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Martin Sommerfeld
Martin Sommerfeld (May 2, 1894 – July 26, 1939) was a Jewish emigre from Nazi Germany to the U.S. who was a professor at the University of Frankfurt and subsequently at Columbia University, the City College of New York, Smith College, and Middlebury College, where he taught German language and literature. He authored and edited a number of volumes on German literature from the 16th to the 20th centuries, and he wrote numerous contributions to the four-volume ''Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturgeschichte'' (1925–31). Biography Martin Sommerfeld was born in Angerburg, East Prussia, to Bertha (née Klein) and Heinrich Sommerfeld, a factory owner. After attending school in Königsberg (Prussia) and Insterburg and passing the Abitur at the Prinz-Heinrichs-Gymnasium in Berlin-Schöneberg, he studied German language and literature as well as English and French literature, art history, philosophy, and medieval and modern history in Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich, where in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Baeck Institute
The Leo Baeck Institute, established in 1955, is an international research institute with centres in New York City, London, and Jerusalem that are devoted to the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry. Baeck was its first international president. The Leo Baeck Medal has been awarded since 1978 to those who have helped preserve the spirit of German-speaking Jewry in culture, academia, politics, and philanthropy. Organizational structure The Leo Baeck Institute is made up of three independent international institutes, as well as two Berlin centres, and two Berlin working groups that are governed by the Leo Baeck Institute International board: * Leo Baeck Institute New York/Berlin * Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem * Leo Baeck Institute London * Berlin centres: ** Leo Baeck Institute New York – Berlin office ** Leo Baeck Institute Archives at the Jewish Museum Berlin * Berlin working groups: ** ''Freunde und Förderer des LBI e.V.'' ** ''Wissenschaftliche Arb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Muncker
Franz Muncker (4 December 1855, in Bayreuth – 7 September 1926, in Munich) was a German literary historian. From 1873 he studied Old German and Romance languages and literature under Konrad Hofmann and modern languages and literature with Michael Bernays at the University of Munich, receiving his doctorate in 1878. In 1890 he was appointed successor to Bernays at Munich, where from 1896 to 1926, he served as a full professor of modern German literary history. Published works From 1886 to 1924 he worked on a 23-volume edition of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's writings and letters; title''Gotthold Ephraim Lessings sämtliche schriften'' His biography of Wagner, ''Richard Wagner : Eine Skizze seines Lebens und Wirkens'' (1891), was translated into English and published a''Richard Wagner; a sketch of his life and works'' Muncker's other principal works are the following: * ''Joufrois : Altfranzösisches rittergedicht'' (with Konrad Hofmann, 1880) – " Joufrois", an old French k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Deaths
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took over as Swi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1894 Births
Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United States. * January 9 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard, in Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census. The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was firs .... * February 12 ** French anarchist Émile Henry (anarchist), Émile Henry sets off a bomb in a Paris café, killing one person and wounding twenty. ** The barque ''Elisabeth Rickmers'' of Bremerhaven is wrecked at Haurvig, Denmark, but all crew and passengers are saved. * February 15 ** In Korea, peasant unrest erupts in the Donghak Peasant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salomon Wininger
Salomon Wininger (; 13 December 1877, Gura Humora, Bukovina – December 1968, in Ramat Gan, Israel) was an Austrian-Jewish biographer. He has been called one of the greatest Jewish biographers of all time. Before World War I, Wininger lived in Chernivtsi and moved to Vienna during the war years, where he decided to write biographies of famous Jews. This idea was pushed in order to counter the self-hating mood of Jewish youth in the city, created under the influence of Otto Weininger's works. After his return to Chernivtsi in 1921, Shlomo Wininger wrote about 13,000 biographies and published them in seven volumes between 1925 and 1936. He survived the time of World War II in Chernivtsi and emigrated in 1951 to Israel. Works * ''Große Jüdische National-Biographie'' ("Lexicon of Jewish National Biographies"). Chernivtsi 1925–1936. * ''Gura Humora: Geschichte einer Kleinstadt in der Südbukovina'' ("Gura Humora: History of a Small Town in South Bukovina"). References * ''E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Authors Banned In Nazi Germany
This list includes both authors whose entire literary production was officially banned in Nazi Germany and authors who were only partially banned. These authors are from the prohibitions lists in Nazi Germany and come from the following lists and others: # List of damaging and undesirable writing, ''Liste des schädlichen und unerwünschten Schrifttums'', December 31, 1938 # ''Jahreslisten 1939-1941''. Unchanged new printing of the Leipzig edition, 1938-1941, Vaduz 1979 The official list was published by the ''Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda''. Authors, living and dead, were placed on the list because of Jewish descent, or because of pacifist or communist and/or Freemasonic sympathies or suspicion thereof. In May and June 1933, in the first year of the Nazi government, there were book burnings. These book bans compose a part of the history of censorship and a subset of the list of banned books. After World War II started, Germans created indexes of prohi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queens College, City University Of New York
Queens College (QC) is a public college in the Queens Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City. It is part of the City University of New York system. Its 80-acre campus is primarily located in Flushing, Queens. It has a student body representing more than 170 countries. Queens College was established in 1937 and offers undergraduate degrees in over 70 majors, graduate studies in over 100 degree programs and certificates, over 40 accelerated master's options, 20 doctoral degrees through the CUNY Graduate Center, and a number of advanced certificate programs. Alumni and faculty of the school, such as Arturo O'Farrill and Jerry Seinfeld, have received over 100 Grammy Award nominations. The college is organized into seven schools: Aaron Copland School of Music, Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, School of Arts & Humanities, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Education, School of Math and Natural Sciences, and School of Social Scienc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law For The Restoration Of The Professional Civil Service
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Hitler Service (german: Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums, shortened to ''Berufsbeamtengesetz''), also known as Civil Service Law, Civil Service Restoration Act, and Law to Re-establish the Civil Service, was a law passed by the Nazi regime of Germany on 7 April 1933, two months after Adolf Hitler had attained power and two weeks after the promulgation of the Enabling Act. It was one of the first anti-Semitic and racist laws to be passed in Germany. Articles of the law Article 1 of the Law claimed that in order to re-establish a "national" and "professional" civil service, members of certain groups of tenured civil servants were to be dismissed. Civil servants who were not of Aryan descent were to retire. Non-Aryans were defined as someone descended from non-Aryans, especially those descended from Jewish parents, or grandparents. Members of the Communist Party, or any related or associated organisation were to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Book Burnings
The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union (, ''DSt'') to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism. These included books written by Jewish, half-Jewish, communist, socialist, anarchist, liberal, pacifist, and sexologist authors among others. The initial books burned were those of Karl Marx and Karl Kautsky, but came to include very many authors, including Albert Einstein, Helen Keller, writers in French and English, and effectively any book incompatible with Nazi ideology. In a campaign of cultural genocide, books were also burned by the Nazis ''en masse'' in occupied territories.Hench, John B. (2010) ''Books As Weapons'', pg. 31. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. Campaign Announcement On April 8, 1933, the Main Office for Press and Propaganda of the German Student Union (DSt) proclaimed a n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Naumann
Hans Naumann (May 13, 1886 – September 25, 1951) was a German literary historian (philologist) and folklorist (''Germanist''). Naumann was the first historian to describe the Ottonian period as a medieval renaissance. Naumann was born in Görlitz and died in Bonn. Being a member of the Nazi Party, Naumann was a strong proponent of the book burning Book burning is the deliberate destruction by fire of books or other written materials, usually carried out in a public context. The burning of books represents an element of censorship and usually proceeds from a cultural, religious, or politi .... __NOTOC__ Literary works * ''Grundzüge der deutschen Volkskunde'', 1922 * ''Deutsche Dichtung der Gegenwart'', 1923 * ''Germanischer Schicksalsglaube'', 1934 Footnotes References * External links * 1886 births 1951 deaths People from Görlitz People from the Province of Silesia Nazi Party members German philologists Germanists Germanic studies scholars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Seidlin
Oskar Seidlin (February 17, 1911 – December 11, 1984) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany who fled first to Switzerland and then to the U.S. He taught German language and literature as a professor at Smith College, Middlebury College, Ohio State University, and Indiana University from 1939 to 1979. He authored a number of fictional and non-fictional works. Early years and education He was born Salo Oskar Koplowitz to Johanna (1885–1943?) and Heinrich Koplowitz (1872–1938), a lumber dealer in Königshütte in the Upper Silesia Basin of Germany (now Chorzów in southwestern Poland) who served for many years as a city council alderman and was an active Zionist and member of the Jewish community. After completing secondary schooling at the humanities-focused ''Realgymnasium'' in Beuthen (now Bytom) in 1929, he enrolled for one semester at the University of Freiburg and then transferred to the recently founded University of Frankfurt, which enjoyed a reputation as Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Plant (writer)
Richard Plant (July 22, 1910 – March 10, 1998) was a gay Jewish emigre from Nazi Germany, first to Switzerland and then to the U.S., who became a professor at the City University of New York, where he taught German language and literature from 1947 to 1973. He authored an opera scenario as well a number of fictional and non-fictional works, notably ''The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals'' (1986). The early years in Frankfurt (1910–1933) Richard Plant was born Richard Plaut in Frankfurt am Main to Meta and Theodor Plaut, a practicing physician who served for many years as a Social Democratic city council alderman. While his parents were religiously non-observant and largely assimilated, his paternal grandfather, Dr. Rudolf Plaut, was a Reform rabbi.Of Sephardic heritage, the Plaut family lived in Hesse for centuries. Plant's paternal grandfatheRuben Plaut(1843–1914), who Germanized his first name to Rudolf, was born in the village of Mackenzell (inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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