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Methuen Treaty
The Methuen Treaty was a military and commercial treaty between England and Portugal that was signed in 1703 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. The treaty stipulated that no tax higher than the tax charged for an equal amount of French wines could be charged for Portuguese wines ''(but see below)'' exported to England, and that no English textiles exported to Portugal would be charged any taxes, regardless of the geopolitical situation in each of the two nations (to ensure England would still accept Portuguese wine in periods when not at war with France). Results of the deal were mixed. On the negative side, Portugal would not develop its industrial infrastructures (and therefore could be said to have lost the industrial race) and other types of agricultural products, since this period saw the appearance of other industries in Portugal, such as the manufacturing of porcelain. Some of the factories that appeared in this period still exist. On the positive side, Portuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrien Carpentiers
Adrien Carpentiers, also known as Carpentière or Charpentière ( fl. 1739, d.1778) was a portrait painter, possibly from the Low Countries, active in England from about 1739. Life Carpentiers, who was possibly of Flemish origin, was active in England from 1739. He worked in several parts of the country, and is recorded as having been in Kent 1739, in Bath in 1743, in Oxford in 1745, in East Anglia from 1751 and in Norwich in 1757, before settling in London in around 1760. He exhibited at the Society of Artists in 1760–7, the Free Society of Artists in 1762–6, and at the Royal Academy in 1770–4. His address is given in the Academy catalogues as "Corner of Charlotte Street, Pimlico" in 1770–2, and later as "At Mr. Liddell's, grocer, Pimlico". His surviving works include several portraits of members of the Dashwood family at West Wycombe House West Wycombe Park is a country house built between 1740 and 1800 near the village of West Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldstein Family
The House of Waldstein or House of Valdštejn is a Bohemian noble family that originated from the Kingdom of Bohemia as a branch of the Markwartinger family (House of Markvartic) and gained prominence during the reign of the Přemyslid dynasty. The house was founded by Jaroslav of Hruštice (1234–1269) and named after Valdštejn Castle near Turnov in northern Bohemia. The family's most prominent members include Albrecht von Wallenstein, the Imperial general during the Thirty Years' War, and Ferdinand Ernst von Waldstein, a statesman and early patron of Ludwig van Beethoven. History The Waldstein noble family originated from the medieval ''Markvartici'' clan, which gained influence at the Přemyslid court in Prague under King Ottokar II of Bohemia. From about 1260, Burgrave Jaroslav of Hruštice (1234–1269) had Waldštejn Castle erected. His son Zdeněk was the first documented "Lord of Waldštejn"; allegedly he accompanied King Ottokar II on his Prussian crusade. Upon h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts, or more broadly the Acts of Trade and Navigation, were a long series of English laws that developed, promoted, and regulated English ships, shipping, trade, and commerce between other countries and with its own colonies. The laws also regulated England's fisheries and restricted foreigners' participation in its colonial trade. While based on earlier precedents, they were first enacted in 1651 under the Commonwealth. The system was reenacted and broadened with the Restoration by the Act of 1660, and further developed and tightened by the Navigation Acts of 1663, 1673, and 1696. Upon this basis during the 18th century, the Acts were modified by subsequent amendments, changes, and the addition of enforcement mechanisms and staff. Additionally, a major change in the very purpose of the Acts in the 1760s – that of generating a colonial revenue, rather than only regulating the Empire's trade – would help lead to major rebellions, and significant changes in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
