 deaths People from Remiremont Members of the Académie des beaux-arts École des Beaux-Arts alumni {{France-architect-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Bodiansky
Vladimir Bodiansky (March 25, 1894 – December 10, 1966) was a French engineer with origins in Russia and a specialty in modern architecture. Early life and education Vladamir Bodiansky began his education in 1910 at the Moscow Highway Institute. After spending four years there, Bodianksy left with a civil engineering degree in 1914, and began building railways for the Russian Protectorate of Bokhara. Because he was enrolled as a volunteer member of the Russian Cavalry, he was sent off to fight in World War I in 1915. He fought in Russia until three months after the October 1917 Revolution, receiving his first degree in aviation in November 1917 from the Aviation School of Tiflis. He arrived in France in January 1918, and three months later Bodiansky joined the French Foreign Legion. As a member of the Foreign Legion, Bodiansky had many different roles in the aviation division, including as a military aviator pilot, a hydroplane pilot, a seaplane pilot, and a civil aviation pilot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , , ), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930. His career spanned five decades, and he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India, and North and South America. Dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities, Le Corbusier was influential in urban planning, and was a founding member of the (CIAM). Le Corbusier prepared the master plan for the city of Chandigarh in India, and contributed specific designs for several buildings there, especially the government buildings. On 17 July 2016, seventeen projects by Le Corbusier in seven countries were inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atelier Des Bâtisseurs
An atelier () is the private workshop or studio of a professional artist in the fine or decorative arts or an architect, where a principal master and a number of assistants, students, and apprentices can work together producing fine art or visual art released under the master's name or supervision. Ateliers were the standard vocational practice for European artists from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, and common elsewhere in the world. In medieval Europe this way of working and teaching was often enforced by local guild regulations, such as those of the painters' Guild of Saint Luke, and of other craft guilds. Apprentices usually began working on simple tasks when young, and after some years with increasing knowledge and expertise became journeymen, before possibly becoming masters themselves. This master-apprentice system was gradually replaced as the once powerful guilds declined, and the academy became a favored method of training. However, many professional artists co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Candilis
Georges Candilis ( el, Γεώργιος Κανδύλης; 29 March 1913 – 10 May 1995) was a Greek-French architect and urbanist. Biography Born in Azerbaijan, he moved to Greece and graduated from the Polytechnic School of Athens between 1931 and 1936. In 1933 he met Le Corbusier during his studies, at CIAM IV, as a result he is assigned the direction of ASCORAL in 1943. In 1945, he moved to France in along with many other Greek intellectuals on the '' Mataroa'' voyage. There he worked for André Lurçat and Le Corbusier in their office, and was involved in the construction of the Unité d'Habitation de Marseille. Together with Shadrach Woods and Henri Piot he was engaged in the search for solutions in the problem of the rapidly urbanizing science of Islamic countries, combining low-cost construction and the use of traditional architectural elements. They developed cross-ventilated buildings with courtyards, in Oran, Algeria and Casablanca. In 1951, together with Shadrach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congrès Internationaux D'Architecture Moderne
The ''Congrès internationaux d'architecture moderne'' (CIAM), or International Congresses of Modern Architecture, was an organization founded in 1928 and disbanded in 1959, responsible for a series of events and congresses arranged across Europe by the most prominent architects of the time, with the objective of spreading the principles of the Modern Movement focusing in all the main domains of architecture (such as landscape, urbanism, industrial design, and many others). Formation and membership The ''International Congresses of Modern Architecture'' (CIAM) was founded in June 1928, at the Chateau de la Sarraz in Switzerland, by a group of 28 European architects organized by Le Corbusier, Hélène de Mandrot (owner of the castle), and Sigfried Giedion, (the first secretary-general). CIAM was one of many 20th-century manifestos meant to advance the cause of ''architecture as a social art''. Members Other founder members included Karl Moser (first president), Hendrik Berlag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rural Flight
Rural flight (or rural exodus) is the migratory pattern of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective. In industrializing economies like Britain in the eighteenth century or East Asia in the twentieth century, it can occur following the industrialization of primary industries such as agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of output to market—and related secondary industries (refining and processing) are consolidated. Rural exodus can also follow an ecological or human-caused catastrophe such as a famine or resource depletion. These are examples of push factors. The same phenomenon can also be brought about simply because of higher wages and educational access available in urban areas; examples of pull factors. Once rural populations fall below a critical mass, the population is too small to support certain businesses, which then also leave or close, in a v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MAMMA
Mama(s) or Mamma or Momma may refer to: Roles *Mother, a female parent *Mama-san, in Japan and East Asia, a woman in a position of authority *Mamas, a name for female associates of the Hells Angels Places *Mama, Russia, an urban-type settlement in Mamsko-Chuysky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia *Mama Airport, an airport there *Mama (river), a tributary of the Vitim in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia *Mama Municipality, Yucatán, a municipality of Yucatán * Mama, Yucatán, the municipal seat of the Mama Municipality, Yucatán Anatomy *The breast, the upper ventral region of a mammal's torso; see: **Mamma (anatomy) of humans **Mammary gland of female mammals **Udder of female quadruped mammals Art, entertainment, and media People and fictional characters *Big Bad Mama, stage name of Lynn Braxton, professional wrestler from the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling *Big Mama, former manager of American professional wrestler Jimmy Valiant (born 1942) *Gemma Teller Morrow, a character on ''The Sons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
