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Marne (estuary)
The Marneslenk (Dutch), or Marneslinke (Frisian), or Marne estuary, was a former estuary in western Friesland south of Harlingen, now reclaimed to be farmland. It formed around the year 300 AD, when rising sea levels also enlarged the Almere lake to the southwest, and formed the Middelzee to the east. The Marneslenk had its mouth on the Vlie and stretched southeasterly to the area of Tirns and then headed east to the Middelzee. Between 1100 and 1300 AD the watercourse was reclaimed and turned into fields by the construction of dykes. One such dyke is the Pingjumer Gulden Halsband. The Bedelaarsvaart (Bidlersfeart) and Harnzerfeartis are what remains of this watercourse nowadays. Pre-history In the Pleistocene the Marneslenk existed as a landscape low oriented to the northwest between the Harlingen High to the north east and the Texel high to the southwest. In the northwest end it broadened out between what is now Vlieland and Terschelling It connected at its southeast extremi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pingjum Met Halsband Schotanus
Pingjum ( fry, Penjum) is a village in the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân in Friesland, in the northern Netherlands and lies southwest of Harlingen, Friesland, Harlingen. It had a population of around 585 in January 2017. History The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Penningem, and means "settlement of Penne (person)". Pingjum is a ''terp'' (artificial living hill) village from the early middle ages which developed on the Marne (estuary), Marneslenk in a grid structure. According to legend, the earliest settlers were shepherds from Drenthe who decided to build the terps and around 1100 added dikes for further protection against the sea. The tower of the Dutch Reformed church was built in the 12th or 13th century and was enlarged in the 15th century. The church dates from around 1500 and was enlarged in 1759. A water well is located next to the choir. In 1524, Menno Simons became priest at the church. Simons started to preach against militarism and was believer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pingjum
Pingjum ( fry, Penjum) is a village in the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân in Friesland, in the northern Netherlands and lies southwest of Harlingen. It had a population of around 585 in January 2017. History The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Penningem, and means "settlement of Penne (person)". Pingjum is a ''terp'' (artificial living hill) village from the early middle ages which developed on the Marneslenk in a grid structure. According to legend, the earliest settlers were shepherds from Drenthe who decided to build the terps and around 1100 added dikes for further protection against the sea. The tower of the Dutch Reformed church was built in the 12th or 13th century and was enlarged in the 15th century. The church dates from around 1500 and was enlarged in 1759. A water well is located next to the choir. In 1524, Menno Simons became priest at the church. Simons started to preach against militarism and was baptised as an adult. His breach with the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivers Of Friesland
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague. Rivers are part of the water cycle. Water generally collects in a river from precipitation through a drainage basin from surface runoff and other sources such as groundwater recharge, springs, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salinisation
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation and road salt. Natural occurrence Salts are a natural component in soils and water. The ions responsible for salination are: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl−. Over long periods of time, as soil minerals weather and release salts, these salts are flushed or leached out of the soil by drainage water in areas with sufficient precipitation. In addition to mineral weathering, salts are also deposited via dust and precipitation. Salts may accumulate in dry regions, leading to naturally saline soils. This is the case, for example, in large parts of Australia. Human practices can increase the salinity of soils by the addition of salts in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kampen (Friesland)
Campen or Kampen may refer to: Places Finland * Kampen, the Swedish name of Kamppi, a district in Helsinki Germany * Campen, Germany, a village by the Ems estuary, northwestern Germany, home of the Campen Lighthouse * Campen Castle, a partially standing castle built in the late 13th century in Lehre, Lower Saxony * Kampen (Sylt), a municipality on the island Sylt ** Kampen Lighthouse, a lighthouse on the island of Sylt * Kampen (mountain), a mountain in Bavaria Netherlands * Kampen, Friesland, a village in the municipality Súdwest-Fryslân * Kampen, Overijssel, a municipality and town in the Netherlands ** Kampen railway station, a railway station in Kampen, Overijssel ** University of Kampen, a historic university in Kampen, Overijssel Norway * Kampen, Norway, a neighborhood in the city of Oslo * Kampen, Stavanger, a neighborhood in the city of Stavanger People * Ranee Campen (born 1989), Thai actress * Van Kampen, a list of people named Van Kampen * Van Campen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuider Zee
The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (; old spelling ''Zuyderzee'' or ''Zuyder Zee'') was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands, extending about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 metres (13–16 feet) and a coastline of about 300 km (200 miles). It covered . Its name is Dutch for "southern sea", indicating that the name originates in Friesland, to the north of the Zuiderzee (cf. North Sea). In the 20th century the majority of the Zuiderzee was closed off from the North Sea by the construction of the Afsluitdijk, leaving the mouth of the inlet to become part of the Wadden Sea. The salt water inlet changed into a fresh water lake now called the IJsselmeer (IJssel Lake) after the river that drains into it, and by means of drainage and polders, an area of some was reclaimed as land. This land eventually became the province of Flevoland, with a population of nearly 400,000 (2011). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polder
A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are: # Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the seabed # Flood plains separated from the sea or river by a dike # Marshes separated from the surrounding water by a dike and subsequently drained; these are also known as ''koogs'', especially in Germany The ground level in drained marshes subsides over time. All polders will eventually be below the surrounding water level some or all of the time. Water enters the low-lying polder through infiltration and water pressure of groundwater, or rainfall, or transport of water by rivers and canals. This usually means that the polder has an excess of water, which is pumped out or drained by opening sluices at low tide. Care must be taken not to set the internal water level too low. Polder land made up of peat (former marshland) will sink in relation to its previous l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Level Rise
Globally, sea levels are rising due to human-caused climate change. Between 1901 and 2018, the globally averaged sea level rose by , or 1–2 mm per year on average.IPCC, 2019Summary for Policymakers InIPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate .-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.001. This rate is accelerating, with sea levels now rising by 3.7 mm per year. Climate scientists expect further acceleration during the 21st century. Climate change heats (and therefore expands) the ocean and melts land-based ice sheets and glaciers. Between 1993 and 2018, the thermal expansion of water contributed 42% to sea level rise; melting of temperate glaciers, 21%; Greenland, 15%; and Antarctica, 8%. Over the next 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arum, Friesland
Arum is a village in the Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the Dutch province of Friesland. It is about 5 km southeast of the city of Harlingen. The village itself has about 895 inhabitants. The surrounding countryside that belongs to Arum, including the hamlets of and , has a population of about 180 in January 2017. History The village was first mentioned around 1400 as Aeldrum, and could mean "settlement of Alder (person)". Arum is a ''terp'' (artificial living mound) village which dates from the beginning of our era and was located at the Marneslenk. In 1380, the was fought near the village between the monks of the monasteries Ludingakerk (near Midlum) and Oldeklooster (near Hartwert), in which more than 130 men died. The Arumer Zwarte Hoop (Black Hope of Arum) was an army of peasants and mercenaries led by Grutte Pier (Pier Gerlofs Donia) who revenged the failed attack of Holland on Friesland, and as a pirate army plundered and raided cities in Holland from 1515 unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimswerd
Kimswerd ( fry, Kimswert) is a village in Súdwest-Fryslân municipality in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 565 in January 2017. History The village was first mentioned in the 13th century as Kemmerswerth, and means "''terp'' village of Kemme (person). Kimswerd is a ''terp'' (artificial living hill) village. Archaelogical finds have been discovered in the ''terp'' from the Roman era. The village used to have a grid structure and was located along the former Marneslenk, a bay in the Wadden Sea. Around 1850, the road from Bolsward to Harlingen was paved, and the village extended towards the road. The Dutch Reformed church dates from the 11th century, and has a tower from the 12th century. It was modified and extended many times during its history. On 29 January 1515, Kimswerd was plundered by Saxon mercenaries hired by the Count of Holland to conquer Friesland. Pier Gerlofs Donia who lost his wife and one of his two children swore reven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
