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Michael Attaliates
Michael Attaleiates or Attaliates ( grc-gre, Μιχαήλ Ἀτταλειάτης, Michaḗl Attaleiátēs, ; – 1080) was a Byzantine Greek chronicler, public servant and historian active in Constantinople and around the empire's provinces in the second half of the eleventh century. He was a younger contemporary (possibly even a student) of Michael Psellos and likely an older colleague of John Skylitzes, the two other Byzantine historians of the eleventh century whose work survives. Life and work Michael Attaleiates was probably a native of Attaleia (now Antalya, in Turkey) and moved to Constantinople some time between, approximately, 1030 and 1040 to pursue studies in law. During years of service in the empire's judicial system he built a small private fortune. Prominence on the judge's bench also brought him to the attention of a number of emperors who rewarded him with some of the highest honours available to civil servants (''patrikios'' and ''anthypatos''). In 1072, Attal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Greeks
The Byzantine Greeks were the Greek-speaking Eastern Romans of Orthodox Christianity throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. They were the main inhabitants of the lands of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire), of Constantinople and Asia Minor (modern Turkey), the Greek islands, Cyprus, and portions of the southern Balkans, and formed large minorities, or pluralities, in the coastal urban centres of the Levant and northern Egypt. Throughout their history, the Byzantine Greeks self-identified as ''Romans'' ( gr, Ῥωμαῖοι, Rhōmaîoi), but are referred to as "Byzantine Greeks" in modern historiography. Latin speakers identified them simply as Greeks or with the term Romei. The social structure of the Byzantine Greeks was primarily supported by a rural, agrarian base that consisted of the peasantry, and a small fraction of the poor. These peasants lived within three kinds of settlements: the ''chorion'' or village, the ''agridion'' or hamlet, and the ''proast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexios Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos ( grc-gre, Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός, 1057 – 15 August 1118; Latinized Alexius I Comnenus) was Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenian dynasty, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power and initiated a hereditary succession to the throne. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration. His appeals to Western Europe for help against the Turks was the catalyst that sparked the First Crusade. Biography Alexios was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassene,Kazhdan 1991, p. 63 and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander P
Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa and Sander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). It is an example of the widespread motif of Greek names expressing "battle-prowess", in this case the ability to withstand or push back an enemy battle line. The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/ Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Haldon
John F. Haldon FBA ( 23 October 1948 in Newcastle upon Tyne) is a British historian, and Shelby Cullom Davis '30 Professor of European History emeritus, professor of Byzantine history and Hellenic Studies emeritus, as well as former director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University. Early life and education Haldon is from Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, his master's degree from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, and his PhD from the University of Birmingham, in the UK. Haldon also studied Modern Greek at the University of Athens. He initially wanted to study Roman-British history and work on post-Roman Britain, but eventually changed his field of study. Career From 1980 to 1995, he was junior professor at the University of Birmingham. From 1995 to 2000, he was director of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Psellus
Michael Psellos or Psellus ( grc-gre, Μιχαὴλ Ψελλός, Michaḗl Psellós, ) was a Byzantine Greek monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018, and is believed to have died in 1078, although it has also been maintained that he remained alive until 1096. He served as a high ranking advisor to several Byzantine emperors and was instrumental in the re-positioning of power of those emperors. Biography and political career The main sources of information about Psellos' life are his own works, which contain extensive autobiographical passages. Michael Psellos was probably born in Constantinople. His family hailed from Nicomedia and, according to his own testimony, counted members of the consular and patrician elite among its ancestors. His baptismal name was Constantine; Michael was the monastic name he chose when he entered a monastery later in life. "Psellos" ('the stammerer') probably was a personal by-na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speros Vryonis
Speros Vryonis Jr. ( el, Σπυρίδων "Σπύρος" Βρυώνης, July 18, 1928 – March 12, 2019) was an American historian of Greek descent and a specialist in Byzantine, Balkan, and Greek history. He was the author of a number of works on Byzantine and Greek-Turkish relations, including his seminal ''The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor'' (1971) and ''The Mechanism of Catastrophe'' (2005). Vryonis attained his Bachelor of Arts in ancient history and the classics from Southwestern College (now Rhodes College) in Memphis, Tennessee in 1950. He received his Masters of Arts from Harvard University two years later and his Ph.D. from the same school in 1956. Vryonis carried out his post-doctoral research at Dumbarton Oaks before joining the history faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles in the mid-1960s, where he served as the director of the G. E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies. In 1987 he was tapped to head the Alexander S. Onassis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimitris Krallis
Dimitris Krallis ( gr, Δημήτρης Κράλλης) is a Greek historian who is Professor of Humanities and Director of the SNF Centre for Hellenic Studies at Simon Fraser University. Biography Dimitris Krallis was born in Athens, Greece where he attended Athens College and the University of Athens. At the University of Athens he studied political theory and inspired by his professors of history, decided to apply for a graduate degree in Byzantine Studies. He attended the University of Oxford where he studied Byzantine social and political history. After an interruption of four years dedicated to military service and to teaching at the American College of Greece in Athens, he moved to the US and the University of Michigan for his doctorate. After graduating from the University of Michigan, he joined the faculty at Simon Fraser University where he is Professor of Humanities and Director at the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Centre for Hellenic Studies. Books and Book-length transl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthony Kaldellis
Anthony Kaldellis ( gr, Αντώνιος Καλδέλλης; born 29 November 1971) is a Greek historian who is Professor and a faculty member of the Department of Classics at the University of Chicago. He is a specialist in Greek historiography, Plato and Byzantine Studies. He is also the author of numerous monographs on classical antiquity and the Byzantine Empire, which have been translated into many languages. Biography Anthony Kaldellis was born on 29 November 1971 in Athens, Greece. He received his B.A. (1994) and Ph.D. (2001) in History from the University of Michigan. After gaining his Ph.D. Kaldellis has served as Assistant Professor (2001–2006), Associate Professor (2006–2007), Professor (2007–) and Chair (2015–) of the Department of Classics at Ohio State University. Kaldellis is a member of the advisory boards of the ''Journal of Late Antiquity'' (2016–), ''Minerva'' (2013), and ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'' (2008–); a member of the editorial boar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symeon Seth
Symeon Seth, "Symeōn Magister of Antioch onof Sēth". His first name may also be spelled Simeon or Simeo. (c. 1035 – c. 1110)Antonie Pietrobelli (2016)Qui est Syméon Seth ?Le Projet Syméon Seth. was a Byzantine scientist, translator and official under Emperor Michael VII Doukas. He is often said to have been Jewish, but there is no evidence of this. He wrote four original works in Greek and translated one from Arabic.Petros Bouras-Vallianatos and Sophia Xenophontos"Galen's Reception in Byzantium: Symeon Seth and his Refutation of Galenic Theories on Human Physiology" ''Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies'' 55 (2015): 431–469, at 436–442. Life Symeon was originally from Antioch. His second name, gives as Seth () or Sethi (), may be a patronymic (indicating his father was named Seth) but is more probably a family name. The manuscripts of his works describe him as a philosopher and give him the titles ''magistros'' and ''vestes''. These titles were losing their significance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monk
A monk (, from el, μοναχός, ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decides to dedicate their life to serving other people and serving God, or to be an ascetic who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live their life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many religions and in philosophy. In the Greek language, the term can apply to women, but in modern English it is mainly in use for men. The word ''nun'' is typically used for female monastics. Although the term ''monachos'' is of Christian origin, in the English language ''monk'' tends to be used loosely also for both male and female ascetics from other religious or philosophical backgrounds. However, being generic, it is not interchangeable with terms that denote particular kinds of monk, such as cenobite, hermit, anchor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Mauropous
John Mauropous ( el, , ''Iōánnēs Maurópous'', lit. "John Blackfoot") was an Eastern Roman poet, hymnographer, and author of letters and orations, who lived in the 11th century. Life John Mauropous was born in Paphlagonia around 1000. He came to Constantinople, and quickly gained a reputation as a teacher. Among his students, Michael Psellos was to be the most important. It was also Psellos who introduced him to the emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-1055). For a couple of years, Mauropous belonged to the favoured circle of poets and scholars that Constantine gathered around him, he functioned as a court orator. But for an unknown reason, these friends suddenly fell from favour around the year 1050, and presumably on this occasion,This is disputed by Kazhdan in "Some Problems in the Biography of John Mauropous", ''JÖB'' 43 (1993) p. 87-111, where he dates Mauropous' appointment in the 1070s. But Kazhdan's arguments are convincingly refuted by A. Karpozilos in "The Bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Keroularios
Michael I Cerularius or Keroularios ( el, Μιχαήλ Α΄ Κηρουλάριος; 1000 – 21 January 1059 AD) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 1043 to 1059 AD. His disputes with Pope Leo IX over church practices in the 11th century played a role in the events that led to the Great Schism in 1054. Background Michael Cerularius was born in Constantinople around 1000 AD and joined the Church at a young age. Schism Michael quarreled with Pope Leo IX over church practices in which the Roman Church differed from Constantinople, particularly the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist. Dissenting opinions were also exchanged over other theological and cultural issues, ranging from the issue of papal supremacy in the Church to the ''filioque'' clause and other disagreements between the patriarchates. In 1054, Pope Leo IX sent a letter to Michael, citing a large portion of the ''Donation of Constantine'' believing it genuine. :"The first pope who used it he Donatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
