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Marquisate Of Bodonitsa
The margraviate or marquisate of Bodonitsa (also Vodonitsa or Boudonitza; el, Μαρκιωνία/Μαρκιζᾶτον τῆς Βοδονίτσας), today Mendenitsa, Phthiotis (180 km northwest of Athens), was a Frankish state in Greece following the conquests of the Fourth Crusade. It was originally granted as a margravial holding of Guy Pallavicini by Boniface, first king of Thessalonica, in 1204. Its original purpose was to guard the pass of Thermopylae. The marquisate survived the fall of Thessalonica after the death of Boniface, but it was made subservient to the Principality of Achaea in 1248. The marquisate further survived the coming of the Catalan Company in 1311, but it fell to two Venetian families in quick succession: Cornaro (till 1335) and the Zorzi. Among the eighteen Catalan vassals of the area in 1380-1 the Margrave of Bodonitsa ranks third below Count Demitre and the Count of Salona. The Zorzi ruled the marquisate until the Ottoman Turks conquered it in 141 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendenitsa
Mendenitsa ( el, Μενδενίτσα), in the Middle Ages known as Mountonitsa (Μουντονίτσα) and Bodonitsa or Vodonitsa (Βοδονίτσα), is a village in Phthiotis, Greece. Along with the nearby village of Karavidia, it forms a community in the municipal unit of Molos. History The village is located on the northern slopes of Mount Kallidromon, some 6 km southeast of Thermopylae. The early history of the settlement is obscure; it was likely a Slavs, Slavic settlement of the middle Byzantine period. Mendenitsa only appears in the sources during the late Middle Ages, as the seat of the Marquisate of Bodonitsa, a Frankokratia, Frankish Crusader state established in 1204 to guard the strategic pass of Thermopylae, that connected northern and southern Greece. Its first ruler, Guido Pallavicini, also built the castle, possibly located on the site of an ancient acropolis, often identified with that of the city of Pharygai. The ''Chronicle of the Morea'' reports that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name, ''Osmanlı'' ("Osman" became altered in some European languages as "Ottoman"), from the house of Osman I (reigned 1299–1326), the founder of the House of Osman, the ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire for its entire 624 years. Expanding from its base in Söğüt, the Ottoman principality began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians. Crossing into Europe from the 1350s, coming to dominate the Mediterranean Sea and, in 1453, invading Constantinople (the capital city of the Byzantine Empire), the Ottoman Turks blocked all major land routes between Asia and Europe. Western Europeans had to find other ways to trade with the East. Brief history The "Ottomans" first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Zorzi
Francis Zorzi (or Giorgi) ( it, Francesco) (1337–1388), called Marchesotto, was a member of the Venetian Zorzi family and the Marquess of Bodonitsa in Central Greece from 1345 to his death. Francis was the son of Guglielma Pallavicini and her husband Nicholas, the first Zorzi lord of Bodonitsa. His parents were embroiled in a dispute when Nicholas died in 1354 and Guglielma raised Francis to co-rule with her. The Republic of Venice was pleased that one of its own was again ruling Bodonitsa and happily negotiated for Francis and his mother with the Catalan Duchy of Athens. Francis was a vassal of the Duke of Athens, to whom he was obligated to send an annual of tribute of four armed horses. Francis tried to maintain his independence from the Catalan vicar general of Athens and resisted the attempts of Peter IV of Aragon to establish his authority in Greece. He also supported Maria of Sicily against Peter for the Trinacrian throne. Indeed, through inheritance and "mercantile vent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas I Zorzi
Nicholas I Zorzi (or Giorgi) ( it, Niccolò Zorzi; died 1354) was a Marquess of Bodonitsa, and the first member of the Zorzi family of Venice to hold the post, from 1335 to his death. In 1335, he married Guglielma Pallavicini, heiress of Bodonitsa and widow of Bartolommeo Zaccaria. Though Nicholas was on good terms with Catalan Company then ruling the Duchy of Athens, he objected to the annual tribute of four destriers. Though he held the margraviate until his death and his descendants continued to rule it until the Ottoman conquest, his wife "tired of him" according to Setton. He left three sons, Francis, James, and Nicholas Nicholas is a male given name and a surname. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Anglicanism, Anglican Churches celebrate Saint Nicholas every year on December 6, which is the name day for "Nicholas". In Greece, the n ..., each of whom ruled the margraviate at some point or other. Sources *Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartolommeo Zaccaria
Bartolomeo (or Bartolommeo) Zaccaria (died 1334) was the first husband of Guglielma Pallavicini (married 1327) and thus Marquess of Bodonitsa in her right. He also carried the title Lord of Damala during his lifetime. As the eldest son of Martino Zaccaria, born into the Genoese Zaccaria family which ruled Chios, Bartolomeo was a fitting match for the highborn Frankish heiress, who co-ruled with her mother, Maria dalle Carceri, and stepfather, Andrea Cornaro. As a youth, he was forced to help raise a ransom for his captured father. During a Catalan invasion, Bartolomeo was captured and carted off to a Sicilian prison. Only by the beseeching of Pope John XXII was he released. He was still young when he died, though he left a daughter named Marulla. Sources * 1334 deaths Christians of the Crusades Bartolomeo Bartolomeo or Bartolommeo is a masculine Italian given name, the Italian equivalent of Bartholomew. Its diminutive form is Baccio. Notable people with the name incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guglielma Pallavicini
Guglielma Pallavicini (rarely ''Wilhelmina''; died 1358), the Lady of Thermopylae, was the last Pallavicino heir to rule in Bodonitsa. She ruled as Margrave of Bodonitza in 1311 – 1358. She was an infant when she succeeded her father Albert in 1311. She shared the margraviate with her mother Maria dalle Carceri and later with her stepfather Andrea Cornaro and her own husband Bartolomeo Zaccaria. Life The succession of all Latin fiefs in Greece was regulated at the time of Albert's death by the '' Book of the Customs of the Empire of Romania''. By custom, the inheritance was split between the widow and daughter. Maria soon remarried to Andrea in order to protect the margraviate from Catalan incursions. In 1327, Guglielma married the Genoese Zaccaria, who had been captured while repelling, alongside Andrea Cornaro, an invasion of Alfonso Fadrique of Athens. In 1334, Bartolomeo died and Guglielma married Niccolò Zorzi, a Venetian. This marriage was especially important aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea Cornaro, Marquess Of Bodonitsa
Andrea Cornaro (died 1323) of the House of Cornaro, was a Venetian citizen from Crete, and baron of Scarpanto. He was the husband of Maria dalle Carceri, heiress of a sixth of Euboea and widow of Albert Pallavicini, and co-governed her half of the marquisate of Bodonitsa until his death. After Albert Pallavicini's death in 1311, Bodonitsa was divided between his wife Maria and his daughter Guglielma. The latter married Bartolomeo Zaccaria. Cornaro was sought out by Maria in order to defend her and her daughter's rights to Bodonitsa in light of the recent Battle of Halmyros, which had completely upended the political structure of Frankish Greece. He married Maria in 1312. Cornaro tended to reside in Euboea. He had to weather an invasion by the Catalan Company and the Duchy of Athens under Alfonso Fadrique. During that war, Bartolomeo was captured and carted off to a Sicilian prison. In 1319, Cornaro, with Venice, made a treaty with the Catalans. He was constrained to pay an an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Dalle Carceri
Maria dalle Carceri (died 1323) was sovereign marchioness of Bodonitsa from 1311 until 1323. She succeeded her late spouse Albert Pallavicini on his death in 1311. While she avoided submitting her principality to the Catalan Company, she could not avoid paying an annual tribute of four destriers. Maria was descended from a Lombard family of Verona that had come to Greece on the Fourth Crusade. She was a daughter of Gaetano dalle Carceri and heiress of a sixth of Euboea. She married Albert and their daughter Guglielma split the inheritance with her. Considering the recent Catalan victory at Halmyros, Maria desired to marry again quickly to a man who would protect hers and her daughter's possessions. She married Andrea Cornaro and Guglielma inherited the whole marquisate on his death. Sources * *Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) ''A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries''. Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Pallavicini
Albert Pallavicini ( it, Alberto Pallavicini) was the fifth marquess of Bodonitsa from his father's death until his own in 1311. His father was Thomas, a great-nephew of the first marquess, Guy. Albert married Maria dalle Carceri, a Venetian noblewoman from Euboea. He even obtained a sixth of that island. He was a loyal vassal of the princes of Achaea. In 1305, he was summoned by his lord Philip of Savoy to a tournament and parliament on the Isthmus of Corinth. In 1307, he obeyed the similar summons of Philip I of Taranto. On 15 March 1311, he followed Walter V of Brienne into the Battle of the Cephissus, but did not emerge alive. By the ''Assizes of Romania'', his fief was inherited by his widow and his daughter, Guglielma. Sources * * 13th-century births 1311 deaths 14th-century rulers in Europe 14th-century Italian nobility Christians of the Crusades Military personnel killed in action Albert Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Pallavicini
Thomas Pallavicini ( it, Tommaso Pallavicini) was the marquess of Bodonitsa following a disputed succession in 1286. He was the grandson of Rubino, younger brother of Guy, the first margrave. In 1286, the marchioness Isabella, Guy's daughter, died childless and the marquisate was immediately the subject of disputed claims: that of Thomas and that of her widower. Bodonitsa was a vassal of the Principality of Achaea, which was held by the ''bailli'' William de la Roche, the duke of Athens, at the time. William, though a relative of the Pallavicini, presiding in his capacity as bailiff over the feudal court of Achaea, did not decide for Thomas as successor of Isabella before Thomas seized the castle of Bodonitsa and thus installed himself undisputedly as master of the march. He ruled it quietly for an unknown period of time, perhaps beyond 1300, and transmitted it to his son Albert. Sources * 13th-century births 13th-century Italian nobility 13th-century rulers in Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Le Flamenc
Anthony le Flamenc (french: Antoine le Flamenc, it, Antonio Fiammengo, lat, Antonius Flamengo, el, Αντώνιος Λε Φλαμά; ) was an early 14th-century Frankish knight and lord of Karditsa (now Akraifnio) in the region of Boeotia, in the Duchy of Athens. Life Anthony le Flamenc was of Flemish ancestry (as his surname indicates), and his forefathers had long been settled in the Holy Land before he rose to prominence in Frankish Greece. The eminent 19th-century scholar of the Frankish rule in Greece, Karl Hopf, suggested that he was the husband and co-ruler of Isabella Pallavicini, lady of the March of Bodonitsa until her death in 1286, after which he disputed the succession to the march with her cousin Thomas Pallavicini. However, as William Miller pointed out, this was pure conjecture lacking any basis in contemporary sources. Le Flamenc is mentioned for the first time in 1303, when the French version of the ''Chronicle of the Morea'' records that the Duke of Athens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabella Pallavicini
Isabella Pallavicini (died 1286), sometimes Jezebel, was sovereign marchioness of Bodonitsa from 1278 to 1286. She succeeded her brother Ubertino and also inherited her elder sister Mabilia's Italian possessions in Parma. The three were the only children of the first margrave Guy. In 1278, the year of her succession, Isabella was requested by her new lord, Charles of Anjou, to do homage to his new ''bailli'' at Glarentsa. When the barons of the Principality of Achaea, of which the ruler of Bodonitsa was chiefest of twelve peers, refused to do homage to the ''bailli'' Galeran d'Ivry as vicar general, the primary reason was the absenteeism of their ''primus inter pares'', Isabella. Isabella was old at her accession and did not live long thereafter. She died childless and left open a succession dispute, which was eventually solved by the arbitration of William I of Athens, then acting bailiff of Achaea, in favour of her cousin Albert. According to an unfounded conjecture by Karl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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