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Mega Spilaio
Mega Spilaio (), formally the Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos (Ιερά Μονή Κοιμήσεως της Θεοτόκου), is a Greek Orthodox monastery near Kalavryta, in the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. History The monastery is located in a large cave in a sheer cliff, where the western slopes of Mount Chelmos drop down to the gorge of the Vouraikos river, some northwest of the town of Kalavryta. The cave was known in antiquity, and the geographer Pausanias reports that the daughters of Proetus found refuge there during their madness. In the first Christian centuries, Christian hermits occupied the cave. According to tradition, the monastery is one of the oldest in Greece, reputedly founded in 362 by the Thessalonian brothers Symeon and Theodore, who with the help of Euphrosyne (a local shepherdess, honoured as saint for her part in these events) discovered in the cave the icon of the Theotokos painted by Luke the Evangelist. Its medieval history u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishopric Of Athens
The Archbishopric of Athens ( el, Ιερά Αρχιεπισκοπή Αθηνών) is a Greek Orthodox archiepiscopal see based in the city of Athens, Greece. It is the senior see of Greece, and the seat of the autocephalous Church of Greece. Its incumbent (since 2008) is Ieronymos II of Athens. As the head of the Church of Greece, the holder is styled Archbishop of Athens and All Greece (Αρχιεπίσκοπος Αθηνών και πάσης Ελλάδος). History As with most of Greece, the Church of Athens was established by St. Paul during his second missionary journey, when he preached at the Areopagus, probably in 50 or 51 AD. According to the ''Acts of the Apostles'' (17:16–34), after the sermon, a number of people became followers of Paul, thus forming the kernel of the Church in Athens. Dionysius the Areopagite was the first Bishop of Athens. With the Christianization of the Roman Empire and the establishment of a regular Church hierarchy, Athens became a suffra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Archbishopric Of Patras
The Latin Archbishopric of Patras is the see of Patras in the period in which its incumbents belonged to the Latin or Western Church. This period began in 1205 with the installation in the see of a Catholic archbishop following the Fourth Crusade. The Latin archbishop was the senior-most of the seven ecclesiastic barons of the Principality of Achaea, which comprised the entire Peloponnese. From the late 13th century, the archbishops also purchased the secular Barony of Patras from its holders, becoming the most important vassals of the entire principality. It had five suffragans, Andravida, Amyclae, Modon, Coron, and Cephalonia-Zante. The archbishopric survived as a Latin residential see until 1430, when the city of Patras fell to the Byzantine Greeks of the Despotate of the Morea. From 1475 on, Latin archbishops continued to be appointed, but for them the bishopric was only a titular see. It continues to be included in the Catholic Church's list of such sees, but since the Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Orthodox Monasteries In Greece
Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek. **Mycenaean Greek, most ancient attested form of the language (16th to 11th centuries BC). **Ancient Greek, forms of the language used c. 1000–330 BC. **Koine Greek, common form of Greek spoken and written during Classical antiquity. **Medieval Greek or Byzantine Language, language used between the Middle Ages and the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. **Modern Greek, varieties spoken in the modern era (from 1453 AD). *Greek alphabet, script used to write the Greek language. *Greek Orthodox Church, several Churches of the Eastern Orthodox Church. *Ancient Greece, the ancient civilization before the end of Antiquity. *Old Greek, the language as spoken from Late Antiquity to around 1500 AD. Other uses * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Monasteries Established In The 4th Century
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term ''mashiach'' (מָשִׁיחַ) (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It does not have a meaning of 'of Christ' or 'related or pertaining to Christ'. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ktetor
''Ktetor'' ( el, κτήτωρ) or ''ktitor'' (; ka, ქტიტორი ''kt’it’ori''; ro, ctitor), meaning "founder", is a title given in the Middle Ages to the provider of funds for construction or reconstruction of an Eastern Orthodox church or monastery, for the addition of icons, frescos, and other works of art. It was used in the Byzantine sphere. A Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ... equivalent of the term is "donator". At the time of founding, the ktetor often issued typika, and was illustrated on frescoes ("ktetor portrait"). The female form is ''ktetorissa'' ( el, κτητόρισσα) or ''ktitoritsa'' (). Sources * * History of Eastern Orthodoxy Philanthropy Byzantine culture Greek words and phrases {{Orthodoxy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October 18 (Eastern Orthodox Liturgics)
October 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), October 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), October 19 All fixed Synaxarium, commemorations below celebrated on October 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Julian Calendar, Old Calendar. For October 18th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics), October 5. Saints * Holy Seventy apostles, Apostle and Four Evangelists, Evangelist Luke the Evangelist, Luke (1st century)October 18/31 Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). Συναξαριστής. 18 Οκτωβρίου '' ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
September 14 (Eastern Orthodox Liturgics)
September 13 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 15 All fixed commemorations below celebrated on ''September 27'' by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For September 14th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on ''September 1''. Feasts * ''The Universal Exaltation of the Precious and Life-giving Cross''.September 14/September 27 Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). Συναξαριστής. 14 Σεπτεμβρίου '' ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dormition
The Dormition of the Mother of God is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches (except the East Syriac churches). It celebrates the "falling asleep" (death) of Mary the ''Theotokos'' ("Mother of God", literally translated as ''God-bearer''), and her being taken up into heaven (bodily assumption). It is celebrated on 15 August (28 August N.S. in the Julian Calendar) as the Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the Dormition not on a fixed date, but on the Sunday nearest 15 August. In Western Churches the corresponding feast is known as the Assumption of Mary, with the exception of the Scottish Episcopal Church, which has traditionally celebrated the Falling Asleep of the Blessed Virgin Mary on 15 August. Christian canonical scriptures do not record the death or Dormition of Mary. Hippolytus of Thebes, a 7th- or 8th-century author, writes in his partially preserved chronology of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August 15 (Eastern Orthodox Liturgics)
August 14 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 16 All fixed commemorations below are observed on ''August 28'' by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar. For August 15, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the saints listed on '' August 2''. Feasts * ''The Dormition of Our Most Holy Lady the Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary''.August 15 / August 28 Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU). Pre-Schism Western saints * Martyr , at Rome, seized by a heathen mob and preferred to die rather than expose the sacred mysteries to profanation (c. 253–260)[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre Of Kalavryta
The Kalavryta massacre ( el, Σφαγή των Καλαβρύτων), or the Holocaust of Kalavryta (), was the near-extermination of the male population and the total destruction of the town of Kalavryta, Axis-occupied Greece, by the 117th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht) during World War II, on 13 December 1943. History In early December 1943, the German Army's 117th Jäger Division began a mission named ''Unternehmen Kalavryta'' (Operation Kalavryta), intending to encircle Greek Resistance guerilla fighters in the mountainous area surrounding Kalavryta. During the operation, 78 German soldiers, who had been taken prisoner by the guerrillas in October, were executed by their captors. In response, the commander of the German division, General Karl von Le Suire personally ordered the "severest measures" – the killing of the male population of Kalavryta – on 10 December 1943. Operation Kalavryta was mounted from six cities: Patras, Aigion, and Corinth on the Gulf of Cori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reprisals
A reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of international law to punish another sovereign state that has already broken them. Since the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP 1), reprisals in the laws of war are extremely limited, as they commonly breach the rights of non-combatants. Etymology The word came from French, where it originally meant "act of taking back", for example, raiding back the equivalent of cattle lost to an enemy raid. International law Reprisals refer to acts which are illegal if taken alone, but become legal when adopted by one state in retaliation for the commission of an earlier illegal act by another state. Counter-reprisals are generally not allowed. World War I 1914 Portugal-Germany dispute An example of reprisal is the Naulila dispute between Portugal and Germany in October 1914, when they were on opposite sides of the World War I chasm. After three Germans were mistakenly killed in Naulila on the border of the then-Portugue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
117th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)
117th Jäger Division was a German infantry division of World War II. The division was formed in April 1943 by the reorganization and redesignation of the 717th Infantry Division. The 717th Division had been formed in April 1941. It was transferred to Yugoslavia in May 1941, to conduct anti partisan and Internal security operations. It was then posted to Greece to guard the Peloponnesus until summer 1944, when it took part in the general withdrawal through the Balkans and suffered heavy losses during fighting with the partisans in September. The division ended the war fighting on the Eastern front and surrendered to the US Army in Austria in May 1945. Background The main purpose of the German '' jäger'' divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller, coordinated formations were more facilely combat capable than the brute force offered by the standard infantry divisions. The ''jäger'' divisions were more heavily equipped than mountain division, but not as well armed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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