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Margaret Poisal
Margaret Poisal (1834–between 1883 and 1892) was "the only woman who was an official witness, interpreter, and consultant at many meetings and treaty councils held along or in close proximity to the Santa Fe Trail." The daughter of French Canadian trapper John Poisal and Arapaho Snake Woman, Poisal was educated at a convent school. She married Thomas Fitzpatrick, an Indian agent, and they worked together negotiating peace between Native American tribes and the United States government. After Fitzpatrick died, Poisal continued to work as an interpreter and peacemaker. Background Poisal grew up during a period where Arapaho and Cheyenne ranched across the Great Plains. In the early 19th century, fur trappers and traders crossed into the western frontier. The Arapaho and Cheyenne developed partnerships with trappers and trading companies who exchanged good for buffalo pelts along the Santa Fe Trail and other trails. American pioneers migrated west to California and Oregon beginni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Glossary of mathematical sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arkansas River
The Arkansas River is a major tributary of the Mississippi River. It generally flows to the east and southeast as it traverses the U.S. states of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. The river's source basin lies in the western United States in Colorado, specifically the Arkansas River Valley. The headwaters derive from the snowpack in the Sawatch and Mosquito mountain ranges. It flows east into the Midwest via Kansas, and finally into the South through Oklahoma and Arkansas. At , it is the sixth-longest river in the United States, the second-longest tributary in the Mississippi–Missouri system, and the 45th longest river in the world. Its origin is in the Rocky Mountains in Lake County, Colorado, near Leadville. In 1859, placer gold discovered in the Leadville area brought thousands seeking to strike it rich, but the easily recovered placer gold was quickly exhausted. The Arkansas River's mouth is at Napoleon, Arkansas, and its drainage basin covers nearly .See wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Laramie Treaty Of 1851
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was signed on September 17, 1851 between United States treaty commissioners and representatives of the Cheyenne, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nations. Also known as Horse Creek Treaty, the treaty set forth traditional territorial claims of the tribes. The United States acknowledged that all the land covered by the treaty was Indian territory and did not claim any part of it. The boundaries agreed to in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 would be used to settle a number of claims cases in the 20th century. The Native Americans guaranteed safe passage for settlers on the Oregon Trail and allowed roads and forts to be built in their territories, in exchange for promises of an annuity in the amount of fifty thousand dollars for fifty years. The treaty also sought to "make an effective and lasting peace" among the eight tribes, who were often at odds with each other.Kappler, Charles J.: ''Indian Affairs. Laws and Trea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arapaho And Cheyenne 1851 Treaty Territory
The Arapaho (; french: Arapahos, ) are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota people, Lakota and Dakota people, Dakota. By the 1850s, Arapaho bands formed two tribes, namely the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho. Since 1878, the Northern Arapaho have lived with the Eastern Shoshone on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming and are federally recognized tribe, federally recognized as the Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation. The Southern Arapaho live with the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma. Together, their members are enrolled as the federally recognized Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes. Names It is uncertain where the word 'Arapaho' came from. Europeans may have derived it from the Pawnee language, Pawnee word for "trader", ''iriiraraapuhu'', or it may have been a corruption of a Crow language, Crow word for "ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medicine Lodge Treaty
The Medicine Lodge Treaty is the overall name for three treaties signed near Medicine Lodge, Kansas, between the Federal government of the United States and southern Plains Indian tribes in October 1867, intended to bring peace to the area by relocating the Native Americans to reservations in Indian Territory and away from European-American settlement. The treaty was negotiated after investigation by the Indian Peace Commission, which in its final report in 1868 concluded that the wars had been preventable. They determined that the United States government and its representatives, including the United States Congress, had contributed to the warfare on the Great Plains by failing to fulfill their legal obligations and to treat the Native Americans with honesty. The U.S. government and tribal chiefs met at a place traditional for Native American ceremonies, at their request. The first treaty was signed October 21, 1867, with the Kiowa and Comanche tribes."Treaty with the Kiowa an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leavenworth, Kansas
Leavenworth () is the county seat and largest city of Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37,351. It is located on the west bank of the Missouri River. The site of Fort Leavenworth, built in 1827, the city became known in American history for its role as a key supply base in the settlement of the American West. During the American Civil War, many volunteers joined the Union Army from Leavenworth. The city has been notable as the location of several prisons, particularly the United States Disciplinary Barracks and United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth. History Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first city incorporated in the territory of Kansas. The city developed south of Fort Leavenworth, which was established as Cantonment Leavenworth in 1827 by Colonel Henry Leavenworth. Its location on the Missouri River attracted refugee African-American slaves in the an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westport, Missouri
Westport is a historic neighborhood in Kansas City, Missouri, USA. Originally an independent town, it was annexed by Kansas City in 1897. It is one of Kansas City's main entertainment districts. Westport has a lending library, a branch of the Kansas City Public Library. History Westport was first settled by Reverend Isaac McCoy and his family in 1831.Crutchfield, Moulton, and Del Bene (2015), p. 499. It was located approximately three miles due south of the present day location of downtown Kansas City, Missouri. It was platted three years later, and formally incorporated in February 1857. McCoy's son John Calvin McCoy is generally considered the "father of Kansas City" after he formally founded the town. He had supplies landed at a rocky point on the Missouri River between Grand and Main streets, which became known as "Westport's Landing."Little & Olinskey (2013), p. 18. When the landing became popular, young McCoy and other residents banded together to form the "Town of Kansa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Fitzpatrick (1799-1854)
Tom, Tommy, or Thomas Fitzpatrick may refer to: * Thomas Fitzpatrick (Australian politician) (1835–1920), Irish-Australian politician * Thomas Fitzpatrick (cartoonist) (1860–1912), Irish political cartoonist * Thomas Fitzpatrick (London physician) (1832–1900), Irish surgeon * Thomas Fitzpatrick (pilot) (1930–2009), American pilot * Thomas Fitzpatrick (Queens) (1909–1972), American lawyer and politician * Thomas Fitzpatrick (American sailor) (born 1837), American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient * Tom Fitzpatrick (Irish sailor) (born 1974), Irish Olympic sailor * Thomas Fitzpatrick (trapper) (1799–1854), American mountain man * Thomas B. Fitzpatrick (1919–2003), American dermatologist * Thomas Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1896–1974), American governor of American Samoa * Thomas Fitzpatrick (academic) (1861–1931), English university president * Thomas Henry Fitzpatrick (died 1866), British missionary to the Punjab * Thomas J. Fitzpatrick (Cavan politici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Little Arkansas Treaty
The Little Arkansas Treaty was a set of treaties signed between the United States of America and the Kiowa, Comanche, Plains Apache, Southern Cheyenne, and Southern Arapaho at Little Arkansas River, Kansas in October 1865. On October 14 and 18, 1865 the United States and all of the major Plains Indians Tribes signed a treaty on the Little Arkansas River, which became known as the Little Arkansas Treaty. It is notable in that it lasted less than two years, the reservations it created for the Plains Indians were never created at all, and were reduced by 90% eighteen months later in the Medicine Lodge Treaty. The full treaty can be found online. The Civil War The Civil War was ending, and the Union did not want to have to keep hundreds of thousands of men under arms to defend immigrants against Indian attacks. Therefore the government sent highly respected Commissioners to the Plains Tribes, and asked them to meet and talk peace. Chiefs and Commissioners in attendance Among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sand Creek (Colorado)
Sand Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed March 25, 2011 tributary that flows into the South Platte River near Commerce City, Colorado. From its source in unincorporated Arapahoe County, it flows through the cities of Aurora and Denver before joining the South Platte in Adams County. It is not to be confused with Big Sandy Creek (along which the Sand Creek Massacre occurred), which is over 100 miles to the southeast. Benzene pollution in Sand Creek In November 2011, a local fisherman noticed an oily sheen on the surface of Sand Creek. Testing found the water of Sand Creek to be contaminated with abnormally high levels of the aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene. The source of the benzene was found to be a damaged pipe at the nearby Suncor refinery, which had allowed benzene to seep into the groundwater and surface at Sand Creek. In December 2011, the Colorado Department of Health and Environment began t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denver 1859
Denver () is a List of municipalities in Colorado#Consolidated city and county, consolidated city and county, the List of capitals in the United States#State capital, capital, and List of municipalities in Colorado#, most populous city of the United States, U.S. Colorado, state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010 United States census, 2010. It is the List of United States cities by population, 19th-most populous city in the United States and the fifth most populous state capital. It is the principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the first city of the Front Range Urban Corridor. Denver is located in the Western United States, in the South Platte River, South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains (United States), High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Its downtown district is immediately east of the conflue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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