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Melek Tourhan
Melek Hassan Tourhan () (27 October 1869 – 4 February 1956) was the second wife of Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt. After her husband ascended the throne in 1914, she became known as Sultana Melek (). Early life Born in Istanbul in 1869, Melek was a Circassian. However, unlike many Circassians in the Ottoman era, she was not a slave. Emine Foat Tugay, whose mother Princess Nimet Mouhtar was a friend of Melek, described her as "a pocket Venus, tiny but perfectly proportioned, a pretty, lively brunette, with great charm." Tugay states in her family memoirs that "as a child elekwas delicate and was often sent to spend a fortnight with Neshedil Qadin ife of Khedive Isma'il and mother of Princess Nimetin the salubrious air of Zaaferan." Melek's father Hasan Tourhan Pasha was a captain in the Ottoman Navy. When Melek was still an infant, he offered her for adoption in order to improve her lot in life. Melek was adopted by Jeshm Afet Hanim, the third wife of Khedive Isma'il Pasha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultana (title)
Sultana or sultanah (; ar, سلطانة ') is a female royal title, and the feminine form of the word sultan. This term has been officially used for female monarchs in some Islamic states, and historically it was also used for sultan's consorts. Nomenclature The term ''sultana'' is the feminine form of the word sultan ( ar, سلطان), an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, sultan came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms, albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. Usage Ruling sultana Some Muslim female monarchs chose to adopt the title of Sultana/Sultanah when they ascended to the throne. Africa In Comoros, there have been several ruling sultanas. Shajar al-Durr became the ruling sultana of Egypt on May 1250. South Asia Razia Sulta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians
The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire in the 19th century during the Russo-Circassian War, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland in Circassia to modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East, where the majority of them are concentrated today. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated in the early 1990s that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The Circassian language is the ancestral language of the Circassian people, and Islam has been the dominant religion among them since the 17th century. Circassia has been subject to repeated invasions since ancient times; its isolated terrain coupled wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ham05
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking."Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39. As a processed meat, the term "ham" includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed. Ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties, such as Westphalian ham and some varieties of Spanish ''jamón''. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection, such as prosciutto di Parma in Europe, and Smithfield ham in the US. History The preserving of pork leg as ham has a long history, with traces of production of cured ham among the Etruscan civilization known in the 6th and 5th century BC. Cato the Elder wrote about the "salting of hams" in his ' tome around 160 BC. There are claims that the Chinese were the first people to mention the production of cured ham. ' claims an origin from Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mos06
MOS or Mos may refer to: Technology * MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor * Mathematical Optimization Society * Model output statistics, a weather-forecasting technique * MOS (filmmaking), term for a scene that is "motor only sync" or "motor only shot", or jokingly, “mit out sound” * Mobile operating system, operating systems for mobile devices Computing * Acorn MOS, an operating system used in the Acorn BBC computer range * Media Object Server, a protocol used in newsroom computer systems * Mean opinion score, a measure of the perceived quality of a signal * MOS (operating system), a Soviet Unix clone * My Oracle Support, a support site for the users of Oracle Corporation products, known until October 2010 as "MetaLink" *macOS, an operating system for Macs Government and military * Master of the Sword, the title for the head of physical education at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point * Member of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isma'il Pasha
Isma'il Pasha ( ar, إسماعيل باشا ; 12 January 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and conqueror of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanization, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa. His philosophy can be glimpsed in a statement that he made in 1879: "My country is not longer only in Africa; we are now part of Europe, too. It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions". In 1867 he also secured Ottoman and international recognition for his title of '' Khedive'' (Viceroy) in preference to '' Wāli'' (Governor) which was previously used by his predecessors in the Eyalet of Egypt and Sudan (1517–1867). However, Isma'il's policies placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedive
Khedive (, ota, خدیو, hıdiv; ar, خديوي, khudaywī) was an honorific title of Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, but most famously for the viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914.Adam Mestyan"Khedive" ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three'' (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 2:70–71. It is attested in Persian poetry from the 10th century and was used as an Ottoman honorific from the 16th. It was borrowed into Turkish directly from Persian. It was first used in Egypt, without official recognition, by Muhammad Ali Pasha, the ethnically Albanian governor of Egypt and Sudan from 1805 to 1848. The initially self-declared title was officially recognized by the Ottoman government in 1867, and used subsequently by Ismail Pasha, and his dynastic successors until 1914. The term entered Arabic in Egypt in the 1850s. Etymology This title is recorded in English since 1867, borrowed from French , in turn from Ottoman Turkish , from Classical Persian (" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Has00
HAS or Has may refer to: Organizations * Hawaii Audubon Society, bird conservation organization in Hawaii * Hellenic Actuarial Society, association of actuaries in Greece * Hubbard Association of Scientologists International, corporation founded in 1954 by L. Ron Hubbard * Hungarian Academy of Sciences, learned society of Hungary People * Wojciech Has (1925–2000), Polish film director, screenwriter and film producer Places * Has District, a district in Kukës County, Albania * Has (municipality), a municipality in Kukës County, Albania * Has (region), a region in Albania and Kosovo * Has, Novi Travnik, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina Transportation * Ha'il Regional Airport, the IATA code for the airport in Saudi Arabia * Hageland Aviation Services, a regional airline in Anchorage, Alaska * Hardened aircraft shelters, a reinforced hangar to house and protect military aircraft * Hastings (Amtrak station), Nebraska, Amtrak station code HAS * Hokkaido Air System, an air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infant
An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings. ''Infant'' (from the Latin word ''infans'', meaning 'unable to speak' or 'speechless') is a formal or specialised synonym for the common term ''baby''. The terms may also be used to refer to juveniles of other organisms. A newborn is, in colloquial use, an infant who is only hours, days, or up to one month old. In medical contexts, a newborn or neonate (from Latin, ''neonatus'', newborn) is an infant in the first 28 days after birth; the term applies to premature, full term, and postmature infants. Before birth, the offspring is called a fetus. The term ''infant'' is typically applied to very young children under one year of age; however, definitions may vary and may include children up to two years of age. When a human child learns to walk, they are called a toddler instead. Other uses In British English, an ''infant school'' is for children aged between four and seven. As a legal term, ''infancy'' is more lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captain (naval)
Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships. The rank is equal to the army rank of colonel and air force rank of group captain. Equivalent ranks worldwide include ship-of-the-line captain (e.g. France, Argentina, Spain), captain of sea and war (e.g. Brazil, Portugal), captain at sea (e.g. Germany, Netherlands) and " captain of the first rank" (Russia). The NATO rank code is OF-5, although the United States of America uses the code O-6 for the equivalent rank (as it does for all OF-5 ranks). Four of the uniformed services of the United States — the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps — use the rank. Etiquette Any naval officer who commands a ship is addressed by naval custom as "captain" while aboard in command, regardless of their actual rank, even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saffron Palace
The Saffron Palace ( ar, قصر الزعفران) is located in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, near Abbassia at Khalifa Maʽmon Road. Now it is inside the main campus of the Ain Shams University. History The Saffron Palace was an Egyptian royal palace. Farouk of Egypt is said to have been born in it. The three-storey palace, designed by the French-educated Egyptian architect Moghri bey Saad, was built during the regime of Isma'il Pasha. It received its name from the saffron plantations which then existed around the palace. The palace held the administration offices of the Egyptian University at the establishment of the university in 1925. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs also lodged important visitors at the palace. The Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 was signed in the palace and, in March of 1945, the Arab League was founded there.Philip W. Ireland: ''The Pact of the League of Arab States'', The American Journal of International Law Vol. 39, No. 4 (Oct., 1945), pp. 797-80JSTOR/re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neshedil Qadin
Neshedil Qadin (, ; 1857 – 30 January 1924; meaning "Gay-Hearted", "Joy of Soul") was a consort to Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt. Early life Born in 1857 in Caucasus, Neshedil was a Circassian, whose early childhood had been spent in the mountains. Disaster overtook the clan when Neshedil was aged seven. She along with her brother were captured during the raid and were sold to a slave dealer. He took them to Istanbul, where they were separated, and she never again saw or heard of her brother. She herself was brought by the wife of a pasha, who educated her according to the custom of the time. The child was kindly treated, received careful religious instruction, and was taught to read but not to write, as the latter accomplishment might have been an inducement to her pen love letters. She also became an accomplished needlewoman and learned to make the finest lace, oya, and embroidery. Life with the Khedive At fifteen she was sold to the Khedive Ismail and went to Egypt. Togeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
