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Marsden (New Zealand Electorate)
Marsden was a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District and in the Northland Region of New Zealand, which existed from 1858 to 1972. Upon its abolition, Marsden was replaced with the Whangarei electorate. Population centres The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853, based on the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 that had been passed by the British government. The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates. Marsden was one of those four electorates, and it covered the northern area split off from the electorate. The electorate was mixed urban and rural, around the city of Whangarei. History The electorate existed from 1858 to 1972, and the first election was held on 29 November 1859, which was during the term of the 2nd Parliament. James Farmer was the first repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Electorates
An electorate or electoral district ( mi, rohe pōti) is a geographical constituency used for electing a member () to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same population. Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. In New Zealand's electoral system, 72 of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate members, with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The 72 electorates are made up from 65 general and seven Māori electorates. The number of electorates increases periodically in line with national population growth; the number was increased from 71 to 72 starting at the 2020 general election. Terminology The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats", but technically the term '' seat'' refers to an electe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freehold (law)
In common law jurisdictions such as England and Wales, Australia, Canada, and Ireland, a freehold is the common mode of ownership of real property, or land, and all immovable structures attached to such land. It is in contrast to a leasehold, in which the property reverts to the owner of the land after the lease period expires or otherwise lawfully terminates. For an estate to be a freehold, it must possess two qualities: immobility (property must be land or some interest issuing out of or annexed to land) and ownership of it must be forever ("of an indeterminate duration"). If the time of ownership can be fixed and determined, it cannot be a freehold. It is "An estate in land held in fee simple, fee tail or for term of life." The default position subset is the perpetual freehold, which is "an estate given to a grantee for life, and then successively to the grantee's heirs for life." England and Wales Diversity of freeholds before 1925 In England and Wales, before the Law of Prope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry Colbeck
William Henry Colbeck (1823 – 25 June 1901) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. Life in England Colbeck was born in Batley, Yorkshire in 1823 and was baptised on 20 February. His parents were William Colbeck (1783–1849) and Elizabeth Richardson ( 1785 – 1856). He was involved in the woollen manufacture with his brothers Isaac and Simeon, trading as Cheapside Mill in Batley, and after selling that factory, trading as Colbeck Bros. in Alverthorpe. Life in New Zealand Colbeck emigrated to New Zealand in 1877 to join two of his sons in the Kaipara District. He enlarged the land holding and built a residence. Colbeck was a strong supporter of the construction of the North Auckland Line that would service the Northland Region. He laid out the township of Batley on the Kaipara Harbour as a settlement project, but nothing came of it. He represented the Marsden electorate from to 1881, when he retired. In 1879 there were doubts about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Douglas (New Zealand Politician)
Sir Robert Andrews Mackenzie Douglas, 3rd Baronet (19 July 1837 – 28 February 1884) was a Member of Parliament for Marsden in Northland, New Zealand. Biography Douglas was born in 1837, the eldest son of Sir Robert Andrews Douglas, 2nd Baronet of Douglas of Glenbervie. His grandfather, the 1st Baronet, was Kenneth Douglas, born Kenneth MacKenzie. The 3rd Baronet was educated at first in Jersey and completed his studies in Hampshire. He was gazetted into the 57th Regiment in 1854 and very quickly was on active service in the Crimean War. He was present at the storming of Sebastopol, and the capture of Kinburn, receiving the Crimean medal and clasp, and the Turkish War medal. He next served against the Arabs at Aden, and was present at the capture at Sheikothman. He then took part in the suppression of the Indian mutiny. The 57th were afterwards dispatched to New Zealand, and Sir Robert was present at various skirmishes, and at Nukumaru, receiving the honour of mentio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1875–1876 New Zealand General Election
The 1875–1876 New Zealand general election was held between 20 December 1875 and 29 January 1876 to elect a total of 88 MPs in 73 electorates to the 6th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 4 and 15 January 1876. A total of 56,471 voters were registered. Background Political parties had not been established yet; this only happened after the 1890 election. The previous parliament had 78 representatives from 72 electorates. In October 1875, Parliament passed the Representation Act 1875, and resolved to increase the size of Parliament to 88 representatives through the following changes: * one additional member for City of Dunedin (from two to three) * the single member electorates of Christchurch East and Christchurch West to amalgamate and form the City of Christchurch electorate with three members * one additional member for Timaru ( was formed as a new electorate) * one additional member for Waitaki (from one to two) * one additional member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1860–1861 New Zealand General Election
The 1860–1861 New Zealand general election was held between 12 December 1860 and 28 March 1861 to elect 53 MPs to the third session of the New Zealand Parliament The New Zealand Parliament ( mi, Pāremata Aotearoa) is the unicameral legislature of New Zealand, consisting of the King of New Zealand (King-in-Parliament) and the New Zealand House of Representatives. The King is usually represented by hi .... 13,196 electors were registered. 1860 was the year gold miners who held a Miner’s Right continuously for at least three months were able to vote without having to own, lease or rent property. Results Notes References * {{DEFAULTSORT:1860-1861 New Zealand general election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Supplementary Elections
The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 authorised the General Assembly to establish new electoral districts and to alter the boundaries of, or abolish, existing districts whenever this was deemed necessary. The rapid growth of New Zealand's European population in the early years of representative government (particularly in Otago) meant changes to electoral districts were implemented frequently, both at general elections, and on four occasions as supplementary elections within the lifetime of a parliament. 1859 supplementary election The Electoral Districts Act 1858 established four new electorates; Marsden and Wairarapa in the North Island, and Cheviot and Wallace in the South Island. Elections were held from 7 November to 18 December 1859 during the term of the 2nd New Zealand Parliament and required redrawing of the electoral boundaries of Bay of Islands, Northern Division, Wairarapa and Hawkes Bay (renamed as County of Hawke), Wairau, Christchurch Country and Dunedin Count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party ( mi, Rōpū Reipa o Aotearoa), or simply Labour (), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers describe Labour as social-democratic and pragmatic in practice. The party participates in the international Progressive Alliance. It is one of two major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the National Party. The New Zealand Labour Party formed in 1916 out of various socialist parties and trade unions. It is the country's oldest political party still in existence. Alongside the National Party, Labour has alternated in leading governments of New Zealand since the 1930s. , there have been six periods of Labour government under ten Labour prime ministers. The party has traditionally been supported by working class, urban, Māori, Pasifika, immigrant and trade unionist New Zealanders, and has had strongholds in i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Barclay (politician)
James Gillespie Barclay (24 June 1882 – 5 October 1972) was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party. Biography Early life Barclay was born in Pigeon Bay on Banks Peninsula. His father was Morrison Barclay. He married Helen Betrice in 1907, but was a widower by the time he joined the army. Before World War I, he was a farmer and lived in the Christchurch suburb of Riccarton. He served with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force from 1916 to 1919. He then bought a property in Pukehuia, Northland, where he owned near the Wairoa River. He sold his farm in 1931 and retired to Whangarei. He served on several local boards in Northland. Political career Barclay unsuccessfully stood against the Prime Minister, Gordon Coates, in the electorate in the . In the , he unsuccessfully challenged the incumbent in the electorate in Northland, Alfred Murdoch. He beat Murdoch in the , but was defeated in turn by Murdoch after two parliamentary terms in 1943. He was a cabinet minis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Jones (New Zealand Politician)
William Jones (1868–1953) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand. He won the Northland electorate of Marsden in the 1925 general election, defeating Alfred Murdoch, but was defeated by Murdoch in the next general election in 1928. In the 1946 New Year Honours Jones was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his services as mayor of Whangarei The Mayor of Whangarei is the directly elected head of the Whangarei District Council, the local government authority for the Whangarei District in New Zealand, which it controls as a territorial authority. The position has existed since 27 Oc ... and chairman of the Provincial Patriotic Council in that region. References 1868 births 1953 deaths Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs Unsuccessful candidates in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Mander
Francis Mander (1849 – 27 August 1942) was a member of parliament in New Zealand, first as an Independent Conservative and then, from 1909, as a Reform Party member. He won the Marsden electorate in Northland in the 1902 general election, and held it until 1922, when he retired. He was appointed to the Legislative Council in 1923, and served on it to 1930. In business he was a pioneer sawmiller and owner of ''The Northern Chronicle'' newspaper, based in Whangarei. He then purchased a popular newspaper, ''The Northern Advocate'', and closed the ''Chronicle''. He was the father of the notable New Zealand novelist and journalist, Jane Mander, and a descendant of the Mander family of Midland England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b .... References * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party. It was in government between 1912 and 1928, and later formed a coalition with the United Party (a remnant of the Liberals), and then merged with United to form the modern National Party. Foundation The Liberal Party, founded by John Ballance and fortified by Richard Seddon, was highly dominant in New Zealand politics at the beginning of the 20th century. The conservative opposition, consisting only of independents, was disorganised and demoralised. It had no cohesive plan to counter the Liberal Party's dominance, and could not always agree on a single leader — it was described by one historian as resembling a disparate band of guerrillas, and presented no credible threat to continued Liberal Party rule. Gradually, however, the Liberals began to falter — the first blow came with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
