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Manyo Language
Gciriku or Dciriku (Also Diriku, Dirico, Manyo or Rumanyo), is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, Botswana and Angola. 24,000 people speak Gciriku in Angola, according to Ethnologue. It was first known in the west via the Vagciriku, who had migrated from the main Vamanyo area and spoke Rugciriku, a dialect of Rumanyo. The name ''Gciriku'' (Dciriku, Diriku) remains common in the literature, but within Namibia the name ''Rumanyo'' has been revived. The Mbogedu dialect is extinct; Maho (2009) lists it as a distinct language, and notes that the names 'Manyo' and 'Rumanyo' are inappropriate for it. It is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants, as in ('bed'), ('flower'), and ('tortoise'). These clicks, of which there are half a dozen (c, gc, ch, and prenasalized nc and nch), are generally all pronounced with a dental articulation, but there is broad variation between speakers. They are especially comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okavango River
The Okavango River (formerly spelled Okovango or Okovanggo), Also known as the Cubango River, is a river in southwest Africa. It is the fourth-longest river system in southern Africa, running southeastward for . It begins at an elevation of in the sandy highlands of Angola. Farther south, it forms part of the border between Angola and Namibia, and then flows into Botswana. The Okavango does not have an outlet to the sea. Instead, it discharges into the Okavango Delta or Okavango Alluvial Fan, in an endorheic basin in the Kalahari Desert. Flow In Angola, the upper reaches of the Cuito (a tributary river to the Okavango) suffers clogging due to controlled burns of the vegetation, reducing water flow downstream as the accumulated water instead flows into the sand. Before it enters Botswana, the river drops 4 m in a series of rapids known as Popa Falls, visible when the river is low, as during the dry season. In the rainy season, an outflow to the Boteti River in turn seaso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Click Consonant
Click consonants, or clicks, are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa. Examples familiar to English-speakers are the '' tut-tut'' (British spelling) or '' tsk! tsk!'' (American spelling) used to express disapproval or pity, the '' tchick!'' used to spur on a horse, and the '' clip-clop!'' sound children make with their tongue to imitate a horse trotting. Anatomically, clicks are obstruents articulated with two closures (points of contact) in the mouth, one forward and one at the back. The enclosed pocket of air is rarefied by a sucking action of the tongue (in technical terminology, clicks have a lingual ingressive airstream mechanism). The forward closure is then released,This is the case for all clicks used as consonants in words. Paralinguistically, however, there are other methods of making clicks: ''under'' the tongue or as above but by releasing the rear occlusion first. See #Places of articul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Botswana
The official language of Botswana is English, while Tswana is considered to be a national language. English, which was inherited from colonial rule, is the language of official business and most written communication. Most of the population speak Tswana, but over 20 smaller languages are also spoken. Some of the country's languages are in danger of becoming extinct. Official and national languages The official written language of Botswana is English. Most written communication and official business texts are written in English. The language of the Tswana people—''Setswana''—is the country's national language, and is spoken by most of the population. Other languages Aside from English and Setswana, other languages are spoken in the country. Over 90% of the population speak a Bantu language as their first language. According to the CIA's ''World Factbook'', the most common Bantu languages spoken are Setswana (77.3% of the population), Kalanga (7.4%), Kgalagadi (3.4%), Shon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Angola
Portuguese is the only official language of Angola, but 46 other languages are spoken in the country, mostly Bantu languages. Six of these have the benefit of an institutional status in Angola: Umbundu, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Chokwe, Ngangela and Kwanyama. European languages Portuguese is the sole official language. Due to cultural, social and political mechanisms which date back to the colonial history, the number of native Portuguese speakers is large and growing. A 2012 study by the Angolan National Institute for Statistics found that Portuguese is the mother tongue of 39% of the population. It is spoken as a second language by many more throughout the country, and younger urban generations are moving towards the dominant or exclusive use of Portuguese. The 2014 population census found that about 71% of the nearly 25.8 million inhabitants of Angola speak Portuguese at home. In urban areas, 85% of the population declared to speak Portuguese at home in the 2014 census, agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fwe Language
Fwe, or Chifwe, is a Bantu language spoken by 10,000 people along the Okavango River in the Zambezi region of Namibia and in the Western Province in Zambia. It is closely related to Kuhane language, Kuhane, and is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants. Although under the pressure of Lozi language, Lozi and Kuhane (Subiya), Fwe speakers tend to have a positive attitude towards Fwe, and speaking Fwe is often considered an important part of one's identity, and thus underscores the vitality of the language. Regional variation Main phonological differences between Zambian and Namibian Fwe, as noted by both the speakers and seen in the data: Morphological differences between Zambian and Namibian Fwe: Phonology Consonants : * The plosives are considered peripheral phonemes, as they are relatively infrequent in the lexicon. They are not reflexes of *p, *b, *d and *g as reconstructed for Proto-Bantu language, Proto-Bantu, but mainly appear i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mbukushu Language
Mbukushu or Thimbukushu is a Bantu language spoken by 45,000 people along the Okavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Botswana, Angola and Zambia. In 2022 it was selected among a variety of Mother Tongue languages to be taught in Botswana Primary Schools in the year 2023. Mbukushu is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants; Mbukushu has three: tenuis ''c,'' voiced ''gc,'' and nasalized ''nc,'' as well as prenasalized ''ngc,'' which vary between speakers as dental, palatal The palate () is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separ ..., and postalveolar. It also has a nasal glottal approximant. References External links Mbukushu sound files at UCLA Bantu languages Languages of Angola Languages of Botswana Languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwangali Language
Kwangali, or RuKwangali, is a Bantu language spoken by 85,000 people along the Kavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Angola. It is one of several Bantu languages of the Kavango which have click consonants; these are the dental clicks ''c'' and ''gc,'' along with prenasalization Prenasalized consonants are phonetic sequences of a nasal and an obstruent (or occasionally a non-nasal sonorant such as ) that behave phonologically like single consonants. The primary reason for considering them to be single consonants, rather ... and aspiration. Maho (2009) includes Mbunza as a dialect, but excludes Sambyu, which he includes in Manyo. Phonology Consonants A dental click type may also be heard, being adopted from the neighboring Khoisan languages. The clicks may also tend to be heard as alveolar . Vowels Short vowels of /i e o u/ may also be pronounced as ɛ ɔ ʊ References * Dammann, Ernst (1957). ''Studien zum Kwangali: Grammatik, Text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khoisan Language
Khoisan , or (), according to the contemporary Khoekhoegowab orthography, is a catch-all term for those indigenous peoples of Southern Africa who do not speak one of the Bantu languages, combining the (formerly "Khoikhoi") and the or ( in the Nǁng language). The San were formerly called Bushmen, (from Afrikaans ''Boesmans'' from nl, Boschjesmens); and the were formerly known as " Hottentots", speculated to be a Dutch onomatopoeic term referring to the click consonants prevalent in the Khoekhoe languages. However there is no evidence of this etymology."A very large number of different etymologies for the name have been suggested ... The most frequently repeated suggestion ... is that the word was a spec. use of a formally identical Dutch word meaning ‘stammerer, stutterer’, which came to be applied to the Khoekhoe and San people on account of the clicks characteristic of their languages. However, evidence for the earlier general use appears to be lacking. Another frequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ju Languages
JU may refer to: Names and people * Joo (Korean name), surname and given name (including a list of people with the name) * Jū (鞠), Chinese surname * Ru (surname), romanized Ju in Wade–Giles * Ji Ju, a semi-legendary ancestor of the Zhou dynasty * Ju (writer) (born 1958), Burmese writer * Juh (c. 1825–1883), Apache leader Places * Ju (city), a city of the State of Qi during the Warring States Period of China * Ju (state), a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty * Ju County (莒县), of Rizhao, Shandong, China * Juan de Nova Island, administered by France (FIPS code ''JU'') * Zhou (country subdivision), pronounced ''ju'' in Korean * Canton of Jura (created in 1979), newest of the 26 Swiss cantons Businesses and organizations Universities * University of Jordan, located in Amman, Jordan * Jacksonville University, a university in Jacksonville, Florida, United States * Jadavpur University, a university in Kolkata, India * Jahangirnagar University, a public university in Savar, Bang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwe
Khwe (also rendered ''Kxoe, Khoe'' ) is a dialect continuum of the Khoe family of Namibia, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and parts of Zambia, with some 8,000 speakers. Classification Khwe is a member of the Khoe language family. The 2000 meeting of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in South Africa (WIMSA) produced the Penduka Declaration on the Standardisation of Ju and Khoe Languages, which recommends Khwe be classified as part of the Central Khoe-San family, a cluster language comprising Khwe, ǁAni and Buga. ''Khwe'' is the preferred spelling as recommended by the Penduka Declaration, but the language is also referred to as ''Kxoe'', ''Khoe-dam'' and ''Khwedam''. ''Barakwena, Barakwengo'' and ''Mbarakwena'' refer to speakers of the language and are considered pejorative. Other names and spellings of ǁAni include ''ǀAnda, Gǀanda, Handá, Gani'' and ''Tanne'' with various combinations of ''-kwe/khwe/khoe'' and ''-dam.'' History The Khwe-speaking pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dental Click
Dental (or more precisely denti-alveolar) clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. In English, the ''tut-tut!'' (British spelling, "tutting") or ''tsk! tsk!'' (American spelling, "tsking") sound used to express disapproval or pity is an unreleased dental click, although it is not a lexical phoneme (a sound that distinguishes words) in English but a paralinguistic speech-sound. Similarly paralinguistic usage of dental clicks is made in certain other languages, but the meaning thereof differs widely between many of the languages (e.g., affirmation in Somali but negation in many varieties of Arabic). The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is , a vertical bar. Prior to 1989, was the IPA letter for the dental clicks. It is still occasionally used where the symbol would be confounded with other symbols, such as prosod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (stylized as ''Ethnoloɠue'') is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951, and is now published by SIL International, an American Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' isn't ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and autonyms, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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