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Merkuriusz Polski
''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny'' (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spelling: ''Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny''; full title: ''Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający, dla informacji pospolitej'': The Polish Mercury, Encompassing All the World's Affairs, for the Common Knowledge) was the first Polish newspaper (actually, a weekly), published from 1661, first in Kraków, then in Warsaw.''Encyklopedia Polski'', p.404. Though short-lived, it gave its name to several later newspapers, notably the '' Merkuriusz Polski'' published in London, 1955–58. History ''Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny'' first came out in Kraków on 3 January 1661. Sponsored by the court of King John II Casimir of Poland and his consort Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga, the newspaper was a weekly devoted chiefly to contemporary politics, European dynastic affairs, and monarchs' military campaigns. With regard to internal affairs, it promoted political reforms and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being the official language of Poland, it is also used by the Polish diaspora. There are over 50 million Polish speakers around the world. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of linguistic phenomena: One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a ... and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (''ą'', ''ć'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łukasz Opaliński (1612–1666)
Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński ( la, Luca Opalinius; 1612–1666) was a Polish nobleman, poet, political activist and one of the most important Polish political writers of the 17th century. He was Lord Starost Pobiedziński since 1631, Podkomorzy of Kalisz 1638-1640 and Podkomorzy of Poznań since 1640. He was Court Marshal of the Crown since 1650. He also served as Marshal of the regular Sejm from March 10 to May 1, 1638, in Warsaw. He was the brother of Krzysztof Opaliński. Opaliński was educated at the Lubrański Academy in Poznań, and also at the University of Leuven, the University of Orléans, the University of Strasbourg and the University of Padua. Marriage with Izabela Tęczyńska in 1639 allowed him to inherit the significant estates of the Tęczyński family. Bibliophile himself, just like his brother, he expanded the library inherited from Izabela's uncle, Jan Tęczyński. His library was reckoned to be one of the largest private book collections in Europe a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Media In Kraków
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1661 Establishments In The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British nobility title is created. * January 30 – The body of Oliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution in London, along with those of John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton. * February 5 – The Shunzhi Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son the Kangxi Emperor. * February 7 – Shah Shuja, who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother Aurangzeb, then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at Arakan. * February 14 – George Monck’s regiment becomes ''The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards'' in England (which later becomes the Coldstream Guards). * March 9 – Following the death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1661 Disestablishments
Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British nobility title is created. * January 30 – The body of Oliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution in London, along with those of John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton. * February 5 – The Shunzhi Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son the Kangxi Emperor. * February 7 – Shah Shuja, who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother Aurangzeb, then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at Arakan. * February 14 – George Monck’s regiment becomes ''The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards'' in England (which later becomes the Coldstream Guards). * March 9 – Following the death of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publications Established In 1661
To publish is to make content available to the general public.Berne Convention, article 3(3) URL last accessed 2010-05-10.Universal Copyright Convention, Geneva text (1952), article VI . URL last accessed 2010-05-10. While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content, including paper ( |
Polish-language Newspapers
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being the official language of Poland, it is also used by the Polish diaspora. There are over 50 million Polish speakers around the world. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects and maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (''ą'', ''ć'', ''ę'', ''ł'', ''ń'', ''ó'', ''ś'', ''ź'', ''ż'') to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet, although they are not used in native words. The traditional set com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. Adam Bromberg Adam Bromberg (12 March 1912 at Lublin, then Russian Empire – 23 March 1993 at Stockholm, Sweden) was a Polish publisher. He studied foreign trade in Vienna, and was a member of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine. In 1934, he was arreste ..., who was the enterprise's director between 1953 and 1965, made it into communist Poland's largest publishing house. The printing house is best known as a publisher of encyclopedias, dictionaries and university handbooks. It is the leading Polish provider of scientific, educational and professional literature as well as works of reference. It authored the Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, by then the largest Polish encyclopedia, as well as its successor, the W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Scientific Publishers PWN
Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. Adam Bromberg, who was the enterprise's director between 1953 and 1965, made it into communist Poland's largest publishing house. The printing house is best known as a publisher of encyclopedias, dictionaries and university handbooks. It is the leading Polish provider of scientific, educational and professional literature as well as works of reference. It authored the Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, by then the largest Polish encyclopedia, as well as its successor, the Wielka Encyklopedia PWN, which was published between 2001 and 2005. There is also an online PWN encyclopedia – Internetowa encyklopedia PWN. Initially state-owned, since 1991 it has been a private company. The company is a member of International Associ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monitor (Polish Newspaper)
The ''Monitor'' was one of the first newspapers in Poland, printed from 1765 to 1785, during the Polish Enlightenment. It was founded in March 1765 by Ignacy Krasicki and Franciszek Bohomolec, with active support from King Stanisław August Poniatowski. It came out weekly, later semi-weekly. Its title was a tribute to the "small" Monitor published by Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski. Inspired by the English '' Spectator'' and the spirit of rationalism and religious tolerance, ''Monitor'' has contributed to a negative view of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Wettin dynasty. The ''Monitor'' advocated reforms and criticized a degenerate Sarmatian culture and the abuses of "Golden Liberty." Editors: * Franciszek Bohomolec * Ignacy Krasicki * Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolofbr> See also * ''Gazeta Narodowa i Obca'' * ''Gazeta Warszawska'' * ''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny ''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny'' (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercurius Caledonius
The ''Mercurius Caledonius - Comprising The Affairs now in Agitation in Scotland With A Survey of Forraign Intelligence'' was arguably Scotland's first newspaper. It was founded in Edinburgh in 1660 by the playwright Thomas Sydserf, the son of the Bishop of Galloway. It contained domestic news such as reports of parliamentary debates, reports from abroad and reprints of news from London newspapers. Twelve editions were published between 1660 and 1661, the first having the date "From Monday Decemb. 21 to Tuesday, Jan. 8th, 1661". According to Francis Groome, ''Mercurius Caledonius'' was preceded by ''The Scots Intelligencer'' (1643, AKA ''The Kingdom's Intelligencer'') and ''Mercurius Publicus'' (1652). See also *''Caledonian Mercury The ''Caledonian Mercury'' was a Scottish newspaper, published three times a week between 1720 and 1867. In 2010 an online publication launched using the name. 17th century A short-lived predecessor, the '' Mercurius Caledonius'', published f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercurius Aulicus
''Mercurius Aulicus'' was one of the "most important early newspapers" in England, famous during the English Civil War for its role in Royalist propaganda. Creation The ''Mercurius Aulicus'' newspaper originated during the English Civil War from a suggestion by George Digby, a key advisor to King Charles I, that the Royalist faction needed a method for promoting their views in Parliament-held London. As a result, the publication was established in January 1643 - it is variously termed either a newspaper or a newsbook - the latter being an alternative term for this form of weekly news publication in a quarto format. John Birkenhead, a Fellow of All Souls College in Oxford, was appointed editor of the newspaper, receiving updates on events around the country from Digby's contacts, although his colleague Peter Heylin appears to have done much of the practical editing himself. The ''Mercurius Aulicus'' was printed in Oxford, which was at this time during the war the Royalist capita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
