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Marissa Alexander Case
In May 2012, 31-year-old Marissa Alexander was prosecuted for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and received a mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years in prison. Alexander said that she fired a warning shot after her husband attacked her and threatened to kill her on August 1, 2010, in Jacksonville, Florida. Some time after her conviction, a new trial was ordered. Before the new trial could begin, Alexander was released on January 27, 2015, under a plea deal that capped her sentence to the three years she had already served. Incident Alexander was in the home of her estranged husband Rico Gray, when Alexander claimed that Gray threatened to kill her via texts on Alexander's phone. Gray had previously abused Alexander, giving her reason to believe that her life was in danger. According to Alexander, she tried to escape through the garage, but the garage door would not open. This account was confirmed by Gray in a sworn deposition, although investigators found no problem wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of northeast Florida, the most populous city proper in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States as of 2020. It is the seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits. As of 2020, Jacksonville's population is 949,611, making it the 12th most populous city in the U.S., the most populous city in the Southeast, and the most populous city in the South outside of the state of Texas. With a population of 1,733,937, the Jacksonville metropolitan area ranks as Florida's fourth-largest metropolitan region. Jacksonville straddles the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeastern Florida, about south of the Georgia state line ( to the urban core/downtown) and north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institutional Racism
Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is a form of racism that is embedded in the laws and regulations of a society or an organization. It manifests as discrimination in areas such as criminal justice, employment, housing, health care, education, and political representation. The term ''institutional racism'' was first coined in 1967 by Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton in '' Black Power: The Politics of Liberation''. Carmichael and Hamilton wrote in 1967 that while individual racism is often identifiable because of its overt nature, institutional racism is less perceptible because of its "less overt, far more subtle" nature. Institutional racism "originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than ndividual racism. Institutional racism was defined by Sir William Macpherson in the UK's Lawrence report (1999) as: "The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 In Florida
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sara Kruzan
Sara Jessimy Kruzan (born January 8, 1978) is an American activist and survivor of child sex trafficking. In 1995, at the age of 17, she was convicted of the first-degree murder of her trafficker, George Gilbert Howard, who began to groom her for the sex industry at the age of 11. She was initially sentenced to life imprisonment without parole, but was later both paroled and pardoned. Early life Sara Kruzan was born on January 8, 1978. She was raised by her mother in Riverside, California, where she was an honor roll student at school. During her childhood, she met her father only three times because he was serving prison terms. During her childhood, Kruzan experienced severe depression, resulting in numerous hospitalizations. "Her mother admitted bashing Kruzan's head on the floor. Kruzan was placed in foster care for a time after bruises were discovered. Kruzan was molested for the first time at age 5 by her mom's boyfriend. Successive boyfriends did the same." Killing of Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courtney Schulhoff
Courtney Christine Schulhoff (born December 27, 1987 in Washington, D.C.) is an American prisoner who was convicted of the bludgeoning death of her father in his Altamonte Springs, Florida apartment when she was 16 years old. She was convicted of first-degree murder and was sentenced to life without the possibility of parole in September 2006. In March 2017, Schulhoff was given a reduced sentence of 40 years. Background Courtney Schulhoff lived in Altamonte Springs, Florida with her father after her parents divorced. She attended Lyman High School, but had dropped out and was pursuing her GED. Before dropping out of school, 15-year-old Schulhoff began dating Michael Morin, a man whom she had met at a dog race track across the street from her high school. Morin, who was five years Schulhoff's senior, was on probation for car theft after stealing his father's car. Schulhoff's father did not approve of their relationship but the couple continued to date. They would often hang out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrystul Kizer
Chrystul Kizer was arrested at age 17 for the murder of Randall Phillip Volar III. During her arrest, she claimed Volar was her sex trafficker. On June 5, 2018, she allegedly shot him twice while he was sitting in a chair, set his house on fire, then stole his car. Kizer was arrested and incarcerated at Kenosha County Detention Facility to await trial. Kenosha County prosecutors charged her with first degree intentional homicide using a dangerous weapon, and four other felonies. They contend the killing was premeditated. If convicted, she would face a mandatory life sentence in prison. Kizer's lawyers claim that she was a child trafficking victim acting in self-defense against her sex trafficker. Her case received renewed notoriety in December 2019 after ''The Washington Post'' interviewed her, and after the George Floyd protests. Community activists posted her $400,000 bond, and she was released in June 2020. A trial date is not set. Renewed interest in her case followed the Kyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyntoia Brown
Cyntoia Brown Long (née Brown; born January 29, 1988) is an American author and speaker who was convicted of murder and robbery at the age of 16. Brown, who was a victim of child sex trafficking at the time of the incident, claimed that Johnny Allen had paid her $150 to have sex with him, and that she feared for her life during their encounter, leading her to shoot him. Prosecutors argued that Brown killed Allen while he was sleeping in order to rob him. Brown was found guilty of robbing and murdering Allen and was sentenced to life imprisonment. She would have been eligible for parole at the age of 67. After renewed interest in her case in 2013, Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam commuted her original sentence to 15 years and Brown was released on August 7, 2019. Her story is detailed in the 2011 documentary '' Me Facing Life: Cyntoia's Story'' and in her memoir, ''Free Cyntoia: My Search for Redemption in the American Prison System''. Her fight for freedom from prison is docu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intimate Partner Violence
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. IPV can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic and sexual abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines IPV as "any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviors." IPV is sometimes referred to simply as battery, or as spouse or partner abuse. The most extreme form of IPV is termed ''intimate terrorism'', ''coercive controlling violence'', or simply '' coercive control''. In such situations, one partner is systematically violent and controlling. This is generally perpetrated by men against women, and is the most likely of the types to require medical services and the use of a women's shelter. Resistance to intimat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Survived And Punished
Survived and Punished (stylized as Survived & Punished or S&P) is an American national volunteer-run organization that campaigns for the abolition of custodial sentences for victims of abuse who defended themselves from their attacker. The organization focuses on preventing the imprisonment of victims of assault, estimated to comprise almost 90% of women in United States' prisons, of whom most are arrested for defending themselves from domestic and intimate partner violence. The organization has branches in Chicago, New York, and California. Survived & Punished at large initially grew out of efforts from abolitionist organizers like Mariame Kaba to free Marissa Alexander. The Chicago branch is now titled "Love & Protect" and it was previously known as the "Chicago Alliance to Free Marissa Alexander", while the New York and California branches are referred to as S&P NY and S&P California, respectively. Local groups operate autonomously but report regularly to S&P National to affi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Abolitionist
The prison abolition movement is a network of groups and activists that seek to reduce or eliminate prisons and the prison system, and replace them with systems of rehabilitation that do not place a focus on punishment and government institutionalization. The prison abolitionist movement is distinct from conventional prison reform, which is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons. Some supporters of decarceration and prison abolition also work to end solitary confinement, the death penalty, and the construction of new prisons through non-reformist reform. Others support books-to-prisoner projects and defend the rights of prisoners to have access to information and library services. Some organizations, such as the Anarchist Black Cross, seek total abolishment of the prison system, without any intention to replace it with other government-controlled systems. Many anarchist organizations believe that the best form of justice arises naturally out of social contracts, res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida Times-Union
''The Florida Times-Union'' is a daily newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. Widely known as the oldest newspaper in the state, it began publication as the ''Florida Union'' in 1864. Its current incarnation started in 1883, when the ''Florida Union'' merged with another Jacksonville paper, the ''Florida Daily Times''. A Southeast Georgia edition, called ''The Georgia Times-Union'', serves the Brunswick area. In 1983, Morris Communications of Augusta, Georgia, purchased Florida Publishing Company. ''The Times-Union'' became the largest newspaper of this chain, which owns a number of newspapers around the country. The paper is now owned by Gannett. In 2018, its editor was Mary Kelli Palka, and the editorial page editor was Michael P. Clark. History In 1864, during the American Civil War, J. K. Stickney and W. C. Morrill published the first edition of the ''Florida Union''. It was a Northern and Republican paper, at the time when Jacksonville was occupied by the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Color Of Change
Color of Change is a progressive nonprofit civil rights advocacy organization in the United States. It was formed in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in order to use online resources to strengthen the political voice of African Americans. Color of Change is a 501(c)(4) advocacy organizing with an affiliated political action committee. History and overview Color of Change was co-founded in 2005 by James Rucker and Van Jones to replicate the MoveOn.org email list model among African American Internet users. Rucker had previously worked for the MoveOn.org Political Action and MoveOn.org Civic Action while Jones was the founder of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights. Rashad Robinson is the organization's president, having joined the organization in May 2011. Color of Change utilizes the Internet, and specifically e-mail, as its main conduit for communicating with its members. Web 2.0 developments such as social networking sites also contribute to the organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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