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Mantion–Meax Languages
The Mantion–Meax or (South)East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people. Classification East Bird's Head stock (3 languages) *'' Mantion'' (Manikion, Sougb) *Meax family: Meax (Meyah), Meninggo (Moskona) Pronouns The pronouns Ross reconstructs for the proto-language (Usher's Southeast Bird's Head) are: : Basic vocabulary Lexical similarities among East Bird's Head languages ( Meyah, Moskona, Sougb, Hatam, Mansim) listed in Holton & Klamer (2018): : Additional East Bird's Head basic vocabulary quoted by Holton & Klamer (2018) from Miedema & Reesink (2004: 34) and (Reesink 2005: 202), showing diverse non-cognate vocabulary across different branches: : The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975) and Miedema & Welling (1985), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : See also * Hatam–Mansim languages *West Papuan languages The W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papua (Indonesian Province)
Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri. It is bordered by the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Following the splitting off of twenty regencies to create the three new provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua on 30 June 2022, the residual province is divided into eight regencies (''kabupaten'') and one city (''kota''), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura. The province has a large potential in natural resources, such as gold, nickel, petroleum, etc. Papua, along with four other Papuan provinces, has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskona Language
Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language spoken in Teluk Bintuni Regency on the north coast of West Papua, Indonesia. Distribution In Teluk Bintuni Regency Teluk Bintuni Regency (or Bintuni Bay Regency) is a regency of West Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 18,637 km2, comprising administrative districts on three sides of Bintuni Bay, a gulf that separates the Bird's Head Peninsula ..., ethnic Moskona people are located in Moskona Timur District (in Sumuy, Mesna, and Igomu villages), Mardey District, Masyeta District, Jagiro District, Moyeba District, and Mesna District. References Further reading * Languages of western New Guinea Mantion–Meax languages {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Indonesia
More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. These figures indicate that Indonesia has about 10% of the world's languages, establishing its reputation as the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world after Papua New Guinea. Most languages belong to the Austronesian language family, while there are over 270 Papuan languages spoken in eastern Indonesia. The language most widely spoken as a native language is Javanese. Languages in Indonesia are classified into nine categories: national language, locally used indigenous languages, regional lingua francas, foreign and additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. National language The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian (locally known as ''bahasa Indonesia''), a standardised form of Malay, which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. The vocabulary of Indonesian borrows heavily from regional languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantion–Meax Languages
The Mantion–Meax or (South)East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people. Classification East Bird's Head stock (3 languages) *'' Mantion'' (Manikion, Sougb) *Meax family: Meax (Meyah), Meninggo (Moskona) Pronouns The pronouns Ross reconstructs for the proto-language (Usher's Southeast Bird's Head) are: : Basic vocabulary Lexical similarities among East Bird's Head languages ( Meyah, Moskona, Sougb, Hatam, Mansim) listed in Holton & Klamer (2018): : Additional East Bird's Head basic vocabulary quoted by Holton & Klamer (2018) from Miedema & Reesink (2004: 34) and (Reesink 2005: 202), showing diverse non-cognate vocabulary across different branches: : The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975) and Miedema & Welling (1985), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: : See also * Hatam–Mansim languages *West Papuan languages The W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatam–Mansim Languages
Hatam–Mansim is a small language family of New Guinea, consisting of two languages: * Hatam * Mansim (Borai) Ross (2005) tentatively classified Hatam as a branch of the West Papuan family, based on similarities in pronouns (he did not consider Mansim), but '' Glottolog'' continues to list Hatam–Mansim as an independent family. Following Reesink (2002), ''Glottolog'' lists Mansim as a language distinct from Hattam: "comparisons of old wordlists (e.g. von der Gabelentz & Meyer 1882) readily confirm this difference."Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices See also *Mantion–Meax languages The Mantion–Meax or (South)East Bird's Head languages are a language family of three languages in the "Bird's Head Peninsula" of western New Guinea, spoken by all together 20,000 people. Classification East Bird's Head stock (3 languages) *'' ... References * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hatam-Mansim languages East Bird's Head languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansim Language
Mansim, also known as Borai or Moi Brai, is a West Papuan language of the eastern Bird's Head Peninsula The Bird's Head Peninsula ( Indonesian: ''Kepala Burung'', nl, Vogelkop) or Doberai Peninsula (''Semenanjung Doberai''), is a large peninsula that makes up the northwest portion of the island of New Guinea, comprising the Indonesian provinces ... closely related to Hattam. As of 2010 there are rumours of 50 elderly speakers. Phonology Mansim has five vowels: /a, e, i, o, u/, and 16 consonants. The status of /c, ɟ, h/ is uncertain, due to the single instance in the supporting text. Like other Papuan languages, Mansim lacks a distinction between /r/ and /l/. Stress Mansim could have a tonal difference between homophones, since the various instances of ''bar'' ('something,' 'carry,' 'not') and ''tan'' ('inside,' 'far,' 'afraid') could need the use of a different pitch, but this is not seen in the data, although it is restricted. Stress seems to be placed in an iamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatam Language
Hatam (also spelled ''Hattam, Atam'') is a divergent language spoken on the island of New Guinea, specifically in the Indonesian province of West Papua. Classification Apart from Mansim (Borai), formerly listed as a dialect, Hatam is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, '' Ethnologue'' and Glottolog list it as a language isolate or small independent family. Distribution Hatam is spoken on the island of New Guinea in the following regencies in the Indonesian province of West Papua: *Pegunungan Arfak Regency: Menyambouw District, Anggi District, Anggi Dida District, Catubouw District, and Hingk District *Manokwari Regency Manokwari Regency is a regency in West Papua, Indonesia. Following the splitting away of twenty of its former districts in 2013, it now covers an area of 3,168.28 km2 and had a population of 192,663 at the 2020 Census. The administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sougb Language
Sougb, or Sogh, is a Papuan language of the East Bird's Head language family spoken in the east of the Bird's Head Peninsula to the east of Meyah and to the south of Manokwari, including the area of Soug Jaya District, Teluk Wondama Regency. It consists of four dialects and is spoken by around 12,000 people in all. The language is alternatively known as Mantion, or Manikion, an originally derogatory term used by the Biak people. Distribution Locations: * Pegunungan Arfak Regency **Anggi District *Manokwari Regency **Manokwari Barat District (in Ayambori village) and Warmare District * Manokwari Selatan Regency **Dataran Isim District: Tubes and Duhugesa villages * Manokwari Selatan Regency (Bohon dialect) **Tahota District: Seimeba village *Teluk Bintuni Regency (Raw dialect) **Manimeri District: Atibo, Pasamai, and Botai villages **Bintuni District: Bintuni village * Teluk Wondama Regency (Wepu dialect) **Sougb Jaya District: Kaprus, Siresi, Yarmatum, Reyob, and Nuspairo vill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyah Language
Meyah (Meax) is a West Papuan languages, West Papuan language spoken in Miyah District, Tambrauw Regency of West Papua (province), West Papua, Indonesia. The Meyah language is Agglutinative language, agglutinative and Head-marking language, head-marking and has no Grammatical case, grammatical cases. It has Subject–object–verb, subject-object-verb word order, which comes from nearby Austronesian languages. Distribution Within Tambrauw Regency, ethnic Meyah people reside in Senopi District, Miyah District, Fef District, and Syujak District. Phonology Meax has 5 vowels and 13 consonants. Pitch-accent Like many other Papuan languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, Meyah is a pitch-accent language with two phonemic pitch levels: rising high and falling high, which contrast. Grammar Pronouns Pronouns demonstrate three numbers: singular, dual, and plural. The first person dual and plural pronouns also demonstrate clusivity. These prefixes are used for verbs, body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Papuan Languages
The West Papuan languages are a proposed language family of about two dozen non-Austronesian languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula (Vogelkop or Doberai Peninsula) of far western New Guinea, the island of Halmahera and its vicinity, spoken by about 220,000 people in all. It is not established if they constitute a proper linguistic family or an areal network of genetically unrelated families. The best known "West Papuan" language is Ternate (50,000 native speakers) of the island of the same name, which is a regional lingua franca and which, along with neighboring Tidore, were the languages of the rival medieval Ternate and Tidore sultanates, famous for their role in the spice trade. Languages ;West Papuan * North Halmahera (Halmahera – West Makian) **Core North Halmahera ** ''West Makian'' *'' Amberbaken (Mpur)'' * Yawa (Yapen) *West–Central Bird's Head ** West Bird's Head ** ''Abun'' **'' Maybrat (Central Bird's Head)'' *East Bird's Head ** ''Burmeso'' ** Hatam–Mans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusivity
In linguistics, clusivity is a grammatical distinction between ''inclusive'' and ''exclusive'' first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called ''inclusive " we"'' and ''exclusive "we"''. Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for "we" means "you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for "we" means "he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved. While imagining that this sort of distinction could be made in other persons (particularly the second) is straightforward, in fact the existence of second-person clusivity (you vs. you and them) in natural languages is controversial and not well attested. While clusivity is not a feature of standard English language, it is found in many languages around the world. The first published description of the inclusive-exclusive distinction by a European linguist was in a description of languages of Peru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meninggo Language
Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language spoken in Teluk Bintuni Regency on the north coast of West Papua, Indonesia. Distribution In Teluk Bintuni Regency Teluk Bintuni Regency (or Bintuni Bay Regency) is a regency of West Papua Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 18,637 km2, comprising administrative districts on three sides of Bintuni Bay, a gulf that separates the Bird's Head Peninsula ..., ethnic Moskona people are located in Moskona Timur District (in Sumuy, Mesna, and Igomu villages), Mardey District, Masyeta District, Jagiro District, Moyeba District, and Mesna District. References Further reading * Languages of western New Guinea Mantion–Meax languages {{Papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
